Multilinguismo no mundo digital: experiência profissional na empresa Light Speck

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação MultilingueO presente relatório pretende analisar o estágio curricular de quatro meses efetuado na empresa Light Speck - Web Development, que decorreu nas instalações da Incubadora de Iniciativas Empresariais Inovadoras em Arcos de Valdevez. O estágio é uma componente curricular integrante do último ano do Mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue na Universidade do Minho, e constitui um momento crucial na construção do perfil profissional, possibilitando a verificação e aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso. O relatório procura na primeira fase descrever o fenómeno de Multilinguismo com base na revisão da literatura e as estatísticas da presença das línguas no mundo digital. A parte seguinte apresenta as relações entre os conceitos de Tradução e de Localização, confrontando as definições ambíguas já existentes, e delimitando as noções de internacionalização e globalização no âmbito dos serviços linguísticos. Este capítulo foi dedicado também à questão da importância da tradução na estratégia de comunicação global das empresas. Seguidamente foi apresentado o enquadramento metodológico, estrutura e organização do estágio, formação recebida e as ferramentas de trabalho utilizadas. Na última parte encontra-se o registo do trabalho efetuado que englobou cinco diferentes ramos de atividade: tradução, localização, interpretação, Marketing Digital e Relações Públicas, com uma apresentação das maiores dificuldades encontradas durante o estágio. No último capítulo analisa-se também os desafios e as soluções propostas, resultantes da aplicação das práticas adequadas as especificações e exigências de cada uma das tarefas. O presente trabalho procura contribuir cientificamente para a pesquisa na área da Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue em contexto dos projetos multidisciplinares.This report analyzes the four-month internship in the company Light Speck - Web Development, held in the facilities of Innovative Business Initiatives Incubator in Arcos de Valdevez. The internship is an integral curricular component of the final year of the Master in Translation and Multilingual Communication at the University of Minho and is a crucial moment in the building of the professional profile, enabling the verification and application of knowledge acquired throughout the course. In the first stage the report searched to describe phenomena of Multilingualism basing on literature review and statistics of the language presence in a digital world. The next part present relations between the concepts of Translation and Localization, confronting existing ambiguous definitions, and delimit the internationalization and globalization terms within the language services. The same chapter was also dedicated to the question of the importance of translation in global communication strategy of the enterprises. Thereafter it was presented the methodological framework, structure and organization of the internship with descriptions of the tools used at work. In the last part we can find record of the work done that involved differents areas of activity: translation, localization, interpretation, Marketing Digital, Public Relations with a presentation of the major difficulties encountered during the internship. The last chapter analyzes the proposed solutions resulting from the application of practices appropriate for the specifications and requirements of each task. The work presented also aims to contribute to the research on Translation and Multilingual Communication in the context of multidisciplinary projects

Teratogenesis

The world today is experiencing a period of rapid technological versatile. Unfortunately, this development has its negative consequences. Dumping in an atmosphere of chemical waste, except to other effects, not pass without consequences on human health and in particular in the period in which it is being formed and developed a future individual, i.e. during pregnancy. It is known that the first quarter of this period is sensitive because it is precisely this period in which take originated all the structures of the developing organism. Fall into contact with substances assigned in this period, resulting in serious consequences in the future of the individual to be born. In some cases turns out that the substances are considered as medications may have teratogenic effects. Some are known and are removed from use, some are under study, but may have also some widely used and that can be such.Keywords: teratogenic problems, malformations, toxicology, growth delay, cell death, etc.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. ANUGRAH SINAR ABADI DI CIMAHI

Manajemen sumber daya manusia itu sendiri memiliki peranan penting untuk mengatur pengelolaan sumber daya manusia agar memberikan hasil maksimal dan memiliki loyalitas yang tinggi. Permasalahan yang dialami pada perusahaan PT. Anugrah Sinar Abadi adalah menurunnya kinerja karyawan, diduga yang menyebabkan menurunnya kinerja karyawan adalah motivasi dan disiplin kerja yang masih kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana keadaan motivasi, disiplin kerja serta bagaimana pengaruh diantara motivasi dan disiplin terhadap kinerja. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 131 karyawan di perusahaan PT. Anugrah Sinar Abadi. Selanjutnya diambil sampel dengan menggunakan rumus slovin sehingga di dapatkan sampel sebanyak 98. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui motivasi kerja karyawan, kedisiplinan, dan seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi dan kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Anugrah Sinar Abadi. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif verifikatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi dan kedisiplinan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Anugrah Sinar Abadi. Dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji F menunjukan bahwa Fhitung sebesar 68,623 lebih besar dari Ftabel dan memiliki signifikansi 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang artinya motivasi dan kedisiplinan memiliki pengaruh yang simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Anugrah Sinar Abadi

