Online publishing as a support for scholarly communication in dynamic knowledge communities

Internet based services, particularly asynchronous communication services, offer an environment suited to the rise of knowledge communities. Knowledge communities, or invisible colleges, have been existing for a long time, but not always have efficient ways of communication. Knowledge communities are heavily dynamic and are always changing in their composition and also in each member interests. The intersection of the interests of a given number of elements creates the environment for the rising of a community. Nevertheless, this community will benefit not by the intersection but by the union of knowledge of these elements. On the other hand, multiple overlapping communities are generated and one persons set of interests includes some intersection with the interests of several knowledge communities. These communities are rather fluid and dynamic and the old processes for scholarly communication don't seem to fairly represent these properties. Digital Libraries projects keep appearing throughout the world. Paper printed journals and proceedings are beginning to be also distributed electronically. Online scientific journals are starting to be taken seriously by scientists and by some of the major scientific publishers. Nevertheless, online documentation per se doesn't address the dynamic behavior of knowledge communities. Also, the problem of the undiscovered public knowledge (as called by Don Swanson) still tends to remain unattended. Most of the times we have been using old processes to solve new problems. In our opinion, to address these issues, an online scholarly publication should have the following goals: (1) Promote the generation of knowledge communities composed of elements coming from different scientific communities - promote interdisciplinarity assuming it is a key factor on discovering public knowledge, (2) Promote, develop and maintain the communication between elements of a knowledge community; and (3) Narrow, the gaps and integrate as much as possible, formal and informal communication. In this paper we present our research project on online publishing of a scientific journal, we discuss some issues related with knowledge communities and scholarly communication, and we propose a set of characteristics an online scientific publication should have in order to accomplish the aforementioned goals

Enseñanza y aprendizaje de la práctica basada en evidencias en los cursos de Enfermería y Medicina

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o relato de uma experiência pedagógica de desenvolvimento dos três elementos da prática baseada em evidências (PBE). O trabalho foi realizado com estudantes dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem de duas universidades, uma pública e uma comunitária, do Sul do Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que essa ação apresentou elevado potencial para motivar uma postura mais ativa dos estudantes diante da aquisição de conhecimentos, além da aproximação com o contexto dos serviços de saúde.This article reports on a pedagogical experience to develop the three elements of the Evidence-based Practice (prática baseada em evidências or PBE, in Portuguese). The initiative involved students in Medical and Nursing training from two universities, a state funded and a community one, in Southern Brazil. Results show that this action demonstrates high potential to elicit a more pro-active attitude from students in the process of knowledge acquisition, in addition to the approach with the context of the health services.Este artículo presenta el relato de una experiencia pedagógica de desarrollo de los tres elementos de la Práctica Basada en Evidencias (PBE). El trabajo se realizó con estudiantes de Medicina y Enfermería de dos universidades, una pública y una comunitaria, del Sur de Brasil. Los resultados mostraron que esta acción presentó un alto potencial para motivar una actitud más activa de los estudiantes ante la adquisición de conocimientos, además del acercamiento con el contexto de los servicios de salud

Picturing inequities for health impact assessment : linked electronic records, mortality and regional disparities in Portugal

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupHealth impact assessment (HIA) focuses on minimizing inequities when studying the effects of a policy on the population’s health. Nevertheless, it is seldom simultaneously quantified, multivariate, and visually graphically comprehensible for non-statisticians. This paper aims to address that gap, assessing a policy promoting the quality of Electronic Health Records, linking hospital and primary health care data (Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index) to mortality outcomes and regional inequities. Acute Myocardial Infarction patients admitted in the hospital are then followed regularly in Portuguese NHS Primary Care. Regional disparities regarding recorded information are observed and different association patterns with mortality identified, ranked, and visualized through adjusted ORs for sex, age, and indicators of severity of hospital admission, complemented with multivariate correspondence analysis. A pathway to handling equity within quantitative HIA shows that complexity in data and methods may generate simplicity and clarity through visual graphical aids. Tackling Big Data with Data Science in HIA may even be at the center of future health reforms, assessing impacts of health promotion and chronic disease policies.This work was partially supported by the CUTEHeart Project – Comparative Use of Technologies for Coronary Heart Disease, funded by FCT, QREN, COMPETE [grant number HMSP-ICT/0013/2011] (http://cuteheart.med.up.pt).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ESTACIONALIDADE E A PRODUÇÃO DE OÓCITOS E EMBRIÕES in vitro EM VACAS GIR LEITEIRO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL

