Estado nutricional y características de la dieta de un grupo de adolescentes de la localidad rural de Calama, Bolivia

In 2003 a pilot study was carried out in the rural area of the Bolivian Department of La Paz aiming at the identification of dietary patterns among a group of secondary school adolescents who have little or scarce contact with the urban centres. The study consisted of a food intake survey (24 h recall), the measurement of anthropometrics and sociodemographic information. Nine percent was the global prevalence of overweight, although it was more present in girls. No statistically significant differences were found between nutrients in the diets of boys and girls. The energy intake was distributed in the five usual eating times as follows: 22% breakfast, 20% break time at school, 24% lunch, 12% tea time and 22% dinner. Furthermore, the anthropometric measures of boys were compared with their urban counterparts, where the differences were only significant with students in private schools. The present study can be used for the formulation of nutritional policies in Bolivia

Los precedentes vinculantes y sus efectos en la seguridad jurídica en Perú, 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo Determinar la influencia del precedente vinculante sobre la seguridad jurídica en Perú, Lima 2020. La metodología aplicada fue de paradigma interpretativo, enfoque cualitativo, propósito básico, método a aplicar inductivo, diseño sociológico-jurídica. La población la conformo las sentencias interlocutorias emitidas por el Tribunal Constitucional en el 2019 en materia de agravio constitucional, publicadas en el sitio web del Tribunal y la muestra 33 de estas sentencias escogidas al azar. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la técnica del análisis documental y la observación, almacenando y sistematizando los datos obtenidos para su respectivo análisis, a través de una categorización, la cual facilita la triangulación de la información y el desglosamiento de los resultados. Los resultados arrojaron que una vez analizadas las resoluciones judiciales queconforman la muestra se evidencia que los precedentes vinculantes (en este caso el precedente vinculante Vázquez Romero) ciertamente impactan sobre la seguridad jurídica en Perú, puesto que de las 33 sentencias 31 fueron declaradas improcedentes fundadas en el precedente vinculante sin realizar revisión del fondo de la causa, lo que trae como consecuencia el causar por parte del TC perjuicios al no garantizar la objetiva aplicación de la ley, dejando en estado de indefensión a los recurrentes. Se concluyó que efectivamente una variable impacta sobre la otra.The objective of this research work was to determine the influence of binding precedent on legal security in Peru, Lima 2020. The methodology applied was of interpretative paradigm, qualitative approach, basic purpose, inductive method to be applied, sociological-legal design. The population was formed by the interlocutory sentences issued by the Constitutional Court in 2019 on constitutionaltort, published on the Court's website and the sample was 33 of these sentences chosen at random. Data collection was carried out through the technique of documentary analysis and observation, storing and systematizing the data obtained for their respective analysis, through a categorization, which facilitates the triangulation of information and the breakdown of the results. The results showed that once the judicial resolutions that make up the sample were analyzed, it is evident that binding precedents (in this case the binding precedent Vázquez Romero) certainly have an impact on legal security in Peru, since of the 33 sentences, 31 were declared inadmissible based on the binding precedent without reviewing the merits of the case, which results in the TC causing damages by not guaranteeing the objective application of the law, leaving the appellants in a state of defenselessness. It was concluded that effectively one variable impacts on the other

Chemical characterization of a hypoglycemic extract from Cucurbita ficifolia bouche that induces liver glycogen accumulation in diabetic mice

Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect, which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice.Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain.Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract.Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies.Keywords: Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbitaceae, liver glycogen, hypoglycemic plants, p-coumaric acid, salicin, p-hydroxybenzoic aci

Academic burnout and its connection with psychological wellbeing in college students

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar las relaciones entre características sociodemográficas, burnout académico y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios en una universidad de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Se propuso un enfoque cuantitativo y un tipo de investigación descriptivo-correlacional, dentro de los resultados se encontró que la incidencia de burnout académico en estudiantes es del 10,67% en niveles moderados, estableciendo una relación negativa débil entre el burnout y el bienestar psicológico.The following research had as a main objective analyze the connections between sociodemographic characteristics, academic burnout and Psychological well-being in students of a university in the city of Barranquilla. A quantitative approach was proposed and a descriptive correlational type of research. The results showed that incidence in academic burnout is 10,67% on its moderns levels, establishing a negative and weak connection between burnout and phychological wellbein

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYPOGLYCEMIC EXTRACT FROM CUCURBITA FICIFOLIA BOUCHE THAT INDUCES LIVER GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION IN DIABETIC MICE.

Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect, which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain. Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract. Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies

Hacia una cadena de suministro de cacao libre de deforestación en Colombia

El presente documento de políticas en síntesis brinda claridad acerca de los incentivos que pueden promover la producción de cacao libre de deforestación en Colombia. Propone pasos que pueden adoptar los tomadores de decisiones para apoyar la visión de Colombia de una cadena de suministro de cacao con cero deforestación

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum