Environmental assay on the effect of poultry manure application on soil organisms in agroecosystems

This paper reports the effects produced on the organisms of the soil (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (sawdust and straw bed) on an agricultural land. The test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, Multi-Species Soil System (MS3) developed in INIA. There was no difference in the germination for any of the three species of plants considered in the study. The biomass was increased in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) coming from ground treated with both kinds of poultry manure. Oilseed rape (Brasica rapa) was not affected and regarding vetch (Vicia sativa) only straw poultry manure showed significant difference. For length only Vicia sativa was affected showing a reduction when straw was exposed to poultry manure. When the effect on invertebrates was studied, we observed a reduction in the number of worms during the test, especially from the ground control (13.7%), higher than in the ground with sawdust poultry manure (6.7%), whereas in the ground with straw poultry manure, there was no reduction. The biomass was affected and at the end of the test it was observed that while the reduction of worms in the ground control was about 48%, the number of those that were in the ground with sawdust poultry manure or straw poultry manure decreased by 41% and 22% respectively. Finally, the effects on microorganisms showed that the enzymatic activities: dehydrogenase (DH) and phosphatase and basal respiration rate increased at the beginning of the test, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the values of the control group. During the test, all these parameters decreased (except DH activities) but they were always higher than in the ground control. This is why it is possible to deduce that the contribution of poultry manure caused an improvement in the conditions of fertilization and also for the soil

La comunicación adolescente en el mundo virtual: una experiencia de investigación educativa

En este trabajo presentamos una experiencia de investigación educativa llevada a cabo en un centro de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), cuya finalidad es conocer las problemáticas derivadas de la comunicación entre el alumnado del primer ciclo de secundaria dentro del mundo virtual, así como mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas involucradas en dicha problemática. El diseño del proceso de investigación empleado es emergente y su metodología mixta. El curso y necesidades de la investigación nos llevaron a comenzar un proceso de investigación-ación participante, en la que el propio alumnado y sus familiares formaron parte del proceso de cambio de las situaciones de riesgo a las que se enfrentan. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación muestran que en este centro educativo requieren de un proyecto de sensibilización del uso saludable de internet. En el cual la participación activa de toda la comunidad educativa es un pilar fundamental

Concurrencia de culpas en la responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración Pública

En este trabajo se analiza una cuestión relacionada con la responsabilidad patrimonial de las Administraciones Públicas. Concretamente se estudian algunos de los factores que pueden afectar al nexo causal que debe existir entre el funcionamiento normal o anormal de la Administración y los daños causados para que ésta pueda ser condenarla al pago de la indemnización correspondiente. Las causas que pueden interferir el nexo causal son la fuerza mayor, la actuación de otra Administración Pública distinta a la reclamada, el comportamiento del propio perjudicado, o el comportamiento de un tercero. Este enfoque del trabajo, a través del estudio de cómo los Tribunales resuelven problemas que carecen de regulación, contribuye a mejorar mi formación jurídica, pues me permite valorar la importancia de la jurisprudencia en la solución de problemas jurídicos para los que no hay norma específica aplicable. La metodología seguida ha consistido en un estudio del régimen general de la Responsabilidad Patrimonial de las Administraciones Públicas, para después estudiar la doctrina existente sobre esta materia. Posteriormente, se seleccionaron sentencias que se ocupaban de esta materia teniendo en cuenta que fueran, en la medida de lo posible, de la Sala de lo contencioso-administrativo del Tribunal Supremo y lo más recientes posibles, para proceder a su análisis e intentar encontrar la solución que al problema estudiado suelen dar los Tribunales.<br /

The archaeological sites of the sierra de Atapuerca. 150 years of explorations, excavations and science

En 2018 se cumplió el 150 aniversario de la publicación "Descripción con planos de la llamada Cueva de Atapuerca". Este es el primer libro de carácter científico sobre la Sierra de Atapuerca. Desde entonces, varios yacimientos de este territorio burgalés comenzaron a formar parte de los inventarios arqueológicos de nuestro país. Sin embargo, hubo que esperar hasta 1978 para que un joven equipo de arqueólogos, biólogos y geólogos comenzaran a trabajar de forma sistemática en estos yacimientos. Desde entonces, 1.500 personas, entre estudiantes, profesores e investigadores, han participado, verano tras verano, en las diferentes campañas de excavación. Hasta la actualidad se ha intervenido en 15 yacimientos que permiten estudiar la evolución de los grupos humanos en Europa Occidental desde hace más de un millón de años hasta nuestros días. Este trabajo de campo se ha materializado en un millar de publicaciones científicas que ha situado al Equipo de Investigaciones de Atapuerca a la cabeza de los estudios sobre Evolución Humana a nivel mundial. Conocer la evolución de estas investigaciones nos permite analizar cómo ha evolucionado la Arqueología sobre nuestros orígenes en España.2018 marked the 150th anniversary of the publication of "Descripción con planos de la llamada Cueva de Atapuerca". This was the first scientific book about the Sierra de Atapuerca. Since then, several sites in this territory located in Burgos began to form part of the archaeological inventories of Spain. However, it was not until that 1978 that a young team of archaeologists, biologists and geologists began working on these sites in systematic fashion. 1,500 people, including students, teachers and researchers, have participated summer after summer in the different excavation campaigns. To date, 15 sites have been explored, allowing for study of the evolution of human groups in Western Europe since over a million years ago. This fieldwork has materialized in a thousand scientific publications that have placed the Atapuerca Research Team at the forefront of worldwide studies on human evolution. Knowledge of the evolution of these investigations allows us to analyse the development of archeology in relation to our origins in Spain.Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de los proyectos de investigación CGL2012- 38434-C03-02, CGL201565387-C3-3-P, y PGC2018-093925-B-C31. Las excavaciones de los yacimientos de la Sierra de Atapuerca son financiadas por la Junta de Castilla y León y la Fundación Atapuerca

