Preference of dairy cows in the consumption of woody forage in Rivas Nicaragua

In dry areas of Central America woody plants are an alternative forage for cattle feed. It was conducted a study in a dry zone of Nicaragua its objective was to evaluate the preference in foliage consumption of ten common woody species in pastures and traits that favor greater acceptance by livestock. The preference was determined by cafeteria testing in pairs of woody using five cows. The combination of ten species in pairs originated a total of 45 events for each cow, each lasted three minutes. The descending order of consumption was Samanea saman, Leucaena leucocephala, Albizia niopoides, Cordia dentata, Moringa oleífera, Guazuma ulmifolia, Gliricidia sepium, Brosimum alicastrum, Mimosa pigra y Acacia farnesiana. The first three species are legumes that have higher nitrogen content, leaves large and soft; although the latter two are legumes of low preference is due to the presence of thorns and high concentration of condensed tannins. Many forages species present condensed tannins that can poison livestock by high consumption. This usually occurs when cattle have this food only diet and it is difficult to happen in pasture where there is a variety of forages. Preference studies give us guidance on the preferred livestock species, although silvopastoral system designs must consider other attributes such as ease of propagation woody, resprouting capacity, forage yield, tolerant frequent pruning, and are multipurpose. Therefore species like Leucaena leucocephala, Cordia dentata, Gliricidia sepium, and Guazuma ulmifolia have important advantages as on?farm feed resources. (Texte intégral

Microinsurance: Does Traditional Regulation Apply?

Microinsurance--insurance services for low-income households--has emerged as a phenomenon in recent years. This Policy Notes draws attention to the need for an effective regulatory and supervision framework for said phenomenon to assure access of low-income households to insurance and to maintain the soundness of the insurance industry.microinsurance, mutual benefit associations

Utilidad de los cortes sagitales y multiplanares no ortogonales en la tomografía computarizada de base del cráneo

Tradicionalmente la TC de la base del cráneo ha incluido dos proyecciones, axial y coronal. Sin embargo, cuando un cirujano se dispone a abordar lesiones en esta área se encuentra que en algunas situaciones la disección no se realiza en un plano axial ni coronal, razón por la cual evaluamos la utilidad de los cortes sagitales y multiplanares

Imagen social de los profesionales contables a partir de las representaciones graficas (caricaturas), aparecidas en publicaciones gremiales norteamericanas

Establecer a través del análisis del contenido de la imagen los diferentes tipos de rasgos delos contadores públicos permite develar, a través del examen de las imágenes, un conjunto de rasgos que permitan establecer una serie de elementos y/o características que se encuentran al interior de las ideas plasmadas en las gráficas por cada uno de los diferentes dibujantes y que a su vez son la cristalizan las principales características del contador público.Pregrad

Stability and guarantees of labor rights of officials and employees of the judicial branch in Colombia

Mediante el presente artículo se pretende exponer la situación laboral de los funcionarios y empleados del sector judicial en un contexto social, político y económico, dentro de las posturas del nuevo derecho constitucional. La función de administrar justicia en las últimas décadas ha generado grandes debates internacionales, nacionales y locales; asimismo, la globalización y la lucha de los funcionarios judiciales por la protección de sus derechos laborales -dada por la evasión y omisión del Gobierno frente a estos temas- han desembocado en estudios académicos de toda índole, en los que se ha procurado establecer la importancia de la Rama Judicial y las garantías laborales de estos funcionarios. Desde la concepción de los nuevos Estados constitucionales, la función del juez tiene importancia como sujeto social con características específicas.This article aims to explain the labor status of officials and employees of the judicial branch in a social, political, and economic context, within the provisions of the new constitutional law. The task of administering justice in recent decades has generated major international, national, and local debates. Similarly, globalization and the struggle of judicial officers to protect their labor rights—given the evasive attitude and neglect of the Government regarding these topics—have resulted in all kinds of academic studies, seeking to establish the importance of the judicial branch and labor guarantees of judicial officials. Since the beginning of the new constitutional states, the role of the judge as a social subject with specific characteristics has been of great importance

