708 research outputs found
Nationwide population-based cohort study of psychiatric disorders in individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility syndrome and their siblings
Background: To assess the risk of psychiatric disorders in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and hypermobility syndrome.
Methods: Nationwide population-based matched cohort study. EDS, hypermobility syndrome and psychiatric disorders
were identified through Swedish national registries. Individuals with EDS (n = 1,771) were matched with comparison
individuals (n = 17,710). Further, siblings to individuals with EDS who did not have an EDS diagnosis themselves were
compared with matched comparison siblings. Using conditional logistic regression, risk of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD), bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, attempted suicide, suicide
and schizophrenia were estimated. The same analyses were conducted in individuals with hypermobility syndrome
(n = 10,019) and their siblings.
Results: EDS was associated with ASD: risk ratio (RR) 7.4, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 5.2–10.7; bipolar disorder:
RR 2.7, CI 1.5–4.7; ADHD: RR 5.6, CI 4.2–7.4; depression: RR 3.4, 95 % CI 2.9–4.1; and attempted suicide: RR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.
7–2.7, but not with suicide or schizophrenia. EDS siblings were at increased risk of ADHD: RR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.4–3.3;
depression: RR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.1–1.8; and suicide attempt: RR 1.8, 95 % CI 1.4–2.3. Similar results were observed for
individuals with hypermobility syndrome and their siblings.
Conclusions: Individuals with EDS and hypermobility syndrome are at increased risks of being diagnosed with
psychiatric disorders. These risk increases may have a genetic and/or early environmental background as suggested by evidence showing that siblings to patients have elevated risks of certain psychiatric disorders.NonePublishe
Nanoscale characterization of an all-oxide core-shell nanorod heterojunction using intermodulation atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods
The electrical properties of an all-oxide core-shell ZnO-Co3O4nanorod heterojunction were studied in the dark and under UV-vis illumination. The contact potential difference and current distribution maps were obtained utilizing new methods in dynamic multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) such as electrostatic and conductive intermodulation AFM. Light irradiation modified the electrical properties of the nanorod heterojunction. The new techniques are able to follow the instantaneous local variation of the photocurrent, giving a two-dimensional (2D) map of the current-voltage curves and correlating the electrical and morphological features of the heterostructured core-shell nanorods
The Governance of Human (Germline) Genome Modification at the International and Transnational Levels
In this chapter, we review the key elements of the larger international and transnational framework within which the national legal regimes regulating human germline genome modification exist. Part I is a quick primer to international law and international human rights for the benefit of those who are not familiar with them. Part II presents the relevant norms of international bioethics law, including three main declarations adopted by UNESCO touching on human genome modification. It discusses also the relevant governance activities of the World Health Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and civil society, nationally and transnationally. Part III discusses relevant international human standards, and in particular the so-called ‘right to science’ and the ‘rights of science’. Finally, Part IV discusses how these rights can contribute to the emerging international regulatory framework. This chapter argues that, by itself, international bioethics law and its instruments provide a narrow and inadequate description of the range of human rights that must be taken into account in the conversation on the regulation of germline engineering. These instruments must be integrated with the broader international human rights law corpus. When they are integrated, five key principles emerge as foundations of the emerging regulatory framework: freedom of research; benefit sharing; solidarity; respect for dignity; and the obligation to respect and to protect the rights and individual freedoms of others
Developments in the field of clinical allergy in 2018 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Part II
In this article, we describe developments in the field of clinical allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2018; epidemiology, asthma and rhinitis, clinical allergy and allergens are all covered.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153257/1/cea13535.pd
Developments in the field of allergy in 2017 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146621/1/cea13318.pd
Familial liability for eating disorders and suicide attempts : evidence from a population registry in Sweden
Importance: Suicide attempts are common in individuals with eating disorders. More precise understanding of the mechanisms underlying their co-occurrence is needed.
Objective: To examine the association between eating disorders and suicide attempts and whether familial risk factors contribute to the association.
Design: A cohort design following a Swedish birth cohort 1979-2001 from age 6 until 31/12/2009.
Setting: Information was acquired from Swedish national registers.
Participants: Individuals born 1979-2001 and living in Sweden before age 6 (N= 2,268,786) were eligible for the study. Each individual was linked to his/her biological full-siblings, maternal half-siblings, paternal half-siblings, full-cousins, and half-cousins.
Eating disorders were captured by three variables: any eating disorder, anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), identified by any lifetime diagnoses recorded in the registers.
Suicide attempts were defined as any suicide attempts, including death by suicide, recorded in the registers. We examined the association between eating disorders and death by suicide separately, but were underpowered to explore familial liability for this association.
Results: Individuals with any eating disorder had increased risk of suicide attempts (OR=5.28, 95%CI [5.04, 5.54]) and death by suicide (OR=5.39, 95%CI [4.00, 7.25]). The risks attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for comorbid major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorder. Similar results were found for AN and BN, except that adjusted OR of death by suicide in BN became insignificant, possibly due to insufficient power. Individuals (index) who had a full-sibling with any eating disorder had increased risk of suicide attempts (OR=1.41, 95%CI [1.29, 1.53]). The risk attenuated for any eating disorder in more distant relatives (maternal half-siblings, OR=1.10, 95%CI [0.90, 1.34]; paternal half-siblings, OR=1.21, 95%CI [0.98, 1.49]; full-cousins, OR=1.11, 95%CI [1.06, 1.18]; half-cousins, OR=0.90, 95%CI [0.78, 1.03]). This familial pattern remained stable after adjusting for the index individuals’ eating disorders. Similar patterns were found for AN and BN.
Conclusions and Relevance: Our results suggest increased risk of suicide attempts in individuals with lifetime eating disorders and their relatives. The pattern of familial co-aggregation suggests familial liability for the association between eating disorders and suicide. Psychiatric comorbidities partially explain this association, suggesting particularly high-risk presentations.China Scholarship CouncilAmerican Foundation for Suicide PreventionSwedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social and Medical Sciences framework, 340-2013-5867Swedish Research Council, 538-2013Global Foundation for Eating DisordersSwedish Research Council, 538-2013-8864Manuscrip
Older fathers' children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations
Peer reviewe
Relaxed selection and mutation accumulation are best studied empirically : reply to Woodley of Menie et al.
Correction to: replay to Woodley of Menie et al. 10.1098/rspb.2018.1427.Peer reviewe
Study of in-medium meson properties in Ap, pA and AA collisions
We propose to investigate the in-medium properties of vector mesons
at the normal nuclear density in Ap(pA) collisions and at higher density in AA
collisions at the ITEP accelerator facility TWAC. Using of the inverse Ap
kinematics will permit us to study the meson production in a wide
momentum interval included the not yet explored range of small meson momenta
relative to the projectile nuclei where the mass modification effect in nuclear
matter is expected to be the strongest. Momentum dependence of the in-medium
meson width will be studied in the traditional pA kinematics. We
intend to use the electromagnetic calorimeter for reconstruction of the
meson invariant mass by detecting photons from the decay. The model calculations and simulations with
RQMD generator show feasibility of the proposed experiment. Available now
intensity of the ion beams provides a possibility to collect large statistics
and make decisive conclusion about the meson properties at density of
normal nuclei. At the second stage of the investigation the meson
properties will be studied in AA collisions at higher density. Interpretation
of these measurements will be based on the results obtained in Ap(pA)
interactions. Further investigation of the in-medium properties of light
unflavored and charmed mesons can be performed at ITEP and at GSI(FAIR) where
higher ion energies will be accessible in near future.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
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