Cuantificacion del crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de Linares, mediante teledeteccion para el periodo 1960 - 2006

94 p.El propósito de esta investigación consistió en analizar el proceso de expansión urbana de la ciudad de Linares, mediante Teledetección, en un período de 46 años, delimitando de esta forma el área de crecimiento. Se utilizaron en esta investigación distintos sensores remotos para diferentes períodos de tiempo, es decir, Mosaico (1960), Imagen de Satélite (1985) y Fotografías Aéreas (1978,1999 y 2006) de manera de realizar un análisis visual de las características de cada uno de ellos e interpretar de esta forma las 7 categorías que fueron definidas, en especial la referente a la expansión urbana. De cada uno de estos sensores se extrajo información que fue traspasada a una cobertura especial con las calles de la ciudad, para generar los usos de las categorías en los 5 períodos estudiados. Se generó además una cobertura con las clases de uso del suelo presente en Linares con el objetivo de superponer cada período con el uso de suelos y así saber sobre qué clase se esta expandiendo la ciudad. Los resultados indicaron que la categoría Urbano, desde el año 1960 creció 485,32 há, es decir más del 100% en un período de 46 años. Las categorías Urbano2 e Industria también aumentaron su superficie, mientras que Matorral y Bosques disminuyeron levemente. La categoría que más disminuyó fue Agrícola, en 451,79 há y que al superponerla con las clases de uso del suelo, es sobre la clase IIIr y IVr e indicando que gran parte de esta pérdida de suelos agrícolas fue debido a la expansión de la ciudad de Linares sobre el sector sur y nor-poniente. Los efectos ambientales, sociales y económicos deben ser considerados en el momento de realizar una buena planificación en el uso de los suelos para fines de urbanización, mientras que el empleo de sensores remotos demuestran ser una buena herramienta en este tipo de estudios./ ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation consisted of analyzing the process of urban expansion of the city of Linares, by means of Teledetección, in a period of 46 years, delimiting of this form the growth area. They were used in this investigation different sensors remote for different periods from time, that is to say, Mosaic (1960), Image of Satellite (1985) and Aerial photographies (1978, 1999 and 2006) of way to make a visual analysis of the characteristics of each one of them and to interpret of this form the 7 categories that were defined, in special the referring one to the urban expansion. Of each one of these sensors information was extracted that was transferred to a special cover with the streets of the city, to generate the uses of the categories in the 5 studied periods. A cover with the use classes of the present ground was generated in Linares, with the objective to superpose every period with the ground use and thus to know on what class this expanding the city. The results indicated that the Urban category, from year 1960 grew 485,32 há, that is to say, more of the 100% in a period of 46 years. The categories Urbano2 and Industria also increased their surface, while Scrublands and Forests diminished slightly. The category that diminished more was Agricultural, in 451,79 há and that when superposing it with the classes of use of the ground, is on the class IIIr and IVr and indicating that great part of this loss of agricultural grounds was due to the expansion of the city of Linares on the South sector and the nor-west. The environmental, social and economic effects must be considered at the moment for making a good planning in the use of grounds for urbanization aims, while the use of remote sensors demonstrates to be a good tool in this type of studies

Prophylactic corneal crosslinking in myopic small-incision lenticule extraction - Long-term visual and refractive outcomes

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability in myopic and astigmatic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with simultaneous prophylactic corneal crosslinking (CXL) in thin corneas. Methods: A total of 48 eyes from 24 patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism SMILE with simultaneous prophylactic CXL were included in this retrospective study. All patients had a 24-month follow-up. A femtosecond laser was performed with VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec). CXL treatment was applied when the predicted stromal thickness was less than 330 μm. Results: The patients’ mean age was 31.58 ± 6.23 years. The previous mean spherical equivalent was − 6.85 ± 1.80 (−9.75 to − 2.00) D. The postoperative mean spherical equivalent was − 0.50 ± 0.26 (−1.00 to + 0.25) D; 60% of the eyes had 20/20 or better; 19% lost one line; 58% were within ± 0.50 D; and 8.3% of the eyes changed 0.50 D or more between 3 and 24 months. Conclusion: Prophylactic CXL with simultaneous SMILE for myopia and astigmatism femtosecond laser surgery technique appears to be partially effective, safe, predictable, and stable after 24 months of follow-up

EPIC-DB: a proteomics database for studying Apicomplexan organisms

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High throughput proteomics experiments are useful for analyzing the protein expression of an organism, identifying the correct gene structure of a genome, or locating possible post-translational modifications within proteins. High throughput methods necessitate publicly accessible and easily queried databases for efficiently and logically storing, displaying, and analyzing the large volume of data.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>EPICDB is a publicly accessible, queryable, relational database that organizes and displays experimental, high throughput proteomics data for <it>Toxoplasma gondii </it>and <it>Cryptosporidium parvum</it>. Along with detailed information on mass spectrometry experiments, the database also provides antibody experimental results and analysis of functional annotations, comparative genomics, and aligned expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic open reading frame (ORF) sequences. The database contains all available alternative gene datasets for each organism, which comprises a complete theoretical proteome for the respective organism, and all data is referenced to these sequences. The database is structured around clusters of protein sequences, which allows for the evaluation of redundancy, protein prediction discrepancies, and possible splice variants. The database can be expanded to include genomes of other organisms for which proteome-wide experimental data are available.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>EPICDB is a comprehensive database of genome-wide <it>T. gondii </it>and <it>C. parvum </it>proteomics data and incorporates many features that allow for the analysis of the entire proteomes and/or annotation of specific protein sequences. EPICDB is complementary to other -genomics- databases of these organisms by offering complete mass spectrometry analysis on a comprehensive set of all available protein sequences.</p

Could the percent tissue altered (PTA) index be considered as a unique factor in ectasia risk assessment?

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, predictability and stability of the percent tissue altered (PTA) formula in post-LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) ectasia risk assessment. Methods: One hundred and ninety-three eyes from 104 patients with low to moderate myopia that underwent femtosecond LASIK were included in this retrospective, observational and longitudinal study. Seventy-eight eyes were classified in the higher-PTA (> 40%) group and 115 eyes in the lower-PTA (< 40%) group. Spherical manifest refraction, cylinder manifest refraction, logMAR and Snellen previous corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), anterior face Baiocchi Calossi Versaci index (BCVf) and posterior face (BCVb), central corneal thickness (CCT), estimated residual stromal bed (RSB), spherical aberration (SA) and root mean square (RMS) were reported. All patients were followed up for 4 years. Results: In the higher-PTA group, 97% of eyes reported UDVA 20/20 or better, and in the lower-PTA group, all eyes achieved 20/20 or better. No group reported decreased visual acuity. The higher-PTA group obtained 55% of eyes within ± 0.50 D and 90% within ± 1.00 D; and the lower-PTA group obtained 63% of eyes within ± 0.50 D and 90% within ± 1.00 D. Both groups showed a refraction correction of 0.50 D or more in 36% and 31% of eyes, in the higher-PTA and the lower-PTA groups, respectively. Conclusion: Percent tissue altered index should not be considered as a unique variable in post-LASIK ectasia risk assessment. Ectasia susceptibility screening should integrate tomography and biomechanical variables in order to help us to decide any refractive treatment choice and increasing refractive surgery safety

The new socio-territorial conflicts and geographical space in Chile

Se presenta una discusión teórica sobre la construcción de espacio geográfico en comunidades rurales, la intervención de la industria del cobre y de centrales hidroeléctricas en el territorio y el desarrollo de movimientos sociales ambientales. Esta discusión surge a raíz de la situación de un grupo de localidades rurales ubicadas en la zona del Alto Cachapoal (región de O´Higgins), en la zona central de Chile, que desde comienzos del siglo XX han visto intervenidos su paisaje natural por la industria pesada.A theoretical discussion is introduced about the construction of geographical space in rural communities, the copper industry and hydroelectric power plants interventions over the territory, and the environmental social movements development. This discussion emerges regarding the situation of a group of rural towns located in Alto Cachapoal (O'Higgins Region), in central Chile, that since the beginning of 20th century have seen their natural landscape intervened by the heavy industry

Prophylactic corneal crosslinking in myopic small-incision lenticule extraction - Long-term visual and refractive outcomes

PurposeTo analyze the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability in myopic and astigmatic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with simultaneous prophylactic corneal crosslinking (CXL) in thin corneas.MethodsA total of 48 eyes from 24 patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism SMILE with simultaneous prophylactic CXL were included in this retrospective study. All patients had a 24-month follow-up. A femtosecond laser was performed with VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec). CXL treatment was applied when the predicted stromal thickness was less than 330 μm.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 31.58 ± 6.23 years. The previous mean spherical equivalent was - 6.85 ± 1.80 (-9.75 to - 2.00) D. The postoperative mean spherical equivalent was - 0.50 ± 0.26 (-1.00 to + 0.25) D; 60% of the eyes had 20/20 or better; 19% lost one line; 58% were within ± 0.50 D; and 8.3% of the eyes changed 0.50 D or more between 3 and 24 months.ConclusionProphylactic CXL with simultaneous SMILE for myopia and astigmatism femtosecond laser surgery technique appears to be partially effective, safe, predictable, and stable after 24 months of follow-up

Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (TPRK)

To evaluate the usage of plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in low and moderate myopia, patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism TPRK with PRGF were involved in this retrospective, observational study. Subjects underwent a surgical procedure between February 2019 and June 2019. A three-month follow-up was recorded. Pain score was assessed with a visual analogue scale (0–10) and re-epithelialization time recorded. A total of 48 eyes from 24 patients were recruited. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/20.31 (0.00 ± 0.02 LogMAR). A total of 98% of eyes did not change corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) lines. Two percent of eyes lost one line of CDVA. Preoperative spherical equivalent was −2.67 ± 1.37 D and after three months changed to −0.21 ± 0.34 D, and 2% of eyes changed 0.50 D or more between one and three months. Pain score was 3.29 ± 0.61 (3 to 6) score points at day one and 0.08 ± 0.27 score points at day seven. Finally, re-epithelialization time was 2.50 ± 1.20 days. PRGF addition to conventional refractive treatment such as TPRK seems to alleviate immediate postoperative pain and positively contribute to corneal re-epithelization time.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Results of the IROCA international clinical audit in prostate cancer radiotherapy at six comprehensive cancer centres

To assess adherence to standard clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of patients undergoing prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy in four European countries using clinical audits as part of the international IROCA project. Multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study of 240 randomly-selected patients treated for PCa (n = 40/centre) in the year 2015 at six European hospitals. Clinical indicators applicable to general and PCa-specific radiotherapy processes were evaluated. All data were obtained directly from medical records. The audits were performed in the year 2017. Adherence to clinical protocols and practices was satisfactory, but with substantial inter-centre variability in numerous variables, as follows: staging MRI (range 27.5-87.5% of cases); presentation to multidisciplinary tumour board (2.5-100%); time elapsed between initial visit to the radiation oncology department and treatment initiation (42-102.5 days); number of treatment interruptions ≥ 1 day (7.5-97.5%). The most common deviation from standard clinical practice was inconsistent data registration, mainly failure to report data related to diagnosis, treatment, and/or adverse events. This clinical audit detected substantial inter-centre variability in adherence to standard clinical practice, most notably inconsistent record keeping. These findings confirm the value of performing clinical audits to detect deviations from standard clinical practices and procedures

Clinical and pathological characteristics of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas in a Spanish population: a retrospective study

We investigated the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in 13 sites across Spain. Relevant clinical antecedents, CD30 expression and staining pattern, prognostic indices using the International Prognostic Index and the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi system, treatments, and clinical outcomes were examined. A sizeable proportion of 175 patients had a history of immune-related disorders (autoimmune 16%, viral infections 17%, chemo/radiotherapy-treated carcinomas 19%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7·9 and 15·8 months, respectively. Prognostic indices influenced PFS and OS, with a higher number of adverse factors resulting in shorter survival (P 15% of cells were positive in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive and -negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer PTCL groups. We observed PTCL distribution across subtypes based on haematopathological re-evaluation. Poor prognosis, effect of specific prognostic indices, relevance of histopathological sub-classification, and response level to first-line treatment on outcomes were confirmed. Immune disorders amongst patients require further examination involving genetic studies and identification of associated immunosuppressive factors

Improved personalized survival prediction of patients with diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma using gene expression profiling

BACKGROUND: Thirty to forty percent of patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) have an adverse clinical evolution. The increased understanding of DLBCL biology has shed light on the clinical evolution of this pathology, leading to the discovery of prognostic factors based on gene expression data, genomic rearrangements and mutational subgroups. Nevertheless, additional efforts are needed in order to enable survival predictions at the patient level. In this study we investigated new machine learning-based models of survival using transcriptomic and clinical data. METHODS: Gene expression profiling (GEP) of in 2 different publicly available retrospective DLBCL cohorts were analyzed. Cox regression and unsupervised clustering were performed in order to identify probes associated with overall survival on the largest cohort. Random forests were created to model survival using combinations of GEP data, COO classification and clinical information. Cross-validation was used to compare model results in the training set, and Harrel's concordance index (c-index) was used to assess model's predictability. Results were validated in an independent test set. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-three and sixty-four patients were included in the training and test set, respectively. Initially we derived and validated a 4-gene expression clusterization that was independently associated with lower survival in 20% of patients. This pattern included the following genes: TNFRSF9, BIRC3, BCL2L1 and G3BP2. Thereafter, we applied machine-learning models to predict survival. A set of 102 genes was highly predictive of disease outcome, outperforming available clinical information and COO classification. The final best model integrated clinical information, COO classification, 4-gene-based clusterization and the expression levels of 50 individual genes (training set c-index, 0.8404, test set c-index, 0.7942). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that DLBCL survival models based on the application of machine learning algorithms to gene expression and clinical data can largely outperform other important prognostic variables such as disease stage and COO. Head-to-head comparisons with other risk stratification models are needed to compare its usefulness