Examinando el desplazamiento horizontal de la pared del diafragma abrazada por el puntal afectado por cimientos apilados adyacentes a excavaciones profundas urbanas

Utilizing the piled foundation is extremely important and applicable in the civil and geotechnical engineering due to the improvementin the bearing capacity. Employing urban deep excavations, on the other hand, is inevitable and examining the effect of the pile groupis significantly vital due to the nearness of adjacent structures. In this research, the effect of the pile group foundation on the diaphragm wall embraced with struts in urban deep excavations is examined using two-dimensional numerical modeling. The resultsobtained from modeling show that the horizontal distance between the foundation and the excavation edge and also the pile lengthcan significantly affect the horizontal displacement of the wall and the moment diagram imposed on the wall, so that the effect ofthe foundation on the wall is considerably reduced for the distance greater than a certain value

The Effect of Soil Reinforcement on the Stress and Strain Field Around Underground Square-Shaped Areas and its Internal Lining Efforts in Urban Areas

The passage of underground structures from the bottom of the structures on the ground causes a change in the stresses and strains created in the structure as well as the soil environment surrounding the tunnel due to the existence of an interaction between these two sides. In this way, the existence of the surface structure leads to a change in the strain and stress conditions around the tunnel, and in contrast, the tunnel also leads to a change in the stress and settlement around the structures. Therefore, such a reciprocal behavior is very important. In this research, with the help of Abaqus finite element software, two main possible conditions are considered: the creation of an underground structure in the presence of the superstructure, as well as the reverse state of the concept of constructing a building in the state in which the underground structure already exists. One of the subjects studied in this research is the physical modelling effect of the structure, rather than the effect of its wide load on the ground. Other parameters considered in this research are the number of story, the depth of the tunnel, the width of the tunnel, the thickness of the lining, the effect of changes in the soil parameters in the depth and the horizontal distance of the tunnel center from the building center. The results of this research are validated based on the results obtained by other researchers. According to the results obtained in this research, by the increase of the distance between the tunnel center and structure center and depending on the stiffness of the tunnel lining, significant asymmetric stresses are created in the superstructure. The construction of the structure before and after the tunnel construction can affect the unsymmetrical settlement of the structure The stress and strain created in the lining of the tunnel and the surrounding area are also different due to the amount of mobilized force in the reinforcements

A particle swarm algorithm for inspection optimization in serial multi-stage processes

AbstractImplementing efficient inspection policies is much important for the organizations to reduce quality related costs. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal inspection policy in serial multi-stage processes. The policy consists of three decision parameters to be optimized; i.e. the stages in which inspection occurs, tolerance of inspection, and size of sample to inspect. Total inspection cost is adopted as the performance measure of the algorithm. A numerical example is investigated in two phases, i.e. fixed sample size and sample size as a decision parameter, to ensure the practicality and validity of the proposed PSO algorithm. It is shown that PSO gives better results in comparison with two other algorithms proposed by earlier works

MODELING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB BURNOUT IN INFLUENCE OF JOB STRESS ON THE COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEES OF BRANCHES OF SADERAT BANK IN ZABOL

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of job stress on the commitment and turnover of the employees of Saderat Bank in Zabol by considering the mediating role of job burnout. The statistical population of this study consists of all employees and managers of branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol, who are currently working. According to the prosecution, the size of the population is estimated 1248 people. For sampling, the Cochran sample size formula with limited population was used. Finally, 295 statistical units were analyzed. The data collection instrument used in this study was a series of standard questionnaires. Additionally, in order to describe the data analysis and to test the hypothesis of the research, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling method have been usedand analyzed via LISREL. After analyzing the data, the results of research hypothesis testing indicate that job stress has a positive effect on job burnout and job stress has positive effect on turnover. In addition, the negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment was accepted.Keywords: Job Stress, Job Burnout, Organizational Commitment, Branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol

Information technology directors' efforts on innovation, integrated marketing communications and brand equity

Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to examine information directors in the area of communication activities related to innovation and marketing decisions in branding. Design/methodology/approach – The study is quantitative and utilized structural equation modeling technique with the approach of minimum trivial squares for analyzing the data. 130 questionnaires were distributed among information technology directors in Tehran and they form the statistical population for the research. Findings – The results suggested that innovation in integrated marketing communications has positively significant effect. In addition, both the variables of innovation and integrated marketing communications positively and significantly affect the three components of brand equity (namely, brand image, the perceived quality and brand loyalty). Originality/value – Despite the growing acknowledgment the importance of innovation, integrated marketing communications and brand equity, however, there are few studies on the role and importance of information technology directors’ efforts on innovation, integrated marketing communications and brand equity

Physiological and Morphological Responses of the ‘Dargazi’ Pear (Pyrus communis) to in vitro Salinity

Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting growth and production of plants worldwide. Improving tolerance to salinity in plants is the most effective way to increase performance. Influence of salinity on growth, physiological and biochemical responses of Pyrus communis ‘Dargazi’ explants was investigated in in vitro conditions. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg L-1 BAP (6-banzyl amino purine) and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA (Naphthaline acetic acid) supplemented with different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM. With increased salinity, the fresh weight, dry weight, the number of leaves, shoot length, chlorophyll index, multiplication index, leaf relative water content and total protein decreased. In contrast, proline, soluble sugar and activity of catalase increased

Physiological and Morphological Responses of the ‘Dargazi’ Pear (Pyrus communis) to in vitro Salinity

Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting growth and production of plants worldwide. Improving tolerance to salinity in plants is the most effective way to increase performance. Influence of salinity on growth, physiological and biochemical responses of Pyrus communis ‘Dargazi’ explants was investigated in in vitro conditions. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg L-1 BAP (6-banzyl amino purine) and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA (Naphthaline acetic acid) supplemented with different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM. With increased salinity, the fresh weight, dry weight, the number of leaves, shoot length, chlorophyll index, multiplication index, leaf relative water content and total protein decreased. In contrast, proline, soluble sugar and activity of catalase increased

Comparison of Adsorption and Encapsulation Methods in Preparation of rSAG1-loaded PLGA Nanospheres as Particulate Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Introduction: Despite all progress in vaccine research against toxoplasmosis, subunit vaccines still deal with poor immunogenicity, which could be overcome by using efficient delivery vehicles like PLGA. The proteinaceous nature of antigens makes the loading of protein more challenging than chemical medicines. Here, we prepared rSAG1-PLGA by adsorption and encapsulation methods and compared their characterizations. Methods and Results: Blank PLGA and rSAG1-encapsulated PLGA nanospheres were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. rSAG1-adsorbed PLGA nanospheres were prepared by incubating a suspension of freeze-dried blank PLGA with rSAG1 in PBS (pH 7.4) and it was mixed at 4°C overnight. Size, PDI, zeta potential, preparation yield, and adsorption/encapsulation efficiency of all prepared PLGA nanospheres were characterized and summarized in table below:   Formulation Size (nm) PDI* Zeta potential (mV) A/E efficiency (%) Yield (%) Blank PLGA 438 ± 11 0.12 ± 0.01 -5.56 ± 0.68 - 86.8 ± 3.56 rSAG1-adsorbed  PLGA 486 ± 9.9 0.14 ± 0.02 -1.00 ± 0.33 69.73 ± 3.05 87.4 ± 2.7 rSAG1-encapsulated PLGA 471 ± 8.5 0.20 ± 0.04 -4.66 ± 0.6 46.93 ± 2.51 86.8 ± 2.86 *Poly Dispersity Index, A; adsorption, E; encapsulation Moreover, in vitro release profile of both PLGA nanospheres during 4 weeks demonstrated more or less similar release pattern (zero-order release patterns). However, rSAG1 release in rSAG1-encapsulated PLGA happened slower than release in rSAG1-adsorbed one. Conclusions:  Based on obtained size, both rSAG1-adsorbed and rSAG1-encapsulated particles could be efficiently taken up by presenting cells. Higher efficiency of adsorption than encapsulation makes adsorption method more economic in large scale. Protein during encapsulation process faces some stability problems due to exposure to harsh mechanical thermal and chemical stresses affecting protein integrity and immunogenicity. Therefore, protein adsorption would be applied as a suitable method for protein loading. We are going to evaluate the efficiency of both particles in eliciting immune responses in BALB/c

New 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde S-ethylisothiosemicarbazone and its mixed-ligand Cu(II) complex with imidazole: synthesis, characterization and DFT calculation

Abstract A new Schiff base ligand of 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde S-ethyl-isothiosemicarbazone (H2L) was synthesized and its mixed-ligand Cu(II) complex was also prepared by reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with H2L and imidazole. Their structures were fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductivity and UV-Vis methods. The analytical data suggest that the metal, H2L and imidazole ratios in the Schiff base complex are 1:1:1. Single crystal diffraction was also used to better understand the molecular structure of the Cu(II) complex. The results of physico-chemical analyses of the Schiff base complex reveal the coordination geometry around the central atom is square planar. The H2L ligand (NNO donor) is coordinated to the metal center as a tridentate bionegatively agent. Another position of the square planar geometry is occupied by the imidazole ligand. Furthermore, computational studies of the new complex were performed by carrying out DFT calculations. Geometry optimization and natural band analysis of the complex is discussed in further detail