L'abord de l’alcool en médecine générale, de l’usage au trouble : déroulement et expériences au travers d’une enquête qualitative

Context: Alcohol is deep rooted in French culture. Nevertheless, it causes many damages even at lower intakes. Therefore, alcohol use disorder is a major public health issue. Goals: The purpose of this survey is to study how general practitioners approach their patients’ alcohol consumption during their medical consultations. Secondly, the difficulties to approach alcohol consumption were investigated. Material and Methods: This is a thematic analysis of 13 semi-directed individual interviews carried out with general practitioners with a liberal activity in the department of La Manche. Results: General practitioners assert their role in screening alcohol use disorder. However, the approach of alcohol is not systematic. The negative impact of a use disorder is often used as an opportunity to approach the subject. Consequently, the matter is usually approached when a use disorder is already established. Consumption’s quantification is often imprecise, the focus being mainly on the patient’s personal experience. The dualism of this product is causing difficulties in approaching the subject even though practicioners have shown their commitment.The lack of time, the lack of training and the complexity of patients suffering from alcohol use disorder are the main difficulties encountered. Conclusion: Alcohol is still a taboo subject. Although the approach of this subject is an integral part of the general practitioner’s responsability, it is crucial in parallel that the Government clearly diffuses the information to the general public: alcohol is dangerous ans a threat to your health even at lower intakes.Contexte : l’alcool fait partie intégrante de la culture française. Néanmoins, il est à l’origine de nombreux dommages même à faibles doses. Ainsi, le trouble de l’usage de l’alcool représente un enjeu de santé publique majeur. Objectif : le but de cette étude est d’étudier la façon dont les médecins généralistes abordent les consommations d’alcool de leurs patients en consultation. Secondairement, les difficultés liées à l’abord du sujet ont été recherchées. Matériel et méthodes : analyse thématique de 13 entretiens individuels semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de médecins généralistes ayant une activité libérale dans le département de la Manche. Résultats : les médecins généralistes affirment leur rôle dans le dépistage des troubles de l’usage de l’alcool. Pourtant, l’abord des consommations n’est pas systématique. Les répercussions négatives d’un trouble de l’usage servent souvent de point d’accès. Par conséquent, l’abord du sujet a lieu lorsqu’un trouble de l’usage est déjà installé. La quantification des consommations est souvent imprécise, l’accent étant porté majoritairement sur le vécu du patient. L’ambivalence de ce produit est à l’origine de difficultés pour aborder le sujet même si les médecins se sont montrés investis. Le manque de temps, de formation et la complexité des patients souffrant d’un trouble de l’usage de l’alcool représentent les difficultés majeures. Conclusion : l’alcool reste un sujet tabou. Bien que l’abord de ce sujet fasse partie intégrante du rôle du médecin généraliste, il est primordial en parallèle que l’État diffuse une information claire au grand public : l’alcool est dangereux pour la santé même à faible dose

L'Antiquité dans la littérature de jeunesse

À travers 19 contributions, ce volume collectif considère quelques aspects de la représentation et de la réélaboration du matériau antique dans la littérature pour la jeunesse, spécialement dans le roman, la bande dessinée, le manga. La mythologie reçoit une grande attention, mais l’histoire, surtout romaine, est aussi l’objet d’attention, à travers par exemple des séries comme Astérix, Alix ou Thermae Romae. Quatre directions sont privilégiées : la nature et l’ampleur des adaptations opérées, leurs modalités, l’intention dans lesquelles elles ont été menées, le contenu du message véhiculé. Il est ainsi montré comment l’Antiquité, sous diverses formes, est utilisable, dans les ouvrages et corpus étudiés, comme vecteur d’enseignement, d’éducation, de médiation culturelle ou de simple recréation, comment elle se prête à diverses formes de réappropriation personnelle par les lecteurs.Through 19 contributions, this collective volume considers some aspects of the representation and re-elaboration of Antiquity in literature for children and young adults, especially in novels, comics and manga. Mythology receives a great deal of attention, but history, especially Roman history, is also addressed, for example through series like Asterix, Alix or Thermae Romae. Four issues are emphasized: the nature and extent of the adaptations made, the way they were made, the intention in which they were carried out, the content of the message delivered. It is thus shown how Antiquity, in various forms, can be used in the publications and corpora studied as a vector for teaching, for education, for cultural mediation or simply for recreation, and how it allows for various forms of personal reappropriation by the readers

The Virtual Shop: A new immersive virtual reality environment and scenario for the assessment of everyday memory

Background: Assessing and predicting memory performance in everyday life is a common assignment for neuropsychologists. However, most traditional neuropsychological tasks are not conceived to capture everyday memory performance. New method: The Virtual Shop is a fully immersive task developed to assess memory in a more ecological way than traditional neuropsychological assessments. Two studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of the Virtual Shop and to appraise its ecological and construct validity. In study 1, 20 younger and 19 older adults completed the Virtual Shop task to evaluate its level of difficulty and the way the participants interacted with the VR material. The construct validity was examined with the contrasted-group method, by comparing the performance of younger and older adults. In study 2, 35 individuals with subjective cognitive decline completed the Virtual Shop task. Performance was correlated with an existing questionnaire evaluating everyday memory in order to appraise its ecological validity. To add further support to its construct validity, performance was correlated with traditional episodic memory and executive tasks. Results: All participants successfully completed the Virtual Shop. The task had an appropriate level of difficulty that helped differentiate younger and older adults, supporting the feasibility and construct validity of the task. Comparison with existing method(s): The performance on the Virtual Shop was significantly and moderately correlated with the performance on the questionnaire and on the traditional memory and executive tasks. Conclusions: Results support the feasibility and both the ecological and construct validity of the Virtual Shop