Advanced Data Analytics Methodologies for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series Vehicle Operating Data

Early detection of faults in the vehicle operating systems is a research domain of high significance to sustain full control of the systems since anomalous behaviors usually result in performance loss for a long time before detecting them as critical failures. In other words, operating systems exhibit degradation when failure begins to occur. Indeed, multiple presences of the failures in the system performance are not only anomalous behavior signals but also show that taking maintenance actions to keep the system performance is vital. Maintaining the systems in the nominal performance for the lifetime with the lowest maintenance cost is extremely challenging and it is important to be aware of imminent failure before it arises and implement the best countermeasures to avoid extra losses. In this context, the timely anomaly detection of the performance of the operating system is worthy of investigation. Early detection of imminent anomalous behaviors of the operating system is difficult without appropriate modeling, prediction, and analysis of the time series records of the system. Data based technologies have prepared a great foundation to develop advanced methods for modeling and prediction of time series data streams. In this research, we propose novel methodologies to predict the patterns of multivariate time series operational data of the vehicle and recognize the second-wise unhealthy states. These approaches help with the early detection of abnormalities in the behavior of the vehicle based on multiple data channels whose second-wise records for different functional working groups in the operating systems of the vehicle. Furthermore, a real case study data set is used to validate the accuracy of the proposed prediction and anomaly detection methodologies

Accelerated Primal-dual Scheme for a Class of Stochastic Nonconvex-concave Saddle Point Problems

Stochastic nonconvex-concave min-max saddle point problems appear in many machine learning and control problems including distributionally robust optimization, generative adversarial networks, and adversarial learning. In this paper, we consider a class of nonconvex saddle point problems where the objective function satisfies the Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz condition with respect to the minimization variable and it is concave with respect to the maximization variable. The existing methods for solving nonconvex-concave saddle point problems often suffer from slow convergence and/or contain multiple loops. Our main contribution lies in proposing a novel single-loop accelerated primal-dual algorithm with new convergence rate results appearing for the first time in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. In particular, in the stochastic regime, we demonstrate a convergence rate of $\mathcal O(\epsilon^{-4})$ to find an $\epsilon$-gap solution which can be improved to $\mathcal O(\epsilon^{-2})$ in deterministic setting

ASSOCIATED (SEMI)HYPERGROUPS FROM DUPLEXES

In this paper using strongly duplexes we introduce a new class of (semi)hypergroups. The associated (semi)hypergroup from a strongly duplex is called duplex (semi)hypergroup. Two computer programs written in MATLAB show that the two groups $Z_{2n}$ and $Z_{n}times Z_{2}$ produce a strongly duplex and its associated hypergroup is a complementary feasible hypergroup

Characterization of the decellularized ovine pericardium for skin tissue engineering

Background and aims: Some biological scaffolds are used as appropriate skin substitutes, including decellularized amniotic membrane or dermis although the ovine pericardial tissue has not been characterized or used for skin tissue engineering. In this regard, this study focused on the decellularization and characterization of ovine pericardium for skin tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: To this end, two different methods were used for decellularization, including safety data sheet (SDS) 1% (method 1) and Triton X-100 1% (method 2). In addition, histological examinations (H&E staining), DNA content assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MTT test using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and tensile tests were conducted for sample characterization. Results: Based on the results, the DNA content showed significant DNA removing (P<0.001) after decellularization with methods 1 and 2 in comparison to native tissues although the significance level between the two methods was P=0.06. In the SEM examination, cells were effectively removed while the extracellular matrix remained intact in both groups. Based on the results of the MTT test, the toxicity was not significant (P=0.36). On the other hand, mechanical property assay revealed a higher value of Young’s modulus in method 1 (34.12 MPa) compared to Method 2 (32.57 MPa) and native tissues (30 MPa). Finally, the highest strain at the break point (approximately 0.6) belonged to the native sample. Conclusion: In general, the ovine seems to be a good alternative for skin tissue engineering and regeneration since it is a post-slaughtering waste tissue has low thickness, is wide and spread, and easy to be decellularized with SDS 1% and Triton X-100. Eventually, it has good properties for cell seeding based on the findings of our study and the capability of vascularization reported in the literature. Keywords: Ovine pericardium, Acellular, Skin tissue engineerin

Association of M55L and Q192R polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) with recurrent pregnancy loss risk: A case–control study

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to the incidence of two or more abortions before the first half of pregnancy. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to play a central role in RPL. Objective: To investigate the relationship between Q192R and L55M polymorphisms of PON1 as antioxidant enzyme and the risk of RPL. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, 110 women with RPL (case) and 110 healthy fertile women (control) referred to the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shiraz, Iran were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood in all participants. Polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Statistical analysis of Q192R polymorphism showed a significant difference for the RR genotype between the case and control group (OR = 11, CI = 1.39–86.87, p = 0.005) but none for the QR and QQ genotypes. No significant association was observed between the R and Q allelic frequency in the RPL participants compared to the control group (p = 0.53). Also, statistical analysis of the L55M polymorphism for MM genotype in the case group compared with the control group showed a significant difference (OR = 3.59, CI = 0.97–13.30, p = 0.042), but none for the LM and LL genotypes. Conclusion: The findings showed a significant correlation between the Q192R polymorphisms and the L55M PON1 enzyme and RPL in this study population. Key words: Pregnancy, Abortion, PON1, Polymorphism, Recurrent pregnancy loss

Antiproliferative effects of fresh water crab hemolymph and meat extract on breast cancer cell line