The reproductive performance of B.taurus embryo donors is affected in many tropical and temperate countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the climatic conditions of summer and winter climatic conditions on the production of oocytes and in vitro embryos in dairy cows of the breed Gir Leiteiro (Bos indicus) at farms in Southeast of the Brazil. The variable answers evaluated were the total oocytes recovered (TO) and percentage of viable oocytes over the total (PVO); embryo production (EP) and percentage of embryos in viable oocytes (PE) over the total of structures recovered by follicular aspiration guided by ultrasonography (OPU). The oocytes analyzed were obtained from 10 herds and 153 pubertal donors of different ages and orders of parturition. The average from 380 ovum pick up (OPU) during summer were: TO=14.8; PVO=12.6; EP=3.4; PE=22.3%, and TO=13.4; PVO=10.8; EP=3.5; PE=26.1%, with variation coefficient of up to 84%, and no differences evaluated through the Kruscal Wallis (p<0.05). Only the percentage of viable oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in the summer period (PVO=84.4 vs. 80.0%). However, the embryo production (IVEP) was similar in both seasons (summer and winter). Therefore, we could conclude that the embryo production of Dairy Gir cows in Southeast of the Brazil was not affected by weather seasonality.A eficiência reprodutiva de doadoras de embriões Bos taurus é afetada pelas estações devido ao estresse calórico em países de clima tropical e temperado. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito das condições climáticas de verão e inverno na produção de oócitos e embriões in vitro na raça Gir Leiteiro (Bos indicus) em fazendas da região Sudeste do Brasil. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: total de oócitos recuperados (OT), oócitos viáveis (OV) e percentual de oócitos viáveis sobre o total (POV); embriões produzidos (EP) e percentual de embriões produzidos (PEP) sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas pela aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassonografia (OPU). Os oócitos foram obtidos de 153 doadoras pluríparas de diferentes idades e ordens de parição de 10 rebanhos. As médias obtidas em 380 aspirações foliculares (OPU) nos meses de verão foram: OT=14,8; OV=12,6; EP= 3,4; PEP=22,3%, e no inverno de OT=13,4; OV=10,8; EP=3,5; PEP=26,1%, apresentando coeficiente de variação de até 84%, porém sem diferença estatísticas (p<0,05) entre estes períodos, utilizando-se o teste de Kruscal Wallis (p<0,05). Apenas a percentagem de oócitos viáveis foi maior (p<0,05) no período de verão (POV=84,4 vs. 80,0%), contudo, o total de embriões PIVE foi semelhante nos dois períodos. Conclui-se que a produção de embriões da raça Gir Leiteiro, criadas na região Sudeste do Brasil, não foi afetada pela sazonalidade climática

INCIDÊNCIA DE ERVAS DANINHAS E ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO EM UM AGROSSISTEMA DA PRÉ-AMAZÔNIA, SOB EFEITO DA COBERTURA MORTA DE DIFERENTES COMBINAÇÕES DE LEGUMINOSAS EM ALÉIAS

In humid tropical land-use systems weed diversity and aggressiveness are extremely high, posing serious limitations to no-tillage agriculture. This paper investigates the effects of combining low- and high-quality organic residues on weed abundance and biomass and selected soil quality indicators. For this purpose, a field experiment was installed in January 2002 on-station at Maranhao State University, comprising four legume species: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard and Acacia mangium Willd., resulting in the following treatments in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications: L.leucocephala + C.cajan; A.mangium + C.cajan; C.fairchildiana + L.leucocephala; L.leucocephala + A.mangium and control (no legumes). Sampling was conducted in 2005 and 2007. We determined weed abundance and biomass, and N, P, K, Ca, lignin e polyphenol contents of the residues. In the topsoil we determined pH, the contents of organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, and H+Al, and soil density, total porosity and aeration capacity. We conclude that aggressiveness of weeds can be reduced and at the same time soil fertility can be improved with alley-cropping systems which contain the combination of both high- and low-quality residue producing plants.Nos agrossistemas do trópico úmido a variedade e a agressividade das ervas daninhas, são muito grandes, o que dificulta a adoção do plantio direto. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de resíduos resultante de diferentes combinações de leguminosas em aléias, sobre a densidade e biomassa de ervas daninhas e alguns atributos do solo. O experimento foi instalado em janeiro de 2002 no campus da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), com as leguminosas: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.) (leucena),  Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) (guandu), Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard (sombreiro) e Acacia mangium Willd. (acácia), formando os tratamentos: Sombreiro + Guandu; Leucena + Guandu; Acácia + Guandu; Sombreiro + Leucena; Leucena + Acácia e Testemunha. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As amostragens foram realizadas em 2005 e 2007.  Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, lignina e polifenol nos resíduos, o pH, matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, densidade, porosidade total e capacidade de aeração no solo, e a abundância e a biomassa das ervas. Concluiu-se que quando as aléias foram combinadas de forma a permitir aplicação de baixa e alta qualidade de resíduos, houve diminuição na ocorrência e agressividade das ervas daninhas, ao mesmo tempo em que foi melhorada a fertilidade do solo

Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos em Alagoas de 2020 a 2023

Introdução:Os incidentes resultantes da interação com animais venenosos representam um desafio significativo para a saúde pública, contribuindo para um considerável número de problemas de saúde em todo o mundo. A pesquisa sobre esse assunto é limitada em Alagoas, destacando a urgência de investigar esses incidentes, pois são essenciais para orientar as estratégias de vigilância tanto epidemiológica quanto ambiental. Objetivo: Descrever  o  perfil epidemiológico  dos  acidentes  com  animais  peçonhentos  no Estado  de  Alagoas, entre 2020 a 2023. Metodologia: Este estudo adotou uma abordagem ecológica e descritiva, com foco quantitativo. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, vinculado ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, referentes aos casos notificados de acidentes com animais peçonhentos entre os anos de 2020 e 2023 em Alagoas. Resultados:Houve um total de 51.656 notificações de acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos em Alagoas.Os principais responsáveis por incidentes foram os Escorpiões, com uma incidência de 84,08%, ainda 45,06% eram mulheres. Conclusão:A importância dos incidentes envolvendo animais venenosos destaca a necessidade de um planejamento abrangente, envolvendo medidas coordenadas de vigilância epidemiológica em conjunto com agências ambientais, visando a redução do número de fatalidades

Reutilization of Clinical Data for Research: The Footprint Scientific Model of the Hospital Center of São João

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Sustainable Organic Garden in poor community in Santana de Parnaiba

The organic garden is based on clean and sustainable technologies without the use of any pesticides. Every day people are more and more concerned about their physical well-being, therefore they also try to feed themselves with healthier and natural products. The garden was set up in the premises of Rainha da Paz. We used organic seeds and plants supplied by producers and these were planted in prepared soil with compost material. The aim of this project was to create an organic garden and composting, allowing the use of small spaces and reuse of materials that would be discarded in nature. At the same time we will enable the teenagers and all the staff of the institution to be aware of the necessity and challenges in building a healthier planet, through free training of the disadvantaged community. The first harvest occurred in June, when we started to use the vegetables in the food preparation given to children. At the same time we offered cooking workshop to mothers, who started to include them in their diet and also initiated domestic planting. The organic garden and the workshop enabled mothers to broaden their knowledge and actions in relation to tillage and the use of plants for nutritional purposes to maintain the children's well-being

Horta de plantas medicinais para uso terapêutico e nutricional

A Organização Mundial da Saúde estima que quase 85 % da medicina tradicional envolve o uso de plantas medicinais, seus extratos vegetais e seus princípios ativos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi criar uma horta de plantas medicinais nas instalações de uma Associação Beneficente, Santana de Parnaíba, São Paulo e ensinar às mães como plantar, colher, preparar e ministrar os chás. Foi realizado o plantio de 11 plantas medicinais de consonância com a regulamentação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, para uso terapêutico e nutricional. Até o presente momento foi realizado o primeiro mutirão da saúde, onde foi oferecido chá de hortelã e um folder explicativo como modo de preparo e no mês de maio/2014, a semana de saúde e beleza, onde oferecemos chá de manjericão e pesto. Ressalto que os participantes apresentaram elevada aceitabilidade, avaliando como excelente, pois os mesmos são de fácil preparo e sabor muito agradável

Are General Physicians Prepared for Struggling Skin Cancer?—Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of general practitioners (GP) in selecting higher risk population for skin cancer screening. GP’s training was organized to examine a specific high risk population consisting mainly of fisherman and farmers in a city of North of Portugal. Health care professionals of local health units training was performed by two dermatologists 2 months before the screening. During 8 weeks GPs selected patients with skin cancer suspicious lesions and/or risk factors consecutively from their regular consultation. These selected patients were referred to a dermatologist evaluation. Six dermatologists using manual dermoscopy examined the previously selected patients. One hundred eight patients have been screened, 35 % of which were males and 65 % females, with a mean age of 54 years. Full skin evaluation by dermatologists revealed 31 % of actinic keratosis, 5 % of leucoplasia, 7 % of basal cell carcinoma, 8 % of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 % of melanoma. Cohen’s kappa coefficient between dermatologist and GPs was 0.18. Selective screening with collaboration of GPs allowed the detection of more cases of skin cancer than the nonselective screenings in the literature. Although the diagnostic agreement between GPs and dermatologists was not good, our results indicate that active collaboration of dermatologists with primary health care units for selective skin cancer screening, including post graduated courses on their own health units, can be a way of optimizing early detection of cutaneous pre malignant and malignant lesions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe