EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOURS AND JOB SATISFACTION AT THE LIBYAN PETROCHEMICAL COMPANIES

Abstract The ever-changing complex business environment has created a need for leaders who can meet the demands and challenges of organisations who are grappling with the new organisational climate, with a real need for improved productivity and competitive performance in order to survive. To achieve this target, it is imperative for both leaders and organisations to change their way of thinking to foster and sustain the motivation and satisfaction levels of their employees for maintaining their competitive edge. This research, hence, aims to explore the relationship between leaders’ leadership behaviours and employees’ level of job satisfaction in two petrochemical companies in Libya: Raslanuf Oil and Gas Processing Company (Rasco) and Harouge Oil Operations Company. The relationship between these two variables and the selected demographic characteristics of the employees - namely age, gender, marital status, number of dependents, job grade, job classification, educational qualifications and tenure - were examined. It should be noted that the literature survey indicates that no previous research conducted on the nexus between the leadership behaviour and its impact on the level of job satisfaction of Libya’s petrochemical companies’ employees. This lack of empirical research, hence, was the primary motivator for this study. The study employed Avolio and Bass (1991) full range of leadership theory (transformational, transactional and lassiez-faire) to determine the leadership behaviours in these two companies. In addition, Herzberg’s job satisfaction theory (1959) which is based on the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) was utilised to measure the level of job satisfaction of employees in the mentioned companies. Structured questionnaires in the form of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (1995) to measure leadership and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSS) by Spector (1997) to measure the level of job satisfaction, were employed as the data collection methods. The sampling frame was comprised of 70 of the 340 leaders, and 280 of the 3481 followers at Rasco Company, and 40 of the 120 leaders and 110 of the 1480 followers for Harouge Company. The study generated an 86.12% response rate (96% for Rasco and 76.25% for Harouge) with 451 participants (110 leaders and 354 followers) who worked at these two Companies at the time of the questionnaire administration. The collected data were computed and analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis to explore the relationships between these variables in a systematic manner. The research findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership dimensions, especially the two dimensions of individual consideration and intellectual stimulation behaviours, and employees’ job satisfaction levels within the two companies. The findings demonstrate that the leaders tend to be perceived by their employees as demonstrating transactional and laissez-faire leadership behaviour more often than transformational behaviour in the case of the two companies analysed. It should, however, be noted that the exercise of a degree of transformational leadership behaviour by leaders was much lower than employees’ expectations showed. There was also a significant association between the employees’ job satisfaction level (which is significantly higher in Rasco than at Harouge), and operation conditions, nature of work, fringe benefits, supervision and communication. Demographic characteristics are further identified as non contributors to the level of job satisfaction

Requirement Model Of Information Portal For Azizia University

The primary purpose of this study is to allow students and lecturers to communicate through long distances. Students normally have to go to the university to get the information or announcements. This way to get information has many problems for students who live far from the university. This project is aimed at the development of information portal system that will allow students to get information and lecturers announcements from any where in any time

Futuristic Smart Solutions for People of Determination in Schools and Universities

In this project, future smart solutions for people of determination in schools and universities were discussed. The background was presented on the topic, as the issue of integrating people of determination in schools and then integrating them into society still takes a wide range of societal, family, and institutional attention, and it undoubtedly deserves much attention that befits this dear group in our society. The literature has shown the existence of previous studies and applications similar to those proposed in the project, which sought within the framework of this advanced vision to enable people of determination to provide quality services that meet their healthcare and rehabilitation requirements, and to provide an educational and educational system that ensures their full integration into society, and ensures their access to the same opportunities of education as their peers in various educational institutions, qualifying them to obtain employment opportunities appropriate to their potential (Augusto, Kramer, Alegre, Covaci, & Santokhee, 2018). The methods related for gathering information and data collection for this study will include a three-step approach wherein the first step is to design a set of structured open-ended questions that are answered from previous experience, knowledge gathered during field visits to schools and universities that the researchers (we) undertook of during the graduation years. The second step involves situation analyses of the general map of a public school in UAE followed by a design of a new map that contains the layout of a smart center for people of determination and is to be placed within the school premises along with a budget plan for the new ICT lab specifically for the people of determination. Then the third step is the analysis of data using SPSS. The result of this project will show the level of awareness of the UAE educational institutions and its staff in using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the gap that exists in the UAE education process in the information technology context. It will represent the real situation that the people of determination live in their academic life, this attempt to enhance it. The importance of ICT lies in its ability to open a wide range of services, transform existing services, and create greater demand for access to information and knowledge, particularly in underserved and excluded populations, such as persons with disabilities. The ICT opportunity for persons with disabilities can be better assessed by analyzing how each type of access technology contributes to the different dimensions involved in the social and economic inclusion of persons with disabilities (Lawrence,2004). The main benefit that this project would generate is to increase the teachers’ and principals’ awareness of the new technologies, devices. Such as e-Braille, smart elevators programmed with face ID, and virtual assistants (Blindness students). Robots to enhance communication for people with autism. The application between the guardian of the people of determination and the teacher to follow up everything related to behavior, degree, and development. A smart wheelchair that contains emergency buttons connected to the nurse and administration. Methods that can be used in the educational process will direct the people of determination and the normal students as well. These questions provide several suggestions to be used in the educational institution. Without conducting this project, the educational institutions, principals, and teachers will not know the state of the art in modern methods and tools that can be indulged in used to enhance its education system remains lagging behind the other countries if they don’t think of improving their systems using these suggestions and ideas that we generated from our literature review

Developing a Secure and Trusted E-Voting System for Libyan Elections

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the issues and problems in the current Libyan voting system, and to develop a secure e-voting prototype system associated with the Libyan electoral system and the laws and legislation governing.   Theoretical framework: E-voting systems allow greater participation of eligible voters to cast their vote remotely or any location that the voter could be during election.   Design/methodology/approach: This study used mixed methodology. A qualitative method via interview would be used to collect qualitative data from citizens and election staff to determine functionalities and features of the proposed system. Using Semi-structured interviews with ten eligible voters, election officials. While a quantitative study conducted to evaluate users and elections of officials to determine how the systems fulfils the requirements and their expectations, to determine if the prototype proposed system offers practical solution to the Libyan voters and if the functionalities of the system fulfil the requirement gathered at the problem definition stage. The second prototype was regarded as meeting the key functional and non-functional requirement and ease of use criteria by users. After fixing the concerns found during the first prototype's evaluation in terms of the requirement criteria. The criterion for ease of use were met.   Findings: As a result, 87% of the evaluators indicated that they would adopt the system if it was introduced. Whereas 87% of the evaluators suggested that they would recommend the E-Voting system to their friends, colleagues, and Libyan Election Council.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Following the trial of the second prototype, the evaluators proposed that the Libyan E-Voting System (L-EVS) would assist them enable them to exercise their election rights.   Originality/value: Concerns and issues from previous political elections have spawned over numerous studies regarding voter confidentiality, voting security, and voting accuracy

Organizational influence systems as a function for strategy building: An applied study in Jordanian economic sectors

The study aims to identify the reasons driving internal and external entrepreneurs to use their power to produce the intended effects in organizations, and how this power affects the methods of building strategies they seek to use, based on Mintzberg’s theoretical assumptions. The research was conducted in 90 large Jordanian companies operating in finance, industry and service sectors. Data were collected from 204 managers using a questionnaire with a high degree of validity and reliability. Analysis and interpretation of the results proved that much of the organizational power held by the head of a company and top management was due to the dominance of the personal, bureaucratic, centralized and formal control systems. As a result, the classical tendency to build strategy in the planning and integrative forms was firmly established, and the participatory and democratic methods in their bargaining and adaptive forms retreated. Based on the results, the researched companies were recommended to design balanced power structures to shift the methods of strategy building from the classical tendency represented by the control of top management and external coalition to the modern tendency represented by integrating workers in democratic ways

Storage Sites for Carbon Dioxide in the North Sea and Their Particular Characteristics