Social and economical consequences of people getting old:the case of Lithuania's analyses

Gyventojų senėjimas yra laikomas svarbiu žmonijos laimėjimu. Nors, gyventojų senėjimas yra sveikintinas reiškinys, tuo pat metu jis yra ir sudėtingas, sukeliantis įvairių socialinių ir ekonominių pasekmių. Lietuvoje gyventojų amžiaus ilgėjimas fiksuotas kartu su gimstamumo mažėjimu, praeitame dešimtmetyje. Šie pokyčiai lėmė pagyvenusių žmonių dalies didėjimą, t.y. visuomenės demografinį senėjimą. Dėl ko, būtina peržiūrėti ir naujiems poreikiams pritaikyti turimus visuomenės išteklius, pirmiausia – ekonomikos ir socialinio saugumo. Siekiant sureguliuoti socialinę situaciją pasitelkiamas mokslas (atliekami demografiniai tyrimai), rengiamos socialinės ir ekonominės raidos prognozės, gyventojų senėjimo pasekmių įveikimo strategijos ir pan. Pagal Statistikos departamento paskelbtus išankstinius duomenis 2004 m. pradžioje Lietuvoje gyveno 246,9 tūkst. gyventojų mažiau, negu 2001-iųjų pradžioje (2004 m. – 3445,7 tūkst. gyventojų, 2001 m. 3692,6 tūkst.). Mažėjant gyventojų skaičiui (dėl mažo gimstamumo ir migracijos) ir keičiantis gyventojų amžiaus struktūroms iškyla naujų socialinių ir ekonominių problemų. Pirmiausia, didėja ekonomine našta darbingiems gyventojams. Darbe nagrinėjami Lietuvos demografiniai procesai (gimstamumas, vidutinio gyvenimo trukmė, migracija), socialinė statistika (gyventojų surašymo duomenys) ir raida, aptariamas gyventojų senėjimo pobūdis ir tendencijos, senstančių visuomenų problemos, analizuojama gyventojų senėjimo ir socialinių ekonominių procesų sąveika, esamos ir būsimos pasekmės, galimi jų sprendimo būdai. Aptariama Nacionalinė stragegija, jos ištakos, tikslai ir uždaviniai, įgyvendinimo problemos.Ageing is considered to be one of the most important achievements of the manhind. Though, it is a very positive phenomenon, it is a very complex phenomenom too.It arises not one economical & social outcome. We marked the increase of the eldery at the same time when we stated the decrese of the newly born in Lithuania in the last decade. The changes determined the growing number of the eldery – it means it marked demographical ageing of the society. For this very reason we have to reconsider and adjust to the new needs our social resources mainly economical & social guarantees. Trying to regulate the social situation scientific research is being applied. ( demographical researh), Special social & economical development forecasts are being made, overcoming negative aspects of ageing, making strategies for thet & so on…According to the advanced data of the Department of the Statistics, there were 249,9 thousand inhabitants less than at the beginning of 2001.All this is because of decresing number of newborns. Due to the decrese of inhabitants and due to the changes in age structures, new social and ecinomical problems arise. The major problem is that the burden sits on employable people. Items being approached are : demographical aspects in LT , social statistics, migration, tendences due to age changes as well as goals and tasks of National Strategy.Švietimo akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

The Effect of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Course of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapy

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly associated with a modern lifestyle. The prevalence of MetS has reached epidemic proportion and is still rising. The main cause of MetS and finally type 2 diabetes occurrence is excessive nutrient intake, lack of physical activity, and inflammatory cytokines secretion. These factors lead to redistribution of body fat and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurrence, resulting in insulin resistance, increase adipocyte differentiation, and much elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Cellular therapies, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, seem to be promising in the MetS and type 2 diabetes treatments, due to their immunomodulatory effect and multipotent capacity; adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play a crucial role in MSC-based cellular therapies. In this review, we focused on etiopathology of MetS, especially on the crosstalk between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress and their effect on MetS-related disease occurrence, as well as future perspectives of cellular therapies. We also provide an overview of therapeutic approaches that target endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress

Moral hazard and its implications on health insurance sector – overview of impact of COVID-19 pandemic

Kenneth J. Arrow’s disruptive work, 'Medical Uncertainty and Welfare Economics’, published in 1963, was one of the first studies investigating the effects of moral hazard on the healthcare sector. Since then, countless works exploring that subject have been published. The history of research on moral hazard in medical insurance shows that this concept is defined differently in other areas of the economy than healthcare. Purpose – The proposed work is an attempt to understand and conceptualize the moral hazard in health insurance. As uncommon circumstances marked 2020, we now consider health insurance through the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This work discusses the results of an investigation of the impact of moral hazard and its implications on the health insurance sector during COVID-19. Research method – The author designed and conducted a study that presented several metrics involving the distribution of medical expenditures, the effect of price on medical care consumption, the PLS (profit and loss sharing) concept, and their mediating and moderating effect on moral hazard in the insurance sector. Results – There is a statistically significant and very strong relationship with a positive sign (β = 0.79; p <0.001) between the price effect and the moral hazard. The analyses show also that the price effect coexists statistically with the PLS, and the relationship between these variables is moderately strong and positive (β = 0.79; p <0.001). Originality – Insignificant relationship between the PLS and the moral hazard can be seen while the price is entered into the model (β = 0.03; p = 0.450). The lack of mediation could confirm that the price effect plays a major role in a moral [email protected] of Law and Economy, Kazimierz Wielki UniversityArrow K.J., 1963, Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care, “The American Economic Review”, Vol. 53(5), pp. 941–973.Baron R.M., Kenny D.A., 1986, The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, “Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, Vol. 51(6), pp. 1173–1182, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.Bedyńska S., Książek M., 2012, Statystyczny drogowskaz: Praktyczny przewodnik wykorzystania modeli regresji oraz równań strukturalnych, 3 3. Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno: Wydawnictwo Academica, Warszawa.Bolhaar J., Lindeboom M., van der Klaauw B., 2012, A dynamic analysis of the demand for health insurance and health care, “European Economic Review”, Vol. 56(4), pp. 669–690, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.03.002.Boudreaux M.H., Golberstein E., McAlpine D.D., 2016, The long-term impacts of Medicaid exposure in early childhood: Evidence from the program’s origin, “Journal of Health Economics”, Vol. 45, pp. 161–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.11.001.Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2021, Wyniki finansowe zakładów ubezpieczeń w 2020 roku, Departament Studiów Makroekonomicznych i Finansów, Warszawa.Deutsche Bank (DB), 2020, European insurers: Solvency matters – April 2020, Research Report, Frankfurt.Einav L., Finkelstein A., 2018, Moral Hazard in Health Insurance: What We Know and How We Know It, “Journal of the European Economic Association”, Vol. 16(4), pp. 957–982, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy017.Finkelstein A., 2007, The Aggregate Effects of Health Insurance: Evidence from the Introduction of Medicare, “The Quarterly Journal of Economics”, Vol. 122(1), pp. 1–37, https:// doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.1.1.Folland S., Goodman A. C., Stano M., Suchecka J., Korona M., Siciarek M., 2011, Ekonomia zdrowia i opieki zdrowotnej, Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warszawa.Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2021, Wyniki finansowe zakładów ubezpieczeń w 2020 roku, Departament Studiów Makroekonomicznych i Finansów, Warszawa.Hayes A.F., 2018, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (Second edition), Guilford Press, New York.Hurley J., 2000, An overview of the normative economics of the health sector, , “Handbook of Health Economics”, Vol. 1, pp. 55–118, https://ideas.repec.org/h/eee/heachp/1-02.html [data dostępu: 7.03.2022].Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego (KNF), Raport o stanie sektora ubezpieczeń po I półroczu 2020, Warszawa.Kowalski A., 2016, Censored Quantile Instrumental Variable Estimates of the Price Elasticity of Expenditure on Medical Care, “Journal of Business & Economic Statistics”, Vol. 34(1), pp. 107–117, https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2015.1004072.Laskowska I., 2015, Private health insurance and the problem of moral hazard, “Problemy Zarządzania”, Vol. 13(53), pp. 58–68, https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.53.3.Manning W.G., Marquis M.S., 1989, Health insurance: The trade-off between risk pooling and moral hazard, Rand Corp., Santa Monica.Morris S., Devlin N., Parkin D., Nojszewska E., Próchniak M., Ciżkowicz P., 2011, Ekonomia w ochronie zdrowia, Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warszawa.Nyman J.A., 2004, Is ‘Moral Hazard’ Inefficient? The Policy Implications Of A New Theory, “Health Affairs”, Vol. 23(5), pp. 194–199, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.23.5.194.Pauly M.V., 1968, On the Theory of Optimum Externality: Comment, “The American Economic Review”, Vol. 58(3), pp. 528–529.Pauly M.V., 2007, The Truth About Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection, “SSRN Electronic Journal”, No. 37, pp. 1–23, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1822442.Suchecka J., Szmigiel T., 2003, Hazard moralny w ubezpieczeniach zdrowotnych, „Inwestycje Finansowe i Ubezpieczenia – Tendencje Światowe a Polski Rynek”, No. 991, pp. 597–604.Swiss Re, 2018, National catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2017: A year of record breaking losses, “Sigma”, No. 1, pp. 1–58.Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS), 2020, European insurance: Solvency II monthly monitor – stand and deliver, “Global Research Report”, 1 April 2020.van Dijk C.E., van den Berg B., Verheij R.A., Spreeuwenberg P., Groenewegen P.P., de Bakker D.H., 2013, Moral hazard and supplier-induced demand: empirical evidence in general practice, “Health Economics”, Vol. 22(3), pp. 340–352, https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2801.Willis Towers Watson (WTW), 2020, Scenario Analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic: Analysis of key classes in the US and UK P&C Insurance Industries, 1 May 2020.Zweifel P., Manning W., 2000, Moral hazard and consumer incentives in health care, [in:] Handbook of Health Economics, Culyer A.J., Newhouse J.P. (eds.), Vol. 1, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:heachp:1-08 (date of entry: 1.08.2021).1(107)11312

Erratum - Comparison of recorded and calculated photoacoustic spectra of dye solutions

No abstract availabl

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Show Reduced “Stemness” through an Altered Secretome Profile, Impaired Anti-Oxidative Protection, and Mitochondrial Dynamics Deterioration

The widespread epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggests that both disorders are closely linked. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) transplantation is efficient and safe. Moreover, scientists have already highlighted the therapeutic capacity of their secretomes. In this study, we used quantitative PCR, a flow cytometry-based system, the ELISA method, spectrophotometry, and confocal and scanning electron microscopy, to compare the differences in proliferation activity, viability, morphology, mitochondrial dynamics, mRNA and miRNA expression, as well as the secretory activity of ASCs derived from two donor groups&#8212;non-diabetic and T2D patients. We demonstrated that ASCs from T2D patients showed a reduced viability and a proliferative potential. Moreover, they exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence phenotype, due to excessive oxidative stress. Significant differences were observed in the expressions of miRNA involved in cell proliferations (miR-16-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-145-5p), as well as miRNA and genes responsible for glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (miR-24-3p, 140-3p, miR-17-5p, SIRT1, HIF-1&#945;, LIN28, FOXO1, and TGF&#946;). We have observed a similar correlation of miR-16-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-24-3p, 140-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-145-5p expression in extracellular vesicles fraction. Furthermore, we have shown that ASCT2D exhibited a lower VEGF, adiponectin, and CXCL-12 secretion, but showed an overproduction of leptin. We have shown that type 2 diabetes attenuated crucial functions of ASC, like proliferation, viability, and secretory activity, which highly reduced their therapeutic efficiency

Inhibition of the Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMPTP) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Hepatic Progenitor Cells Lipotoxicity—Short Communication

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In accordance with the theory linking obesity and IR, excessive accumulation of lipids in insulin-sensitive tissues (lipotoxicity), like liver, alters several cellular functions, including insulin signaling. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to isolate equine hepatic progenitor-like cells (HPCs) and assess whether inhibition of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) affects the expression of genes involved in macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dynamics in a palmitate-induced IR model. We demonstrated that LMPTP inhibition significantly enhanced expression of heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (HSC70), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), and parkin (PRKN), all master regulators of selective autophagy. We also observed downregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and binding immunoglobulin protein encoded by the HSPA gene. Moreover, LMPTP inhibition increased alternative splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), suggesting high endonuclease activity of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1&alpha;). Taken together, our data provide convincing evidence that LMPTP inhibition reverses palmitate-induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of LMPTP in the regulation of CMA, mitophagy, and ER stress, and provides a new in vitro model for studying HPC lipotoxicity in pre-clinical research

Teratogenesis

The world today is experiencing a period of rapid technological versatile. Unfortunately, this development has its negative consequences. Dumping in an atmosphere of chemical waste, except to other effects, not pass without consequences on human health and in particular in the period in which it is being formed and developed a future individual, i.e. during pregnancy. It is known that the first quarter of this period is sensitive because it is precisely this period in which take originated all the structures of the developing organism. Fall into contact with substances assigned in this period, resulting in serious consequences in the future of the individual to be born. In some cases turns out that the substances are considered as medications may have teratogenic effects. Some are known and are removed from use, some are under study, but may have also some widely used and that can be such.Keywords: teratogenic problems, malformations, toxicology, growth delay, cell death, etc.