TEMPORALIDADE, MUNDANIDADE E HISTORICIDADE: CONCEITOS FUNDANTES DOS SENTIDOS DE ENFERMEIRAS-DOCENTES ACERCA DA SAÚDE MENTAL

Objetivo: Compreender os sentidos que fundam o modo de ser de enfermeiras-docente em relação à saúde mental e como a saúde mental emerge em seu cotidiano de ser docente. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na fenomenologia heideggeriana. Para apreender os sentidos utilizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica com 08 enfermeiras-docentes. A análise dos dados foi por meio da hermenêutica heideggeriana. Resultados: as enfermeiras-docente compreendem a saúde mental, na maioria das vezes, de modo impróprio como doença mental e revelam conceitos e pré-conceitos estabelecidos no seu cotidiano de ser docente, influenciados pelo modo de ser.  Conclusão: Os sentidos que fundam o modo de ser das enfermeiras-docentes em relação a saúde mental estão ligados à temporalidade, mundanidade e historicidade, subordinados tanto ao falatório do cotidiano familiar como dos processos de sua formação acadêmica, e tais sentidos emergem como algo simplesmente dado

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

A Companhia de Jesus na Índia e o Colégio de São Paulo em Goa: vicissitudes de 1552 a 1558

The Jesuit presence in the State of India dates back to 1542, when Francisco Xavier arrived in Goa. In 1548, the Jesuits founded the College of São Paulo, which became the reference center for the activities of the Society of Jesus in the East. The objective of this work is to discuss the College of São Paulo and the activities undertaken through it in the period between 1552 and 1558. In 1552 Francisco Xavier sets out on his mission to China, leaving Father Gaspar Barzeo in his place. Xavier's death still occurs in 1552 and that of Barzeo in 1553. After that, there is a period that we call in the work as a “command vacuum” in the Jesuit hierarchy in India, only remedied with the arrival of the new provincial and rector, in 1558. The sources used are contained in volumes II, III and IV of the Documenta Indica and in volume V of the Documentation for the history of the missions of the Portuguese Patronage of the East. It is concluded that the activities undertaken by these priests are, above all, cultural, religious and educational activities. Looking at these activities and their impacts on the local society at the time helps us to understand the dynamics of social and cultural interactions and power relations existing in the period studied. Key words: College of São Paulo. Company of Jesus. Goa. State of India. A presença jesuítica no Estado da Índia remonta ao ano de 1542, quando Francisco Xavier chega a Goa. Em 1548, os jesuítas fundam o Colégio de São Paulo, que passa a ser o centro referencial das atividades da Companhia de Jesus no Oriente. O objetivo deste artigo é versar sobre o Colégio de São Paulo e as atividades por meio dele empreendidas no período entre 1552 e 1558. Em 1552 Francisco Xavier sai em sua missão rumo à China, deixando em seu lugar o padre Gaspar Barzeo. A morte de Xavier ocorre ainda em 1552 e a de Barzeo em 1553. Depois disso, há um período que denominamos no trabalho como um “vazio de comando” na hierarquia jesuítica na Índia, apenas sanada com a chegada dos novos provincial e reitor, em 1558. A fontes utilizadas estão contidas nos volumes II, III e IV da Documenta Indica e no volume V da Documentação para a história das missões do Padroado português do Oriente. Conclui-se que as atividades empreendidas por estes padres são, sobretudo, atividades culturais, religiosas, educacionais. Olhar para tais atividades e seus impactos na sociedade local da época nos ajudam a compreender a dinâmica das interações sociais, culturais e das relações de poder existentes no período estudado.Palavras-chave: Colégio de São Paulo. Companhia de Jesus. Goa. Estado da Índia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution