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Elise Hooft, Gonda Callaert en Pieter Santy Inventarisatie van landelijk bouwkundig erfgoed: de mogelijkheden van historisch kaartmateriaal en kadasteronderzoek voor het ommeland van Damme. [The inventory of rural architectural heritage: opportunities for research of old maps and land registry for the surroundings of Damme.]Bouwkundig erfgoed in landelijk Vlaanderen inventariseren volgt zo zijn eigen wetmatigheden.Over het stadje Damme of het neogotische Vijvekapelle bijvoorbeeld, vloeide reeds heel wat inkt en ophefmakend nieuws valt hier dan ook nog nauwelijks te rapen. Het ommeland nochtans, waar teksten schaars bleven maar toponiemen rijkelijk verspreid zijn, bracht - van de nood een deugd makend - Elise Hooft, Gonda Callaert en Pieter Santy ertoe hun heil te zoeken in historisch kaartenmateriaal. De Stamper, Zwarte Sluis en Krinkeldijk boeten aldus wellicht wat aan mysterie in, maar tegelijkertijd wordt ons een onbevangen blik gegund op weinig alledaagse documenten.Linda Wylleman, Patrick Allegaert en Annemie Cailliau Een geslaagde herbestemming van hospitaal voor geesteszieken naar Museum dr. Guislain in Gent. [A successful new destination for the mental hospital as the museum dr. Guislain in Ghent.]Daar was het de Gentse bouwmeester Adolphe Pauli dan ook om te doen wilde hij, de woorden van Dokter Jozef Guislain - Il faut que lédifice () fasse naître chez le malade le sentiment de bonheur - indachtig, met zijn psychiatrisch centrum halfweg de 19de eeuw een revolutionair modeltehuis voor mannelijke geesteszieken realiseren.Miasmen, bron van alle kwaad, werden voortaan bestreden met uit het stadscentrum gelegen paviljoenen, elk met eigen binnentuin en aangepast aan onderscheiden ziektebeelden, waar de patiënt ook creatief actief blijft.Een primeur in België, zo stellen Linda Wylleman en Patrick Allegaert, gefundeerd op rationeel en functioneel denken, helder en symmetrisch maar niettemin ook kleurrijk en eclectisch.Summar

Breastfeeding and the substance-exposed mother and baby

Background: Breastfeeding rates are typically low for women with a substance use disorder. This is despite the specific benefit of breastfeeding to alleviate the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome and the well-documented generic advantages. This study explored the feasibility of in-hospital, tailored breastfeeding support for the substance exposed mother and baby.Methods: this was a mixed methods feasibility study, in Scotland from April 2014 to May 2015. Women with a substance use disorder received either standard Baby Friendly Initiative care only or were given additional support which included a dedicated breastfeeding support worker; personalised capacity building approach and a low stimuli environment for 5 days. Feasibility outcome measures were maternal recruitment, satisfaction and acceptability of support; breastfeeding on 5th postnatal day and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome.Results: 14 mother/infant dyads participated. Intervention participants demonstrated higher rates of continued breastfeeding and reported a greater degree of satisfaction with support and confidence in their breastfeeding ability. Maternal experience of health care practices, attitudes and postnatal environment influenced their perceptions of breastfeeding support. Breastfed infants were less likely to require pharmacotherapy for neonatal withdrawal and had a shorter hospital stay. Conclusions: the findings highlight the feasibility of tailored breastfeeding support for the substance exposed mother and baby and endorse the promotion and support of breastfeeding for this group. Future research of a statistically powered randomized controlled trial to evaluate clinical efficacy is recommended

Inter-Subject Variability in OCT1 Activity in 27 Batches of Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes and Association with OCT1 mRNA Expression and Genotype

Purpose: OCT1/3 (Organic Cation Transporter-1 and -3; SLC22A1/3) are transmembrane proteins localized at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. They mediate the uptake of cationic endogenous compounds and/or xenobiotics. The present study was set up to verify whether the previously observed variability in OCT activity in hepatocytes may be explained by inter-individual differences in OCT1/3 mRNA levels or OCT1 genotype. Methods: Twenty-seven batches of cryopreserved human hepatocytes (male and female, age 24-88 y) were characterized for OCT activity, normalized OCT1/3 mRNA expression, and OCT1 genetic mutation. ASP+ (4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N- methylpyridinium iodide) was used as probe substrate. Results: ASP+ uptake ranged between 75 ± 61 and 2531 ± 202 pmol/(min×million cells). The relative OCT1 and OCT3 mRNA expression ranged between 0.007-0.46 and 0.0002-0.005, respectively. The presence of one or two nonfunctional SLC22A1 alleles was observed in 13 batches and these exhibited significant (p = 0.04) association with OCT1 and OCT3 mRNA expression. However, direct association between genotype and OCT activity could not be established. Conclusion: mRNA levels and genotype of OCT only partially explain inter-individual variability in OCT-mediated transport. Our findings illustrate the necessity of in vitro transporter activity profiling for better understanding of inter-individual drug disposition behaviour.The authors would like to acknowledge professor Per Artursson for his scientific input and critical review of this manuscript.status: publishe

Animal Models for In Vivo Lactation Studies: Anatomy, Physiology and Milk Compositions in the Most Used Non-Clinical Species: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project

The present review aims to summarize the main features of mammary gland anatomy, and the physiology of lactation and colostrum/milk in the most commonly used animal species for regulatory toxicity. The final goal is the selection of a preferred animal species to be enrolled in studies investigating the potential transfer of drugs and exogenous molecules through milk, within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) funded project ConcePTION. Reference data regarding humans were also collected and analyzed in order to highlight critical similarities and differences with the studied species. Additional practical considerations were also taken into account, such as ethical consideration regarding the chosen species which affects the group size, financial implications and technical feasibility of lactation trials (e.g., ease of sampling, volume of sampling, hus-bandry requirements and scientific recognition). In conclusion, the present analysis of the literature confirms the complexity of the decisional process behind the choice of an animal model for in vivo trials. For some of the evaluated species, data were either poor or missing, highlighting the necessity to generate more physiological background studies for species that are routinely used in laboratory settings. Overall, when taking into consideration ethical factors, feasible group size, milk volume and ease of milk collection, and physiological similarities with humans, minipigs seem to represent the most appropriate choice

Evaluation of the safety of palivizumab in the second season of exposure in young children at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

Background: Palivizumab reduces respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisations in high-risk infants. Those with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may require two seasons of prophylaxis. There is concern that this humanised antibody might cause an adverse immune response in a second season of use. Objective: To evaluate and compare the occurrence of anti-palivizumab antibodies and clinical adverse events in subjects receiving monthly palivizumab injections for a first and second season, and to assess frequency and severity of RSV disease in the two groups. Design and Patients: Subjects aged ≤2 years at severe risk for RSV disease were designated as first season (no previous palivizumab exposure) or second season subjects (received palivizumab in previous RSV season). Palivizumab injections (15 mg/kg) were administered monthly for up to 5 months. Anti-palivizumab antibody titres and serum palivizumab concentrations were measured; adverse events were recorded. Results: No first (n = 71) or second (n = 63) season subjects experienced a significant anti-palivizumab antibody response (titre ≥1:80). Serum palivizumab concentrations were similar for the two groups. Nine (12.7%) first season and 8 (12.7%) second season subjects experienced one or more serious adverse events; most were respiratory and all were considered to be not or probably not related to palivizumab. No deaths occurred during the study. Conclusions: Monthly palivizumab injections were not associated with adverse immune responses or adverse events in young children receiving palivizumab for one or two seasons. Children receiving palivizumab for a second season did not experience more severe adverse events than those receiving it for the first time.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe