Semiorthogonal B-spline Wavelet for Solving 2D- Nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein Integral Equations

This work is concerned with the study of the second order (linear) semiorthogonal B-spline wavelet method to solve one-dimensional nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations of the second kind. Proof of the existence and uniqueness solution for the two-dimensional Fredholm-Hammerstein nonlinear integral equations of the second kind was introduced. Moreover, generalization the second order (linear) semiorthogonal B-spline wavelet method was achieved and then using it to solve two-dimensional nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations of the second kind. This method transform the one-dimensional and two-dimensional nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations of the second kind to a system of algebraic equations by expanding the unknown function as second order (linear) semiorthogonal B-spline wavelet with unknown coefficients. The properties of these wavelets functions are then utilized to evaluate the unknown coefficients. Also some of illustrative examples which show that the second order (linear) semiorthogonalB-spline wavelet method give good agreement with the exact solutions

Block by Block and Finite Difference Hybrid Method to Solve Linear and Nonlinear Volterra Integro-Partial Differential Equations

In this paper a hybrid consistency of  Block by Block method and finite difference method was proposed to solve two-dimensional linear and nonlinear Volterra integro-partial differential equations. This hybridization  is based on using both finite difference forward formal method for derivatives required for the formulation and then applying Block by Block method. The numerical solution of  examples and the comparison  with  the corresponding exact solution are performed and the results  revealed that the method gives  good accuracy and an efficiency of this hybridization

Synthesis, structural and antibacterial study of new silver complex with 3-acetyl-2H chromene-2-one

A new silver complex [Ag(C11H8O3)2]NO3 was synthesized by the reaction of silver nitrateand coumarin based ligand (3-acetyl-2H-chromene-2-one) through solution method. The product was characterized using different analytical techniques like melting point, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. An antibacterial study of the complex was also studied for its possible use in medical treatment. KEY WORDS: Silver complex, Acetyl coumarin, Vibrational analysis, Antibacterial study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2016, 30(3), 403-411DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v30i3.

Synthesis, X-ray analysis and antibacterial study of silver complex with ethyl-5-hydroxy- 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate

ABSTRACT. A novel silver complex [Ag(C12H9O5)2] was synthesized by the reaction of silver salt (AgNO3)and coumarin based ligand (ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-Chromene-3-carboxylate) at room temperature. The synthesized complex was characterized by using different analytical techniques like melting point (mp), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ligand showed activity with MIC 20 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL for S. aurues, E. coli and S. typhi, respectively whereas MIC values of Ag-complex for above mentioned bacterial strains were found to be 15 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, respectively.  Ligand could not inhibit the growth of B. Subtilis, P. auruginosa, MRSA but Ag-complex showed MIC 30 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL for B. Subtilis and P. auruginosa. It also remained ineffective against MRSA. KEY WORDS: Silver complex, Ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-Chromene-3-carboxylate, Antibacterial study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019, 33(3), 467-474. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v33i3.

CRT-700.53 Risk of Heart Block Development in Surgical Management of Congenital Heart Disease

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding the risk for heart block during surgical repair of congenital heart disease (CHD). We sought to identify the prevalence and prognosis of heart block in patient’s requiring surgical intervention for CHD. Methods: National Inpatient Sample 2016-2019 was used to conduct a retrospective analysis by identifying a cohort of patients admitted for surgical management for atrial septal defect repair/replacement (ASDR), ventricular septal defect repair/replacement (VSDR) and patent ductus arteriosus closure (PDAC) using respective ICD-10 codes. Primary outcome was the risk of developing heart blocks including atrioventricular and bundle branch/fascicular blocks which was assessed with multivariate logistic regression model. Results: 7.6% patients with ASD underwent ASDR, 10.4% patients with VSD underwent VSDR and 8.8% patients with PDA underwent PDAC. Heart blocks were observed in 12% of ASD patients undergoing ASDR, 10% of VSD patients undergoing VSDR and 8.8% of PDA patients undergoing PDAC. Mean age was 38.9 years for patients undergoing ASDR developing heart blocks, 11.48 years for patients undergoing VSDR developing heart blocks and 10.3 months for patients undergoing PDAC developing heart blocks. On analysis of patients who developed heart blocks after undergoing surgery for CHD, we found that 51.5% were males, 48.4% were females, 57.8% were white, 12.7% were African-American and 17.6% were Hispanic. ASDR was associated with increased odds of developing heart blocks in patients with ASD (OR 3.89, CI 3.6-4.2, p\u3c0.001) and VSDR was associated with increased odds of developing heart blocks in VSD patients (OR 9.31, CI 8-10.7, p\u3c0.001). While, PDAC was associated with even higher odds of developing heart blocks in PDA patients (OR 12.75, CI 10.4-15.6, p\u3c0.001). ASDR was associated with decreased mortality in ASD patients (OR 0.85, CI 0.74-0.98, p=0.036), VSDR had no significant association with mortality in VSD patients (OR 0.99, p=0.9) and PDAC was associated with minimally increased mortality (OR 1.16, CI 1.001-1.36, p=0.04). Conclusion: Heart blocks are prevalent among the patients undergoing surgical treatment for CHD. Surgical repair of CHD is strongly associated with the risk of developing heart blocks, highest risk being with PDAC followed by VSDR and ASDR

Evaluation of Protective Activity of Curcumin in Reducing Methotrexate Induced Liver Cells Injury: An Experimental Study on Iraqi White Domestic Rabbits

المقدمة: إصابات خلايا الكبد والخلل في وظائفةمنالمشاكل الشائعة في الممارسات الطبية. معظم العقاقير شائعة الاستخدام من الممكن ان تؤدي الى التهاب الكبد او خلل في وظائفة، مثلا المضادات الحيوية، مسكنات الالم مثل الباراسيتامول وغيرة، الأدوية المضادة للسرطان، تناول الكحول، والمواد الكيميائية السامة الأخرى المستخدمة في الصناعة. على الرغم من أن الميثوتريكسيت هو عامل  فعال مضاد للسرطان، فهو كذلك يستخدم على نطاق واسع في علاج العديد من الحالات غير السرطانية كالأمراض الجلدية والروماتيزملانة مضاد للمناعة. الكركميحتوي على مجموعة متنوعة من المواد الطبيعية مع خصائص مضادة للأكسدة قوية وفعالة في مكافحة الإجهاد التأكسدي الناجم عن تناول الميثوتريكسيت. الهدف من الدراسة: أولا لمعرفة تأثير دواء الميثوتريكست على انسجة الكبد، وثانيا دراسة النشاط الوقائي لمادة الكركم في الحد من تاثير هذا الدواء على انسجة الكبد. المواد والطرق: تمت الدراسة على الارانب البيضاء العراقية وقد تم فصل الحيوانات عشوائيا إلى ثلاث مجموعات. مجموعة السيطرة، مجموعة ميثوتريكسيت، ومجموعة الكركم. النتائج: أثبتت نتائج مستويات البيليروبينوإنزيمات الكبد في مصل الدم والفحوصات النسيجية على انسجة الكبد عن التهاب الكبد الحاد نتيجة تأثير علاج الميثوتريكسيت، وتشير البتائج عن توليد الأكسجين التفاعلي (روس)، ونقص في آليات الدفاع المضادللأكسدة. الاستنتاج: أثبتت الدراسة ان لمادة الكركم تأثير مضاد للاكسدة وباستطاعتة التقليل من التاثيرات الجانبية لدواء الميثوتريكسيت على انسجة الكبد. التوصية: توصي الدراسة باستخدام مادة الكركم في الممارسة السريرية وخاصة للمرض الذين يستخدمون العلاجات الكيمياويةكونة مكمل غذائي وكونةمادة طبيعية ومضاد قوي للاكسدة. الكلمات مفتاحيه: الميثوتريكست، الكركم، سمية الخلايا الكبديه.Background: Hepatotoxicity is a common problem in medical practice, most of the commonly used drugs are potentially hepatotoxic. Although Methotrexate is a hepa- toxic drug, it is widely used in the treatment of many cancerous and non-cancerous conditions because of its cytotoxic and immunosuppressant activity. Curcumin con- tains a variety of natural substances with antioxidant properties, it is widely used in  folk medicine.Antioxidant activity of Curcumin can reduce liver cell injury induced by Methotrexate administration. Objective: The research aims to study the methotrexate hepatoxicity on rabbits, and the hepatoprotective activity of Curcumin. Materials and Methods: Thirty white domestic rabbits were bought from animal market and grouped randomly into three groups; control group received intraperitoneal normal saline, methotrexate group received 6.5 mg/Kgm body weight intraperitoneal methotrexate, and curcumin group received oral Curcumin in addition to intraperitoneal methotrexate. Results: The study showed abnormal liver function tests, INR, liver tissues oxida- tive markers, and liver cell injury on histopathology in Methotrexate group, and normal findings in Curcumin groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Methotrexate is a hepatotoxic drug. The results also shoe that the concomitant administration of Curcumin reduced hepatotoxicity. Recommendation: It is recommended to use of Curcumin in clinical practice as a food supplement to patient receiving methotrexate to reduce hepatotoxicity

Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment practices of private physicians in Karachi, Pakistan

In a densely populated urban area of Karachi, Pakistan, a questionnaire survey was made of the knowledge and practices of 120 private general practitioners about the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The majority knew that cough, fever and weight loss were the main symptoms of TB, but less than half knew that blood in sputum, poor appetite and chest pain were associated with the disease. Only 58.3% of physicians used sputum microscopy for diagnosing TB and 35.0% used it as a follow-up test. Only 41.7% treated TB patients themselves, the remaining referring their patients to specialists. Around 73.3% of the doctors were aware of the 4 first-line anti-TB drugs. Efforts to improve the knowledge of private practitioners, and strategies to enhance public-private collaboration forTB control in urban areas are urgently required

Types of the Fiber Glass-Mat on Fatigue Characteristic of Composite Materials at Constant Fiber Volume Fraction: Experimental Determination

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the type of fiber glass mat on fatigue behavior of composite material which is manufactured from polyester and E-glass (woven roving, chopped strand mat (CSM)) as a laminate with a constant fiber volume fraction (VF) of 33%. The results showed that the laminates reinforced with E-glass (woven roving) [0/90, ±45.0/90] and [0/90, CSM, 0/90] have lower fatigue strength than the laminates reinforced with E-glass [0/90]3,[CSM]3 and [CSM, 0/90, CSM] although they had different tensile strength; the best laminate was [0/90]3

Modelling and Simulation of Dissolution/Reprecipitation Technique for Low-Density Polyethene Using Solvent/Non-Solvent System

The global production and consumption of plastics have continued to increase. Plastics degrade slowly, causing persistent environmental pollution Developed waste plastic recycling methods are discussed in this report, with a focus on the dissolution/reprecipitation technique to restore low-density polyethene (LDPE) wastes. Aspen HYSYS is used to simulate the recycling of waste LDPE. Turpentine/petroleum ether (TURP/PetE) is chosen as solvent/non-solvent with fractions proved efficient through laboratory experiments. PetE is selected to be the non-solvent used for the precipitation of pure LDPE. The feedstock is assumed to be LDPE products containing additives such as dye. The simulation model developed estimated a pure LDPE precipitate recovery with a composition of 99% LDPE with a flowrate of 1024 tonnes per year. In addition, Aspen HYSYS could approximate a rough cost estimate that includes utility cost, installation cost and other factors. Technical challenges were eliminated, and several assumptions were taken into consideration to be able to simulate the process

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: OUTCOME OF FIRST 202 CASES IN A DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN GILGIT

BACKGROUND: The incidence of gall stone disease is on the rise in Gilgit Baltistan. The objectives of the study were to assess the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of conversion rate and postoperative morbidity, in The Aga Khan Medical Centre Gilgit. METHODS: It was descriptive case series. All patients that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between June 2009 to May 2014 were included. The data was collected prospectively. Demographic features, operative time, and hospital stay were studied. Postoperative complications were documented and evaluated according to outcome measures (bile duct injuries, morbidity, mortality, conversion rates, wound infections). RESULTS: A total of 202 consecutive patients were enrolled with a mean age of 49±15 years. There were 164 (81%) female and 38(19%.) male patients. Twenty nine (15%) patients had hypertension, 51 (25%) patients had diabetes mellitus as comorbid conditions. The mean operative time was 54±21 minutes. The operative time was longer in 52 (26%) patients. Three patients (1.5%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy due to obscured anatomy in the area of Calot\u27s triangle, and empyema gallbladder. The mean hospital stay was 2±0.7 days. No common bile duct injury, solid organ or bowel injury occurred in this study. The mean follow up duration was 30±15 months. Postoperative complications include, port site infection in 8 (2%) patient, chest infection in 5 (2.4%) patients, and one (0.5%) patient had myocardial infarction. There was no mortality reported in this group of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure with advantages of decreased wound infection, less pain, decreased hospital stay, and early recovery