&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims:&lt;/strong&gt; Despite the advances in drugs, side effects of chemotherapy drugs continue to exist. Therefore, more attention has been paid to the compounds derived from medicinal herbs and aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of freshwater crab hemolymph and meat extract on breast cancer (BC) cell line (4T1). &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; After isolation of freshwater crab hemolymph and meat extract, protein concentration and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. The 4T1 cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with crab hemolymph (1, 2, 10 mg/mL) and meat extract (0.1, 0.2 and 1 mg/mL), and cell survival was analyzed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) at 48 and 72 hours. Nitric oxide (NO) secretion was measured by Griess method. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Protein concentration of 23.25 mg/mL was shown in crab hemolymph, and 2.3 mg/mL in meat extract. Total antioxidant capacity was reported as 1.036 µM/mL and 1.104 µM/mL in crab hemolymph and meat extract, respectively. Cell survival in the 4T1 cells was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;�0.001). NO secretion of 4T1 cells was decreased after treatment with different concentrations of crab hemolymph and meat extract at 48 and 72 hours. Cellular growth was observed in BMSCs after treatment with different concentrations of crab hemolymph and meat extract at 48 and 72 hours. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Since crab hemolymph and meat extract have protein and antioxidant activities, they can have anti-cancer effects on 4T1 cells

The Need for Complementary Health Insurance in Iran and Suggestions for Its Development

International experience has shown that the increasing diversity in healthcare services precludes the integration of all services under a government health insurance plan in terms of performance and economy; no institution receiving a fixed amount of money per capita is able to provide all services. Supplementary insurance is used in many countries.1 In Iran, comprehensive coverage of medical costs through a basic government medical insurance program is not possible because of the rising costs of diagnosis, use of more up-to-date and expensive medical technologies, and the development of new treatment methods. The number of people deprived of the right to healthcare is increasing daily. The structure of complementary insurance is based on participation and provides three types of coverage: completion of services, completion of costs, and integration of costs and services. In many leading countries, insurance is provided to a group with the participation of the insured and the insured’s employer who pays the employee’s premiums. In some cases, the premium is paid entirely by the insured, and governments generally have the participation priority in paying the premium. In countries around the world, the private sector has been effective in enriching complementary insurance, but careful monitoring by the state is emphasized. Studies have shown that considering the deductible for covered services is useful for creating competition among insurance institutions so as to control consumption patterns and avoid unnecessary demands.2-4 Considering Article 29 of Iran’s Constitution which reads, “covering all medical services the non-provision of which puts one’s health at risk” and examining the structure and performance of the Healthcare Insurance Organization, it seems that, despite growth in the covered population, complementary coverage is not proportionate to the current organizational structure. Therefore, the structure needs to be modified to adapt to new circumstances. In general, the successful implementation of complementary insurance programs in the European Union, especially in France that has one of the most successful insurance systems in the world, shows that principles should be established to govern the healthcare systems available in the market. Furthermore, requiring participation in health insurance should be based upon a person’s income, while care should be provided based on medical need, not financial participation.

The Effect of Teaching Practical Physical Modalities on the Ordering Skills of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents

Introduction: Physical modalities are performed by physiotherapists based on physiatrists’ orders, so the residents pay less attention to the need and importance of learning the practical modalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching the practical aspects of modalities to residents of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in order to improve their skills and attitudes toward ordering and doing physical modalities. Methods: In an interventional, before after study, all residents of physical medicine and rehabilitation, took the medical history of the patients willingly participatedand performed physical examinationand ordered physical modalities. They were also assessed by performing the modalities on the patient. Following the primary assessment, an experienced physiotherapist taught the residents how to do physical modalities. After the practical education, residents were assessed by ordering the modalities and performing them on simulated patients. Their satisfaction of the educational program was evaluated after the intervention. Results: The mean scores of using modalities before and after the education were 23.08± 5.50 and 52±10.18 respectively (p=0.0001). The mean scores of ordering the modalities before and after the education were 1 and 1.66 (p=0.038). The mean score of satisfaction was 91.66±8.74 out of 100. Conclusion: Since physical medicine and rehabilitation residents and specialists who order physical modalities for patients do not perform it on their own patients, teaching the practical physical modalities can improve their skills. The satisfaction rate of residents with the course was very high

Comparison of the Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Activities of Two Iranian Mustard Essential Oils and Use of these Oils in Turkey Meats as Preservatives

Background and objective: Iranian mustard is cultivated in southern areas of Iran and used traditionally as natural preservative. Aims of the current study were identification and comparison of the chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of two Iranian mustard essential oils and assessment of these oils use for increasing the shelf life of turkey meats.Material and methods: Chemical compositions of two Iranian mustard essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibacterial activities of these oils were assessed against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis using disc diffusion and broth macrodilution assays. Inhibitory effects of the essential oils were assessed on growth of mesophilic psychrotrophic bacteria, yeasts and molds and sensory evaluation was carried out for the turkey meats.Results and conclusion: Results of GC-MS showed presence of bioactive constituents, especially allyl isothiocyanate (75.87-80.07%). All the bacterial growth, especially for Escherichia coli, was inhibited with inhibition zones of greater than 20 mm and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 0.156 mg ml-1. Treatment of turkey meat samples with the mustard essential oils significantly decreased the count of mesophilic psychrotrophic bacteria, yeasts and molds during 20 days of storage at 4°C ±1, compared to controls (P≤0.05). Over the time, the sensory score of the treated samples increased, compared to controls. Based on these findings, the Iranian mustard essential oils can be used as natural preservatives in foods.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest