Alcohol Use Disorders And Antiretroviral Therapy Among Prisoners With Hiv/aids In Argentina

While Argentina has significantly improved access to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for both the general population and prisoners, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among HIV-infected prisoners and their relationship to accessing ART in Argentina is currently unknown. This study aims to characterize the substance abuse patterns of HIV-infected prisoners in Argentina and to assess the independent correlates of receipt of pre-incarceration ART. An anonymous, cross-sectional survey of 100 HIV-infected federal prisoners was conducted in the Buenos Aires municipality from July-December 2010. AUDs were assessed using the AUDIT scale. A majority (63 per cent) of participants met criteria for AUDs, 45 per cent of subjects were diagnosed with HIV in prison and one-quarter had initiated ART during the current incarceration. In addition, over one-third (35 per cent) of participants did not receive ART during the pre-incarceration period despite receiving it upon incarceration. This correlated significantly with the presence of having an AUD (AOR 0.20, 95 per cent CI 0.06-0.74, p = 0.016). AUDs are prevalent among HIV-infected prisoners in Argentina and are significantly related to not receiving ART in the community among those who meet treatment criteria and receive ART in prison. While Argentina has provided an exemplary model of HIV-related health care reform within its prisons, future efforts to provide screening and treatment for AUDs are needed to improve the health of the nation\u27s incarcerated population

Being Black in Maine\u27 webinar offered by Greater Bangor Area Branch NAACP, UMaine Alumni Association for Martin Luther King Day

In recognition of Martin Luther King Day, a free online public webinar, “Being Black in Maine: Lived Experience and the Prospect for Change,” will be livestreamed on YouTube on Jan. 18 from 5 to 6:15 p.m. The webinar, co-sponsored by the Greater Bangor Area Branch NAACP and the University of Maine Alumni Association, will include a sustained panel discussion, relevant short presentations and a special announcement of a new civil rights speaker series

Ageing: A Dialogue

In April 2021, longing to learn first-hand about ageing philosophically, Valery Vino reached out to the legendary Arnold Berleant (who was 89 at the time of writing), to see whether he might be interested in recording a dialogue to this theme, with a companion of his choice. Berleant selected his ideal collaborator Michael Alpert, book designer and collector, poet, senior, and treasured friend. Over the following six months, a rich tapestry of leisurely reading, contemplation and discussion unfolded, culminating in an unrehearsed, free-flowing conversation about ageing, which has been recorded, lightly edited and offered here for readers to share

Automatic Large Scale Detection of Red Palm Weevil Infestation using Aerial and Street View Images

The spread of the Red Palm Weevil has dramatically affected date growers, homeowners and governments, forcing them to deal with a constant threat to their palm trees. Early detection of palm tree infestation has been proven to be critical in order to allow treatment that may save trees from irreversible damage, and is most commonly performed by local physical access for individual tree monitoring. Here, we present a novel method for surveillance of Red Palm Weevil infested palm trees utilizing state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, with aerial and street-level imagery data. To detect infested palm trees we analyzed over 100,000 aerial and street-images, mapping the location of palm trees in urban areas. Using this procedure, we discovered and verified infested palm trees at various locations

Operaciones secretas inglesas en España durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial

Aigunos miembros de los servicios ingleses de Información involucrados en la Guerra Civil, sobre todo Kim Philby y el capitán de Navio Hillgarth, siguieron ocupando cargos de importancia en los servicios secretos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las principales actividades de los servicios secretos ingleses en España incluían preservar la seguridad de Gibraltar, contrarrestar el trabajo de los agentes alemanes en el Estrecho, y desenmascarar a los espías españoles dirigidos por el Abwehr. Este artículo se ocupa especialmente de las dificultades de organizar el trabajo del llamado Special Operations Executive, en relación con la planificación de actividades guerrilleras y de sabotajes en caso de una ocupación de España por fuerzas militares alemanas.British specialists such as Kim Philby and Captain Alan Hillgarth, who had been involved in Intelligence services during the Spanish Civil War, contributed to the activities of the British Secret Services in Spain during the Second World War. Their main activities included the security of Gibraltar, counteracting German Intelligence in the Straits, and unmasking Spanish agents controlled by the Abwehr. This article concentrates on the particular difficulties of organising the work of the Special Operations Executive and its plans for guerrilla-type activity in the case of a German military occupation of Spain, whose neutrality, in the view of Great Britain, had to be carefully preserved

