Unemployment Insurance Application and Receipt: Findings on Demographic Disparities and Suggestions for Change

In this brief, we highlight research published in the October 2012 issue of Monthly Labor Review by Alix Gould-Werth and H. Luke Shaefer of the University of Michigan that examines the extent to which the likelihood of applying for, and of receiving unemployment insurance conditional on application, varies by education level and by racial and ethnic background. Second, we highlight findings showing how perceptions of ineligibility among those who fail to apply may vary by these demographic categories. This research demonstrates that low-educated and racial minority unemployed workers -- those who may need financial support most during periods without work -- are doubly disadvantaged in accessing unemployment insurance: not only do they report lower application rates, but the unemployed who do apply also report lower rates of receipt. Even though the authors' findings leave unanswered questions about the eligibility of non-applicants and the reasons applicants fail to access UI, their evidence suggests that increasing rates of application among disadvantaged populations would narrow the gap in benefit receipt. Thus, after summarizing the relevant findings, we offer recommendations for increasing application rates

Bois flottés et archéologie de l’Arctique: contribution à la préhistoire récente du détroit de Béring

Until the introduction of commercial wood, driftwood was the main wood resource for people along the coasts of northern North America and Siberia. In Arctic archaeological sites and particularly in the last 2,000 years deposits, wood remains are often well preserved and provide archaeologists with large and representative samples of what was used at a site. However these remains have not been analyzed in great detail despite the interest of studying the use of wood in regions lacking trees. This paper discusses the importance of recording systematic and precise data on driftwood accumulations and wood use in order to better understand: 1) the formation of wooden assemblages, 2) driftwood availability at the time the site was occupied, and 3) users’ selection choices. A survey of modern driftwood accumulations, distribution, Availability and composition in Bering Strait and southern Chukchi Peninsula is also presented. It draws on the study of archaeological collections of Alaskan sites dated to the 6th century and the 11th-15th centuries A.D. to show how establishing such data bases should, in the long run, improve the chronological, technical or even social interpretation of wood remains from arctic sites.Jusqu’à la vente de bois commerciaux venus du sud, les populations installées le long des côtes des régions septentrionales d’Amérique du Nord et de Sibérie allaient régulièrement sur les plages s’approvisionner en bois flottés, principale source de ligneux dans ces régions dénuées d’arbres. Dans les sites archéologiques arctiques et particulièrement dans les dépôts des 2 000 dernières années, la conservation des vestiges en bois est souvent remarquable et fournit aux archéologues des assemblages numériquement représentatifs. Pourtant, ces vestiges ont rarement fait l’objet d’études approfondies malgré l’intérêt d’étudier l’exploitation d’une telle ressource dans des régions qui ne la produisent pas. Cet article discute de la nécessité de connaître la nature des accumulations de bois flotté (modalités de formation des dépôts naturels, propriétés des matériaux disponibles, etc.) afin de mieux comprendre: 1) la formation des assemblages archéologiques en bois, 2) la disponibilité des bois d’oeuvre à l’époque d’occupation du site, et 3) les variables de la sélection des bois par les occupants des sites. L'article présente aussi les résultats d’un premier inventaire de la disponibilité et de la composition actuelle des amas naturels de bois flotté dans le détroit de Béring et dans le sud de la péninsule des Tchouktches. Il s’appuie sur l’étude de collections archéologiques de sites alaskiens datés du 6e et du 11e-15e siècles ap. J.-C. pour montrer comment l’établissement de tels référentiels sur les bois flottés devrait à long terme améliorer l’interprétation chronologique, technique, voire sociale, des vestiges en bois des sites de l’Arctique

Parameterized Complexity of a Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem

In this paper we consider the parameterized complexity of two versions of a parallel machine scheduling problem with precedence delays, unit processing times and time windows. In the first version - with exact delays - we assume that the delay between two jobs must be exactly respected, whereas in the second version - with minimum delays - the delay between two jobs is a lower bound on the time between them. Two parameters are considered for this analysis: the pathwidth of the interval graph induced by the time windows and the maximum precedence delay value. We prove that our problems are para-NP-complete with respect to any of the two parameters and fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the pair of parameters

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A Thousand Years of Lost Hunting Arrows: Wood Analysis of Ice Patch Remains in Northwestern Canada

Discussions of the development of past hunting equipment generally focus on lithic and bone projectile points and foreshafts, as these are often the only elements remaining in archaeological sites. In the last 15 years, the archaeology of alpine ice patches has provided a unique opportunity to analyze hunting equipment over time and gain knowledge of the wooden elements on which the points are hafted. This paper describes the wood and morphometrical analysis of a collection of 27 arrow shafts from two ice patch regions of the western Canadian Subarctic. In both regions, two main categories of arrow shafts show the selection of specific pieces of wood, spruce (Picea sp.) on the one hand and birch (Betula sp.) on the other, with associated morphometrical characteristics. These shafts also share some characteristics that are distinct from those of Arctic and coastal arrow shafts. Shafts of pine (Pinus sp. sec. ponderosa) and hemlock (Tsuga sp.) were also identified in the southwestern Yukon Territory. The absence of correlation between the arrow shaft types and 14C dating raises the question of the significance of the arrow types and the potential for function, trade, or travel to explain the variation.Les discussions sur le développement des armes de chasse se concentrent généralement sur les pointes de projectile et les préhampes en matières lithiques et osseuses car ce sont ces éléments qui sont les plus souvent retrouvés dans les sites archéologiques. Ces quinze dernières années, l’archéologie des névés alpins nous donne l’opportunité unique d’analyser des équipements de chasse sur le long terme et de documenter les éléments en bois au bout desquels les pointes sont emmanchées. Dans cet article, nous décrivons l’analyse d’une collection de vingt-sept hampes de flèche en bois végétal provenant de deux régions de névés du Subarctique canadien. Dans les deux régions, on définit deux catégories principales de hampes de flèche qui montrent une sélection spécifique de pièces de bois d’épicéa (Picea sp.) et de bouleau (Betula sp.) auxquelles correspondent des caractéristiques morphométriques propres. Ces hampes partagent aussi des caractéristiques qui les distinguent de celles plus nordiques des côtes de l’Arctique. Des hampes faites en bois de pin (Pinus sp. sec. ponderosa) et de pruche (Tsuga sp.) ont également été identifiées dans le Sud-ouest du Territoire du Yukon. L’absence de corrélation entre les types de hampe de flèche et les dates radiocarbone soulève la question du sens à donner à ces types de flèche. Des facteurs tels que la fonction, les échanges ou des déplacements de personne sont envisagés

Internalization of Appearance Ideals and Not Religiosity Indirectly Impacts the Relationship Between Acculturation and Disordered Eating Risk in South and Southeast Asian Women Living in the United States

Objective: Studies that examine disordered eating in samples of Asian individuals living in the United States frequently combine all individuals of Asian descent into a single group, which can obscure important differences between groups and their experiences of acculturation. The goal of the present study was to establish the relation of acculturation, internalization of appearance ideals, and religiosity as predicting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women of South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) descent. Method: Women of SSEA descent (N = 112) aged 18–51 years (M = 23.10, SD = 6.4) completed a battery of questionnaires that inquire about these variables. A path analysis was conducted with acculturation serving as the independent (exogenous) variable, religiosity and internalization of the thin ideal as mediators, and body dissatisfaction and disordered eating as dependent (endogenous) variables. Results: Direct paths from acculturation to both body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were not significant. Thin ideal internalization completely accounted for the path from acculturation to both endogenous variables; whereas, religiosity did not significantly account for any indirect effect. Discussion: For SSEA women, internalization of appearance ideals is a potentially greater risk factor for disordered eating than acculturation or religiosity. As this was an atemporal mediation analysis, more work needs to be done exploring predictors of internalization in this population and how that may impact the development of disordered eating

Internalization of appearance ideals and not religiosity indirectly impacts the relationship between acculturation and disordered eating risk in South and Southeast Asian women living in the United States

Objective: Studies that examine disordered eating in samples of Asian individuals living in the United States frequently combine all individuals of Asian descent into a single group, which can obscure important differences between groups and their experiences of acculturation. The goal of the present study was to establish the relation of acculturation, internalization of appearance ideals, and religiosity as predicting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women of South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) descent. Method: Women of SSEA descent ( Results: Direct paths from acculturation to both body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were not significant. Thin ideal internalization completely accounted for the path from acculturation to both endogenous variables; whereas, religiosity did not significantly account for any indirect effect. Discussion: For SSEA women, internalization of appearance ideals is a potentially greater risk factor for disordered eating than acculturation or religiosity. As this was an atemporal mediation analysis, more work needs to be done exploring predictors of internalization in this population and how that may impact the development of disordered eating

Internalization of Appearance Ideals and Not Religiosity Indirectly Impacts the Relationship Between Acculturation and Disordered Eating Risk in South and Southeastern Asian Women Living in the United States

Objective: Studies that examine disordered eating in samples of Asian individuals living in the United States frequently combine all individuals of Asian descent into a single group, which can obscure important differences between groups and their experiences of acculturation. The goal of the present study was to establish the relation of acculturation, internalization of appearance ideals, and religiosity as predicting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women of South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) descent. Method: Women of SSEA descent (N = 112) aged 18–51 years (M = 23.10, SD = 6.4) completed a battery of questionnaires that inquire about these variables. A path analysis was conducted with acculturation serving as the independent (exogenous) variable, religiosity and internalization of the thin ideal as mediators, and body dissatisfaction and disordered eating as dependent (endogenous) variables. Results: Direct paths from acculturation to both body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were not significant. Thin ideal internalization completely accounted for the path from acculturation to both endogenous variables; whereas, religiosity did not significantly account for any indirect effect. Discussion: For SSEA women, internalization of appearance ideals is a potentially greater risk factor for disordered eating than acculturation or religiosity. As this was an atemporal mediation analysis, more work needs to be done exploring predictors of internalization in this population and how that may impact the development of disordered eating