Wasatch County Crop Production Costs and Returns, 2011

Sample costs and returns to establish and produce alfalfa hay, barley, oats, and oat hay under wheel line irrigation in Wasatch County, Utah are presented in this publication

Dynamic Diatom Response to Changing Climate 0-1.2 Ma at Lake El\u27Gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic

The Lake El\u27 gygytgyn sediment record contains an abundant diatom flora through most intervals of the lake\u27s history, providing a means to create and test hypotheses concerning the lake\u27s response to changing climates. The 0 1.2 Ma core interval is characterized by shifts in the dominant planktonic genera and events of exceptional concentration and diversity. Warm interglacial intervals have enhanced concentration and diversity of the plankton. This response is most extreme during exceptional events corresponding to marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 and 31. Diatom concentration and diversity also increase during some cold intervals (e.g., MIS 2), suggesting conditions of lake circulation and nutrient cycling promoting diatom production during these events. Short intervals of low plankton concentration accompanied by shifts in the dominant genus of the lake suggest conditions during certain cold events generate a severe impact on plankton production. The absence of these events during extended intervals of low summer insolation variability suggests a muted cold-event response of the lake system linked to regional climate

Fluid quantity gaging

A system for measuring the mass of liquid in a tank on orbit with 1 percent accuracy was developed and demonstrated. An extensive tradeoff identified adiabatic compression as the only gaging technique that is independent of gravity or its orientation, and of the size and distribution of bubbles in the tank. This technique is applicable to all Earth-storable and cryogenic liquids of interest for Space Station use, except superfluid helium, and can be applied to tanks of any size, shape, or internal structure. Accuracy of 0.2 percent was demonstrated in the laboratory, and a detailed analytical model was developed and verified by testing. A flight system architecture is presented that allows meeting the needs of a broad range of space fluid systems without custom development for each user

Impact of pre-transplant anaemia correction and erythropoietin resistance on long-term graft survival

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The differential impact of risk factors on mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

The differential impact of risk factors on mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.BackgroundWhile the survival ramifications of dialysis modality selection are still debated, it seems reasonable to postulate that outcome comparisons are not the same for all patients at all times. Trends in available data indicate the relative risk of death with hemodialysis (HD) compared to peritoneal dialysis (PD) varies by time on dialysis and the presence of various risk factors. This study was undertaken to identify key patient characteristics for which the risk of death differs by dialysis modality.MethodsAnalyses utilized incidence data from 398,940 United States Medicare patients initiating dialysis between 1995 and 2000. Proportional hazards regression identified the presence of diabetes, age, and the presence of comorbidity as factors that significantly interact with treatment modality. Stratifying by these factors, proportional and nonproportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks of death [RR (HD:PD)].ResultsOf the 398,940 patients studied, 11.6% used PD as initial therapy, 45% had diabetes mellitus (DM), 51% were 65 years or older, and 55% had at least one comorbidity. Among the 178,693 (45%) patients with no baseline comorbidity, adjusted mortality rates in nondiabetic (non-DM) patients were significantly higher on HD than on PD [age 18–44: RR (95% CI) = 1.24 (1.07, 1.44); age 45–64: RR = 1.13 (1.02, 1.25); age 65+: RR = 1.13 (1.05, 1.21)]. Among diabetic (DM) patients with no comorbidity, HD was associated with a higher risk of death among younger patients [age 18–44: RR = 1.22(1.05, 1.42)] and a lower risk of death among older patients [age 45–64: RR = 0.92 (0.85, 1.00); age 65+: RR = 0.86 (0.79, 0.93)]. Within the group of 220,247 (55%) patients with baseline comorbidity, adjusted mortality rates were not different between HD and PD among non-DM patients [age 18–44: RR = 1.19 (0.94, 1.50); age 45–64: RR = 1.01 (0.92, 1.11); age 65+: RR = 0.96 (0.91, 1.01)] and younger DM patients [age 18–44: RR = 1.10 (0.92, 1.32)], but were lower with HD among older DM patients with baseline comorbidity [age 45–64: RR = 0.82 (0.77, 0.87); age 65+: RR = 0.80 (0.76, 0.85)].ConclusionValid mortality comparisons between HD and PD require patient stratification according to major risk factors known to interact with treatment modality. Survival differences between HD and PD are not constant, but vary substantially according to the underlying cause of ESRD, age, and level of baseline comorbidity. These results may help identify technical advances that will improve outcomes of patients on dialysis

Deconstructing Red-Black Trees with Bantling

The refinement of DNS has harnessed access points, and current trends suggest that the improvement of reinforcement learning will soon emerge. Here, authors verify the understanding of web browsers, demonstrates the private importance of cyberinformatics. In order to answer this challenge, we validate that despite the fact that multi-processors and vacuum tubes can synchronize to achieve this mis- sion, vacuum tubes and local-area networks can col- laborate to overcome this question

A comparison of transplant outcomes in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients

A comparison of transplant outcomes in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients.BackgroundStudies examining the effect of pre-transplant dialysis modality on graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation have produced conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the effects of pre-transplant dialysis modality on outcomes in a large United States cohort.MethodsWe compared rates of transplantation between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients from the years 1995 to 1998 in the United States (N = 252,402) and outcomes after transplantation (N = 22,776), using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.ResultsIn a Cox proportional hazards analysis that was adjusted for multiple patient characteristics, kidney transplantation was 1.39 (95% CI = 1.35 to 1.43) times more likely in peritoneal dialysis vs. hemodialysis patients (P < 0.0001). Over the entire follow-up period, the adjusted risk for death-censored graft failure was 1.15 (1.04 to 1.26) times higher in peritoneal dialysis vs. hemodialysis (P < 0.05), but mortality and overall graft failure rates were not different. Pre-transplant dialysis modality did not affect outcomes for patients who survived with a functioning kidney for at least 3 months. However, in adjusted Cox analyses restricted to the first 3 months, peritoneal dialysis was associated with a 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) times higher risk for early graft failure (P < 0.001) and a 1.33 (1.16 to 1.53) times higher risk for death-censored graft failure (P < 0.001). Peritoneal dialysis patients, however, were seen to have a lower incidence of delayed graft function. In a smaller sample of patients with data on causes of early graft failure, graft thrombosis was more commonly listed as a cause of graft failure among peritoneal dialysis patients, 41% (64/156), compared to hemodialysis patients, 30% (106/349), P < 0.05.ConclusionsKidney transplantation is more frequent in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis patients, and transplantation in peritoneal dialysis patients is more frequently associated with early, but not late, graft failure. Delayed graft function was less common in peritoneal dialysis patients but this potential benefit appears to be offset by other factors which are associated with early graft loss. Additional studies are needed to determine what factors may help understand this early risk of graft failure

Ab-initio study of oxygen vacancies in alpha-quartz

Extrinsic levels, formation energies, and relaxation geometries are calculated ab initio for oxygen vacancies in alpha-quartz SiO2. The vacancy is found to be thermodynamically stable in the charge states Q=+3, Q=0, Q=--2, and Q=-3. The charged states are stabilized by large and asymmetric distortions near the vacancy site. Concurrently, Franck-Condon shifts for absorption and recombination related to these states are found to be strongly asymmetric. In undoped quartz, the ground state of the vacancy is the neutral charge state, while for moderate p-type and n-type doping, the +3 and -3 states are favored, respectively, over a wide Fermi level window. Optical transitions related to the vacancy are predicted at around 3 eV and 6.5 eV (absorption) and 2.5 to 3.0 eV (emission), depending on the charge state of the ground state.Comment: 6 figures included, but only Fig.1 actually change

Are animals autistic savants.

Do animals have privileged access to lower level sensory information before it is packaged into concepts, as it has been argued for autistic savants