Clogged Impeller Diagnosis in the Centrifugal Pump Using the Vibration and Motor Current Analysis

The impeller-clogging phenomenon in centrifugal pumps is such a kind of the fault that leads to increase the vibration and reduce the performance of pumps. In addition, impeller-clogging could make some problems in the production process of factories. This research assigns to the detection of clogged impeller in a centrifugal pump using the vibration and motor current analysis. In this research, a test rig is set up and one of the impeller’s passageways is clogged by the sealing tape. The clogging detection, based on the vibration analysis, is done using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The obtained results show that the dominant frequency in the impeller-clogging phenomenon is the rotational frequency of impeller (1xRPM). The measuring vibration values in three directions (horizontal, vertical, and axial) show that the clogged impeller has more effects on the axial vibration responses. Furthermore, in this case, the electrical current consumption of electromotor is reduce

The role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights. Endowment means that the property of imprisonment and its benefits should be placed in the way of God. The meaning of endowment is the permanent benefit of the endowment against the property of the endowment, and for this reason it has been called endowment, and among the benefits is the transfer of interests in the way of God and social charity. So far, several researches have been done in the field of endowments but, the study of the functions of the endowment and the role of its endowments, especially in the field of peace and human rights, has not received much attention. The basic question that has been raised and examined in this regard is that what role does endowment play in achieving peace and the standards of the third generation of human rights? The present article is a descriptive-analytical and examines the question using the library method. The results of this article indicate that positive peace focuses on health, disease and the fight against disease, poverty, social and economic inequalities, and the realization of social justice and at the same time, the components of the third generation of human rights are trying to realize such things as the right to development, the right to education and the right to occupation that due to its functions, endowment plays an important role in providing the mentioned items. In conclusion, it can be said that endowment is effective in strengthening and promoting positive peace and the components of the third generation of human rights

Comparison of Post Intubation Complications of Endotracheal Tube and Laryngeal Mask Airway in Pediatrics

Background: Postoperative sore throat, cough, nausea, apnea, and laryngospasm are common complications of intubation byendotracheal tube (ETT) in pediatrics. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a supraglottic device used as an alternative equipmentfor ETT in order to decrease the complications.Objectives: To compare the incidence of postoperative sore throat after LMA with ETT in pediatrics.Methods: Seventy-six patients between the ages of 2 - 12 with ASA class I-II who underwent cochlear implant surgery were enrolledand randomly divided into 2 groups including ETT or LMA for airway management. The incidence of complications including sorethroat, apnea, vomiting, laryngospasm, post operative cough, intra, and post operative arrhythmia and the influence of these equipment’son O2 saturation, end tidal CO2, airway pressure, and hemodynamic changes during operation were compared. Wong-Bakerfacial grimace scale was used to evaluate the severity of pain.Results: The rate of postoperative sore throat and laryngospasm in the ETT group was significantly higher than the LMA group (P =0.002, 0.011; respectively). Apnea and vomiting were not significantly different. Rate of postoperative cough, incidence of intra, andpostoperative arrhythmia were not significantly different between the two groups. Mean arterial pressure, peak airway pressure,end tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation during operation, which was measured continuously, had no significant differences betweenthe two groups.Conclusions: LMA significantly decreases the rate of postoperative sore throat and laryngospasm in pediatrics. However, the ratesof apnea, oxygen saturation, and nausea were similar in both groups. Application of LMA as an alternative to ETT is appropriate inpediatric patients

Prognostic Value of Serum Fibrinogen Level in Determining the Severity of Appendicitis Inflammation in Adult and Pediatric Patients Undergoing Appendectomy in Two Local Centres in Tehran

Background: Despite the recent advancements, negative appendectomy cases are notable, especially in children. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum fibrinogen level for the prediction of the severity of acute appendicitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children and adults who had undergone appendectomy at Ali Asghar and Rasool-e Akram hospitals, Iran, was performed. Before surgery, serum fibrinogen level was assessed by using the Clauss technique. Finally, serum fibrinogen was compared between the two groups of complicated acute appendicitis and uncomplicated ones. Results: In the adult's complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis, no significant differences were noted in gender distribution, WBC count, and segment levels. Serum fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in children with complicated appendicitis were significantly higher than those in the uncomplicated ones. Serum fibrinogen level of 450 mg/dl was the optimum cut-off for predicting the severity of appendicitis in children. Serum fibrinogen level in adults with the complicated appendicitis was significantly higher than the uncomplicated appendicitis group. Also, 530 mg/dl was found the best serum fibrinogen cut-off to predict the severity of appendicitis in adults. Conclusion: Serum fibrinogen level is an appropriate diagnostic marker for the distinction of acute complicated appendicitis from uncomplicated appendicitis in children and adults

A Comprehensive Study on the Expansion of Electric Vehicles in Europe

Funding: This research received no external funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Survey to the Implementation of Islamic Standards in the Hospitals of Iran for Attraction of Muslim Medical Tourists

Introduction: This is a survey to the implementation of Islamic standards in the hospitals of Iran for attraction of medical Muslim tourists. Method: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2013 within a number of hospitals throughout Iran. The data was collected by the check lists of Islamic standards and subsequently was analyzed using SPSS software in terms of descriptive statistic measures like average and standard deviation. Results: Implementation of Islamic standards in the sample hospitals throughout Iran got acceptable average of 88.25; considering the “J” and “O” hospitals with 91% implementation outdid other centers, while “D” and “M” hospitals met with the least success. Conclusion: globalization approach in medical tourism and outsourcings due to this, reforms health world, including policies and procedures. Islamic Republic of IRAN belong to the Islamic world manage a system with at least eight key functional by three Islamic axes. Accrediting organization schedule consume many time and make waiting period for licensing. It emphasize to establish to implementation Islamic Hospital Accreditation IHA by Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).</span

Occupational Health Problems and Safety Conditions among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Cross-sectional Study in Shiraz, Iran

Background: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) include a large part of manufacturing jobs and play an important role in developing national economics and employment. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate occupational health problems and safety conditions among SMEs in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 711 SMEs, including 371 small enterprises (fewer than 25 workers) and 340 medium enterprises (25–99 workers), in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were selected randomly among the workplaces under the coverage of social security insurance. The researcher-made questionnaire, which consisted of demographic characteristics, the frequency rate of occupational accidents, and exposure to workplace harmful agents, were distributed among participants. Findings: The results showed there were significantly more physical and chemical harmful agents in medium enterprises compared to small ones (P < 0.001). However, the frequency rate of accidents in small enterprises was significantly higher than in medium enterprises (P < 0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the studied enterprises in ergonomic hazards, except for awkward posture, whose frequency rate was significantly higher in small enterprises (P < 0.05). Finally, among the reported symptoms, the prevalence of eye, skin, ear, and respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in medium enterprises compared to small enterprises (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations in medium enterprises have led to improved OHS conditions compared to small enterprises. Therefore, small enterprises should be included in OHS regulations

Carvacrol exerts nephroprotective effect in rat model of diclofenac-induced renal injury through regulation of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory response

Diclofenac (DIC) is an NSAID that can cause toxic effects in animals and humans and carvacrol (CAR) is a monoterpene compound that displays effective pharmacological and biological actions. The purpose of this work was to assess the influences of CAR on DIC-induced renal injury and oxidative stress in male rats. The rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1, control group; Group 2 received DIC-only; Groups 3, received CAR-only and group 4 received DIC plus CAR. Changes in biochemical indexes, pathological changes, molecular biological indexes, and genes related to the inflammation of main organs were evaluated. The results of this work indicated that the amounts of the serum protein carbonyl, sGOT, sGPT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, nitrite content, MDA, serum TNF-alpha, and renal TNF-alpha gene expression were remarkably increased and the levels of the GPx, GSH, CAT, and SOD were significantly reduced in DIC-only treated animals compared to the control group. On the other hand, treatment with CAR after exposure to DIC led to significant improvements in abnormalities of DIC-induced renal injury and serum biochemical factors. The data approve that CAR diminished the deleterious effects of DIC exposure. In this regard, the findings of this study indicated that the administration of CAR could alleviate the noxious effects of DIC on the antioxidant defense system and renal tissue

A Comprehensive Study on the Expansion of Electric Vehicles in Europe

There has been a rapid increase in government efforts to expand electric vehicle markets by deploying fast-charging stations, promoting uptake through greater investment, and by enacting supportive policies. Government support and private investment have contributed to the expansion of electric vehicles in many countries. The aim of this study is to highlight and analyze the most critical aspects of the expansion of the electric vehicle market, regarding technologies, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, opportunities, and barriers in Europe. Our study analyzes the progress of electric vehicles by reviewing recent literature based on technology, policy, and government measurements. This study provides comprehensive information on electric vehicles and perspectives that are critical to policymakers, car manufacturers, consumers, and the community. To achieve favorable results, governments should invest in developing electric vehicles and battery technologies, provide subsidies, and develop charging infrastructure. Furthermore, by analyzing current EV sales in ten countries around the world, we assess the operating costs of electric vehicles. Overall EV cost of ownership is influenced by grid electricity price, cost of financing, location, carbon tax, wind speed, and solar insolation

Analgesic Effects of Additional Nitroglycerine in Intravenous Regional Lidocaine-Based Anesthesia Through Forearm Surgery

Background: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) (or Bier’s block) is the administration of a local anesthetic drug to an organ intravenously, when compressed by tourniquet. Simple use in outpatient and emergency settings, being regional instead of general anesthesia and having reasonable costs make IVRA most acceptable. Objectives: Nitroglycerine, as a safe and available medication, was evaluated by the current study in the search for better analgesia withlower complications that plays the role of a suitable adjuvant in regional anesthesia by lidocaine. Patients and Methods: Through a randomized controlled clinical trial, two types of anesthesia were used regionally for 70 cases of forearm surgery between 2010 and 2011. Elective cases of forearm surgery with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class I or II were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided to two groups of cases and controls. For the control group, lidocaine was used alone for IVRA while for the intervention group lidocaine as well as 200 µg of nitroglycerin was used through the procedure. Results: On average, sensory block started in 3.48 and 6.5 minutes, for the case and control groups, respectively. The mean motor block time was 4.18 and 6.98 minutes for the cases and controls, respectively. The groups differed in terms of times required for sensory and motor blocks. Recovery time was longer among cases (118.32 ± 7.8 minutes) when compared to the controls. Conclusions: Nitroglycerin at a dose range between 200 and 400 µg, as an adjunct for lidocaine, can evidently improve regional anesthesia, increase block recovery time and postpone the need for postoperative analgesics, especially opioids