Assessment of inner retinal layers and choroidal thickness in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Choroid; Diabetic retinopathy; Ganglion cell layerCoroides; Retinopatía diabética; Capa de células ganglionaresCoroide; Retinopatia diabètica; Capa de cèl·lules ganglionàriesRecent studies have shown that retinal neurodegeneration may precede visible vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In addition, the relationship of choroidal thickness (CT) with DR stage is not well defined. To assess the inner retinal and choroidal structural changes in type 1 diabetic subjects (T1D), a cross-sectional study was conducted in 242 T1D patients and in 69 age-matched, non-diabetic individuals. The nasal retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was lower in T1D patients without DR (p < 0.001), with mild DR (p < 0.001), and with advanced DR (p < 0.001) compared to control subjects. The ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness was lower in T1D patients with advanced DR compared to those with mild DR (p = 0.003) and without DR (p < 0.001) and compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). T1D subjects with no DR and mild DR had higher CT than the control subjects, but the CT in T1D patients with advanced DR was lower (p = 0.038) than that in T1D subjects with mild DR and was not significantly different from that of the control subjects. In conclusion, T1D subjects showed a significant thinning of the nasal RNFL in the early stages of the disease, even before any vascular changes in the retina. A decrease in the GCL thickness during advanced DR stages was observed. Choroidal thickness was higher in T1D subjects without DR and in early DR stages but decreased in advanced stages.This research was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Carlos III National Institute of Health (PI12/0183 and PI15/0625) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM) is an initiative of ISCIII, Spain. The Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol is part of the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya

The role of the interactome in the maintenance of deleterious variability in human populations

Recent genomic projects have revealed the existence of an unexpectedly large amount of deleterious variability in the human genome. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such an apparently high mutational load. However, the mechanisms by which deleterious mutations in some genes cause a pathological effect but are apparently innocuous in other genes remain largely unknown. This study searched for deleterious variants in the 1,000 genomes populations, as well as in a newly sequenced population of 252 healthy Spanish indi-viduals. In addition, variants causative of monogenic diseases and somatic variants from 41 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients were analysed. The deleterious variants found were analysed in the context of the interactome to understand the role of network topology in the maintenance of the observe

Los yacimientos arqueológicos de la sierra de Atapuerca. 150 años de exploraciones, excavaciones y ciencia

En 2018 se cumplió el 150 aniversario de la publicación Descripción con planos de la llamada Cueva de Atapuerca. Este es el primer libro de carácter científico sobre la Sierra de Atapuerca. Desde entonces, varios yacimientos de este territorio burgalés comenzaron a formar parte de los inventarios arqueológicos de nuestro país. Sin embargo, hubo que esperar hasta 1978 para que un joven equipo de arqueólogos, biólogos y geólogos comenzaran a trabajar de forma sistemática en estos yacimientos. Desde entonces, 1.500 personas, entre estudiantes, profesores e investigadores, han participado, verano tras verano, en las diferentes campañas de excavación. Hasta la actualidad se ha intervenido en 15 yacimientos que permiten estudiar la evolución de los grupos humanos en Europa Occidental desde hace más de un millón de años hasta nuestros días. Este trabajo de campo se ha materializado en un millar de publicaciones científicas que ha situado al Equipo de Investigaciones de Atapuerca a la cabeza de los estudios sobre Evolución Humana a nivel mundial. Conocer la evolución de estas investigaciones nos permite analizar cómo ha evolucionado la Arqueología sobre nuestros orígenes en España

Involvement of a citrus meiotic recombination TTC-repeat motif in the formation of gross deletions generated by ionizing radiation and MULE activation

Background: Transposable-element mediated chromosomal rearrangements require the involvement of two transposons and two double-strand breaks (DSB) located in close proximity. In radiobiology, DSB proximity is also a major factor contributing to rearrangements. However, the whole issue of DSB proximity remains virtually unexplored. Results: Based on DNA sequencing analysis we show that the genomes of 2 derived mutations, Arrufatina (sport) and Nero (irradiation), share a similar 2 Mb deletion of chromosome 3. A 7 kb Mutator like element found in Clemenules was present in Arrufatina in inverted orientation flanking the 5&#39; end of the deletion. The Arrufatina Mule displayed &quot;dissimilar&quot; 9-bp target site duplications separated by 2 Mb. Fine-scale single nucleotide variant analyses of the deleted fragments identified a TTC-repeat sequence motif located in the center of the deletion responsible of a meiotic crossover detected in the citrus reference genome. Conclusions: Taken together, this information is compatible with the proposal that in both mutants, the TTC-repeat motif formed a triplex DNA structure generating a loop that brought in close proximity the originally distinct reactive ends. In Arrufatina, the loop brought the Mule ends nearby the 2 distinct insertion target sites and the inverted insertion of the transposable element between these target sites provoked the release of the in-between fragment. This proposal requires the involvement of a unique transposon and sheds light on the unresolved question of how two distinct sites become located in close proximity. These observations confer a crucial role to the TTC-repeats in fundamental plant processes as meiotic recombination and chromosomal rearrangements