Una trompeta lejana. Las Brigadas Internacionales en la guerra de España : una reconsideración sesenta años después

Sin pretender ser una historia de las brigadas Internacionales en la Guerra Civil Española de 1936-1939, este trabajo se propone examinar ciertos aspectos míticos asociados con las BB.II, en especial la cuestión de su eficacia la experiencia militar de sus jefes. Llega a la conclusión que, aunque el valor y el autosacrificio de los internacionales son innegables, y pese a que se les empleaba a menudo a las BB.II como fuerzas de choque, su presencia en las fuerzas gubernamentales no pasaba de tener una ejemplaridad moral.This article is not a history of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 - 1939. It tries to investigate certain persistent myths about the Brigades, in particular the question of their efficiency and the military expertise of their leaders. It concludes that, although the heroism and the self - sacrifice of the Brigades are undeniable, and despite their function as the vanguard in many of the batties, their presence in the Army of the Spanish Republic had a moral influence which far outweighed any military significance

Actitudes sefardíes del siglo XIX y pensamiento sansimoniano reflejados en las carreras de Emile e Isaac Péreire, fundadores del Crédit Mobilier

The brothers Emile and Isaac Péreire were born at the beginning of the 19th century in the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community of Bordeaux, at a time when French Jews were moving towards full integration with society. They had been brought up in a Sephardi educational tradition reformed in the context of the Enlightenment. Consequently, they found their own views reflected in the Saint-Simonian movement and subscribed to its principles throughout their career, which they devoted to industrial progress on the basis of the prosperity of the small saver.Los hermanos Emile e Isaac Péreire nacieron al principio del siglo XIX en la comunidad judeo-portuguesa de Burdeos en una época en que los judíos de Francia avanzaban hacia la plena integración en la sociedad civil. Los Péreire eran herederos de una educación sefardí que se limitaba a aquellos aspectos de la tradición y la religión judías compatibles con las ideas de la Ilustración. Por consiguiente, los Péreire encontraron un eco de su visión íntima en el sansimonianismo, cuyos principios mantuvieron durante toda su vida, dedicada al progreso industrial a base del enriquecimiento del pequeño inversor

Antibodies in Vaccine Protection against SIV and HIV-1 Infection

The properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and its simian counterpart SIV that enable persistent replication in the face of robust cellular, antibody, and innate immune responses have complicated efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccine protection against HIV-1 infection may require a combination of immune mechanisms. However, the types of immune responses that can be induced by vaccination to prevent HIV-1 infection remain unclear. The features of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) that confer inherent resistance to neutralization by antibodies also interfere with the development of antibody responses. We therefore vaccinated rhesus macaques with single-cycle SIV (scSIV) strains expressing Env proteins mutated to remove features that interfere with the induction of antibody responses. Antibodies capable of neutralizing Env-modified but not wild-type SIV were selectively enhanced. Identifying the immune responses underlying complete protection by live-attenuated SIV against pathogenic SIV challenge may provide guidance for HIV-1 vaccine design. To test the hypothesis that antibodies not measurable by assays for virus neutralization correlate with protection by live-attenuated SIV, we developed a novel assay for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC activity increased progressively over time after inoculation, and was measurable against viruses expressing heterologous Env proteins from independent SIV isolates when neutralization was undetectable. Two separate pathogenic $SIV_{mac}251$ challenge experiments took advantage of either the strain specificity or the time-dependent development of immunity to overcome complete protection by live-attenuated SIV. In both experiments, macaques inoculated with live-attenuated SIV that remained uninfected by $SIV_{mac}251$ had significantly higher ADCC activity than those that became infected. We also measured ADCC for the primary immune correlates analysis of a recent HIV-1 vaccine clinical trial in Thailand (RV144) that reported modest vaccine protection (31%). There was a nonsignificant trend towards lower risk of infection among vaccinees with high versus low relative ADCC activity. However, Env-specific IgA correlated with risk, prompting an analysis stratified by IgA levels. Among vaccinees with low Env-specific IgA, there was lower risk of infection among those with higher ADCC activity. These observations suggest that antibodies that direct ADCC may contribute to vaccine protection against SIV and HIV-1 infection