Actividad física para mejorar fuerza y equilibrio en el adulto mayor

Introduction: Old age encompasses a fairly broad age in a person’s life, and physical activity becomes the strategy to improve the elderly’s life quality. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a physical activity program in improving strength to the lower limbs and balance for the elderly. Materials and methods: Semi-experimental longitudinal study with a sample of 57 elderly people to whom an initial and final assessment of balance and strength was performed, as well as a 4-week physical activity program with 2 training sessions each, comprising posture, proprioception, balance and muscle strength exercises. The program used for data analysis was SPSS v.24.0 for Windows. An univariate analysis was performed applying central trend measurements (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range) and a statistical analysis with non-parametric testing for two related Wilcoxon samples. Results: The following tests showed statistical significance: Functional extension (p=0,000), open eyes tandem (p=0,20), closed eyes tandem (p=0,002), closed eyes unipodal (p=0,012) and sitting/standing (p=0,000). Conclusion: This study determined that physical activity is effective to improve balance and muscle strength for lower limbs and a suitable tool to preserve senior’s functionality and Independence

Microinsurance in the Philippines: Policy and Regulatory Issues and Challenges

This study assesses the state of microinsurance in the country, identifies the players and their performance, and the challenges facing microinsurance development. The term micro pertains to the capacity of a program to handle the small, sometime irregular cash flows of poor households, who have been excluded in the commercial insurance system for a variety of reasons. Microinsurance products, specifically designed with the poor in mind, will help mitigate risks and reduce the vulnerability of poor households. The most prominent forms of microinsurance are life insurance and health insurance (carried out as part of an overall health care package that links the health insurance to a health facility), which have been designed to be responsive to the need of poor households. The paper reports 17 players in the emerging microinsurance industry, consisting of 12 cooperatives, three NGOs/MFIs, and two transport associations that are offering home-made microinsurance. These home-made microinsurance products continue to be provided despite their actuarial weaknesses and lack of financial capacity of the providers because of very strong demand from their membership for such financial products. Given their advantages over commercial insurance companies, the mutual benefit associations (MBAs) are the usual vehicles of microinsurance programs. In 2004, 18 MBAs were registered with the Insurance Commission (IC) with accumulated assets of PhP14.8 billion. Members equity totaled PhP4.25 billion. The paper calls attention to the institutional, policy and regulatory issues and challenges facing microinsurance

Developing Principles for the Regulation of Microinsurance (Philippine Case Study)

Low-income households find it hard to cope with the risks brought about by an illness or injury, death of a family member, man-made calamities, and natural disasters. Demand for microinsurance products is growing and both formal and informal microinsurance schemes have started to emerge to address this need. This paper seeks to provide a better understanding of the microinsurance market in the Philippines and to draw certain principles for microinsurance regulation from a review of the Philippine experience with microinsurance. The Philippine experience on the provision of microinsurance services and the interaction between the insurance providers and the regulator may help inform the development of certain principles for microinsurance regulation

Desescolarización en el municipio de Soacha

El motivo de analizar el tema surge del hecho que este municipio tiene uno de los índices de nivel educativo, más bajos del departamento de Cundinamarca y del país, ubicándolos por debajo de la media nacional, que ya es bastante baja con respecto a los países desarrollados. Por esto, se van a describir factores como el desplazamiento forzado y la pobreza, junto con todo lo que llevan consigo, como la violencia, los embarazos a temprana edad, el abuso de sustancias psicoactivas, entre otras. Posteriormente se va a revisar el plan de desarrollo del municipio para ver si busca atacar la problemática expuesta

Developing Principles for the Regulation of Microinsurance: Philippine Case Study

Illness or injury, death of a family member, man-made calamities and natural disasters have a devastating effect on those poor households' cash flow, liquidity, and earning capacities and thus, on household welfare. Demand for microinsurance products is growing in view of continuing risks to household welfare and the seeming inability of the government to address this issue. This study seeks to provide a better understanding of the microinsurance market in the Philippines and to draw certain principles for microinsurance regulation from a review of the Philippine experience with microinsurance. The study describes how policies, legal, regulatory, and supervisory framework governing insurance have shaped the development of the market and vice versa. The Philippine experience on the provision of microinsurance services and the interaction between the insurance providers and the regulator may help inform the development of certain principles for microinsurance regulation