This paper reviews and evaluates work on the structural complexity of the potential carbon dioxide storage sites in the North Sea, including the nature of the reservoir structures, the reservoir rocks, the presence of inter-layers, faults, and fractures, and how these factors influence carbon dioxide capacity. In particular, the review emphasises the significance of studying caprocks in detail, not just the reservoir rock’s carbon dioxide storage capacity. This work also particularly considers reservoir simulation work on North Sea sites and illustrates the importance of using fully coupled flow–geomechanical–geochemical modelling to ensure that complex feedback and synergistic effects are not missed. It includes comparisons with other sites where relevant. It also discusses recent challenges and controversies that have arisen from simulations of sequestration in North Sea reservoirs and the need for comprehensive field data to resolve these issues

Epigenetics and Cartilage Regeneration

Regenerative cartilage therapy has great potential for the treatment of debilitating diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have enabled us to understand more clearly the role of micro RNAs, DNA methylations and histone modification in disease progression, as well as its potential role in disease prevention. However, a thorough understanding of the external dietary and environmental factors that could affect the epigenetic events could be the key to unravelling novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. There is, therefore, a need for identifying certain dietary or environmental factors that could change this downward epigenetics signalling cascade, stop or retard cartilage degradation and promote cartilage regeneration

CFD study to improve PV cell performance by forced air: Modern design

A theoretical study was conducted on the performance of photovoltaic cells by forced airflow on the cell base. The study was conducted using numerical simulation software (ANSYS- cfx) to select the best model for its manufacture. The simulation results showed that the air guides model is the best, directing the largest amount of air to the base of the cell and the lowest cost and available in local markets. Air guides shall be installed inside an aluminum channel fixed to the bottom of the cell base and the channel dimensions shall be selected according to the dimensions of the photovoltaic cell to be cooled. A numerical study determine the best number and best location of the air guides inside the duct channel and the tilt angle of air guides and showed that the optimum number of pneumatic guides is (18) in a position (70 mm) from the base of the channel and at a 45-mile angle with the horizon

Intégration structurelle d'antennes dans la carrosserie des véhicules

This thesis work was funded by a CIFRE contract. It was done in collaboration between Renault Software Labs and the Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), both based in Sophia Antipolis. With the evolution of wireless technologies and the increasing demand for antenna systems, many challenges arise in the automotive field. Indeed, it is facing a proliferation of wireless communication systems in vehicles. In order to reduce the number of radiating elements, the demand for multi-standard systems is increasing. New technologies with specific antenna constraints like MIMO are now required in vehicles as well. It is therefore difficult to extrapolate the solutions obtained to different types of vehicles. The result is an increased design and integration effort, which is repeated for every new model. This dissertation consists of integrating antennas into the body of the vehicle in an original way from the manufacturing stage, while respecting its aesthetics. GNSS and cellular (GSM, 4G LTE and 5G sub-6) bands were considered. In the first part, an element of the vehicle was selected for the integration according to antenna specific needs, in other words the best location for its application. Then several models for GNSS antenna were designed, presented, and compared to a ceramic industrial antenna integrated in the selected part. The results of the designed antennas were promising compared to the industrial one. In the second and third parts, cellular telecommunication antennas have been proposed, several studies were presented to choose the most compatible antenna for the integration. A 2x2 MIMO system, then created from the association of the antennas studied, showed good performance. Finally, this system was mounted on a Zoe, and measured at the Renault Technical Center in Aubevoye (CTA).Ce travail de thèse a été financé par un contrat CIFRE. Il a été réalisé en collaboration entre Renault Software Factory et le Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), tous deux basés à Sophia Antipolis. Avec l'évolution des technologies sans fil et la demande croissante de systèmes antennaires, de nombreux défis se posent dans le domaine automobile. En effet, il doit désormais faire face à une multiplication des systèmes de communication sans fil dans les véhicules. Afin de réduire le nombre d'éléments rayonnants, la demande en systèmes multistandards est de plus en plus croissante. De nouvelles technologies avec des contraintes d'antennes spécifiques comme le MIMO sont désormais également requises dans les véhicules. Mais il est difficile d'extrapoler les solutions obtenues à différents types de véhicules. Le résultat est un effort de conception et d'intégration accru, qui se répète pour chaque nouveau modèle. Ce mémoire décrit comment intégrer des antennes dans la carrosserie du véhicule de manière originale dès la fabrication, tout en respectant son esthétique. Les bandes GNSS et cellulaires (GSM, 4G LTE et 5G sub-6) ont été considérés. Dans une première partie, un élément du véhicule a été sélectionné pour l'intégration en fonction des besoins spécifiques de l'antenne, autrement dit le meilleur emplacement pour son application. Puis plusieurs modèles d'antenne GNSS ont été conçus, présentés, et comparés à une antenne industrielle en céramique intégrée dans la pièce sélectionnée. Les résultats des antennes conçues sont prometteurs par rapport à l'antenne industrielle commercialisée. Dans la deuxième et la troisième partie sont traitées les antennes pour télécommunications cellulaires. Plusieurs études ont été présentées pour pouvoir choisir l'antenne la plus compatible pour l'intégration. Un système MIMO 2x2 a ensuite été créé par l'association des antennes étudiées et a montré de bonnes performances. Enfin, ce système a été monté sur une Zoé, et mesuré au Centre Technique Renault d'Aubevoye (CTA)

Structural integration of antennas into the vehicle body

Ce travail de thèse a été financé par un contrat CIFRE. Il a été réalisé en collaboration entre Renault Software Factory et le Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), tous deux basés à Sophia Antipolis. Avec l'évolution des technologies sans fil et la demande croissante de systèmes antennaires, de nombreux défis se posent dans le domaine automobile. En effet, il doit désormais faire face à une multiplication des systèmes de communication sans fil dans les véhicules. Afin de réduire le nombre d'éléments rayonnants, la demande en systèmes multistandards est de plus en plus croissante. De nouvelles technologies avec des contraintes d'antennes spécifiques comme le MIMO sont désormais également requises dans les véhicules. Mais il est difficile d'extrapoler les solutions obtenues à différents types de véhicules. Le résultat est un effort de conception et d'intégration accru, qui se répète pour chaque nouveau modèle. Ce mémoire décrit comment intégrer des antennes dans la carrosserie du véhicule de manière originale dès la fabrication, tout en respectant son esthétique. Les bandes GNSS et cellulaires (GSM, 4G LTE et 5G sub-6) ont été considérés. Dans une première partie, un élément du véhicule a été sélectionné pour l'intégration en fonction des besoins spécifiques de l'antenne, autrement dit le meilleur emplacement pour son application. Puis plusieurs modèles d'antenne GNSS ont été conçus, présentés, et comparés à une antenne industrielle en céramique intégrée dans la pièce sélectionnée. Les résultats des antennes conçues sont prometteurs par rapport à l'antenne industrielle commercialisée. Dans la deuxième et la troisième partie sont traitées les antennes pour télécommunications cellulaires. Plusieurs études ont été présentées pour pouvoir choisir l'antenne la plus compatible pour l'intégration. Un système MIMO 2x2 a ensuite été créé par l'association des antennes étudiées et a montré de bonnes performances. Enfin, ce système a été monté sur une Zoé, et mesuré au Centre Technique Renault d'Aubevoye (CTA).This thesis work was funded by a CIFRE contract. It was done in collaboration between Renault Software Labs and the Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), both based in Sophia Antipolis. With the evolution of wireless technologies and the increasing demand for antenna systems, many challenges arise in the automotive field. Indeed, it is facing a proliferation of wireless communication systems in vehicles. In order to reduce the number of radiating elements, the demand for multi-standard systems is increasing. New technologies with specific antenna constraints like MIMO are now required in vehicles as well. It is therefore difficult to extrapolate the solutions obtained to different types of vehicles. The result is an increased design and integration effort, which is repeated for every new model. This dissertation consists of integrating antennas into the body of the vehicle in an original way from the manufacturing stage, while respecting its aesthetics. GNSS and cellular (GSM, 4G LTE and 5G sub-6) bands were considered. In the first part, an element of the vehicle was selected for the integration according to antenna specific needs, in other words the best location for its application. Then several models for GNSS antenna were designed, presented, and compared to a ceramic industrial antenna integrated in the selected part. The results of the designed antennas were promising compared to the industrial one. In the second and third parts, cellular telecommunication antennas have been proposed, several studies were presented to choose the most compatible antenna for the integration. A 2x2 MIMO system, then created from the association of the antennas studied, showed good performance. Finally, this system was mounted on a Zoe, and measured at the Renault Technical Center in Aubevoye (CTA)