Pattern of Strabismus in Children and Adolescents in Hail, KSA

Background: Strabismus (Squint), abnormal ocular alignment could occur constantly or intermittently. Double vision, poor vision or abnormal head positioning may accompany it. A child with squint may stop using the affected eye. This can lead to visual loss, which can become permanent unless treated early in childhood. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of squint, types and treatment characteristics in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. The study included 299 participants; 148 male and 151 female children and adolescents from 6 months to 19 years. The study period was from 1 January to 30 May 2018. Data collected by personal interview using a pre-designed questionnaire, which distributed among mothers of children and adolescents to be self-reported. Results: Squint found in 17.1% of the studied sample. Squint was right sided in 37.3% of the cases, left sided in also 37.3% and in both eyes in 25.5% of the studied cases. About half (47.1%) of cases had inward squint (esotropia) and 15.7% outward squint (exsotropia), 21.6% of the cases had Intermittent squint and 52.2% had permanent squint. In most (70.7%) of cases, squint affected the visual acuity. As regards treatment, 45.1% received medical treatment and 13.7% received surgical treatment. Only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. There was insignificant relation with sex, squint in parents, other hereditary diseases and consanguinity between parents (P>0.05). Conclusion: in this study, the prevalence of squint in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia was 17.1%. No significant difference between males and females. After treatment, only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. Health education of the public about importance of early treatment is mandatory. Keywords: Squint; strabismus; prevalence; types; Hail; Saudi Arabia

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231222341 – Supplemental material for Assessment of nursing knowledge and practice toward prevention of acquired infections in the emergency department of King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231222341 for Assessment of nursing knowledge and practice toward prevention of acquired infections in the emergency department of King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif by Fahad Sulaiman Althiyabi, Fares Mabrok Khuded, Fawaz Mohammed Alzaidi, Abdulmjeed Saleh Greeb Alswat, Fahad Suwaylih B Alotaibi, Wael Suwaylih B Alotaibi, Khalid Ibrahim A Alotaibi, Faisal Abdullah H Alshehri, Atallah Mesfer A Almutairi and Jamaan Aali Ahmed Alnathli in SAGE Open Medicine</p