Learning nonlinear monotone classifiers using the Choquet Integral

In der jüngeren Vergangenheit hat das Lernen von Vorhersagemodellen, die eine monotone Beziehung zwischen Ein- und Ausgabevariablen garantieren, wachsende Aufmerksamkeit im Bereich des maschinellen Lernens erlangt. Besonders für flexible nichtlineare Modelle stellt die Gewährleistung der Monotonie eine große Herausforderung für die Umsetzung dar. Die vorgelegte Arbeit nutzt das Choquet Integral als mathematische Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Modelle für nichtlineare Klassifikationsaufgaben. Neben den bekannten Einsatzgebieten des Choquet-Integrals als flexible Aggregationsfunktion in multi-kriteriellen Entscheidungsverfahren, findet der Formalismus damit Eingang als wichtiges Werkzeug für Modelle des maschinellen Lernens. Neben dem Vorteil, Monotonie und Flexibilität auf elegante Weise mathematisch vereinbar zu machen, bietet das Choquet-Integral Möglichkeiten zur Quantifizierung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gruppen von Attributen der Eingabedaten, wodurch interpretierbare Modelle gewonnen werden können. In der Arbeit werden konkrete Methoden für das Lernen mit dem Choquet Integral entwickelt, welche zwei unterschiedliche Ansätze nutzen, die Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung und die strukturelle Risikominimierung. Während der erste Ansatz zu einer Verallgemeinerung der logistischen Regression führt, wird der zweite mit Hilfe von Support-Vektor-Maschinen realisiert. In beiden Fällen wird das Lernproblem imWesentlichen auf die Parameter-Identifikation von Fuzzy-Maßen für das Choquet Integral zurückgeführt. Die exponentielle Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden zur Modellierung aller Attribut-Teilmengen stellt dabei besondere Herausforderungen im Hinblick auf Laufzeitkomplexität und Generalisierungsleistung. Vor deren Hintergrund werden die beiden Ansätze praktisch bewertet und auch theoretisch analysiert. Zudem werden auch geeignete Verfahren zur Komplexitätsreduktion und Modellregularisierung vorgeschlagen und untersucht. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse sind auch für anspruchsvolle Referenzprobleme im Vergleich mit aktuellen Verfahren sehr gut und heben die Nützlichkeit der Kombination aus Monotonie und Flexibilität des Choquet Integrals in verschiedenen Ansätzen des maschinellen Lernens hervor

Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in Iranian white and cream cheese

A screening survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was accomplished on 210 cheese samples composed of white cheese (116 samples) and cream cheese (94 samples) purchased from popular markets in central part of Iran (Esfahan and Yazd provinces). The quantitative analysis of AFM1 levels in the samples was performed by using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Aflatoxin M1 at measurable level (50 ng/kg) was detected in 161 (76.6%) samples, consisting of 93 (80.1%) white and 68 (72.3%) cream cheese samples. The concentration of AFM1 in the samples ranged from 52.1 to 785.4 ng/kg. Comparing to legal regulation (250 ng/kg) accepted by some of the countries, 24.2% of the samples exceeded the accepted limit. Among these, the AFM1 levels in 28.4% of white and 19.1% of cream cheese samples were not in accordance with the safety limit. The results indicated that contamination of the samples with AFM1 in such a level appear to be a potential hazard for public health. This paper represents the data of the first survey on the occurrence of AFM1 in cheeses consumed in central part of Ira

A New Object Selecting Technique for Visualization of Large Datasets

Non

Evaluating the Effects of Different Levels of Medicinal Plant Powder of Teucrium Polium on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology and Antioxidant Status of Blood Serum in Broiler

This study was done to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered medicinal plant of Teucrium polium on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status of blood serum in broiler. For this experiment, 180 one-day old broilers of Soye of 308- Ras were randomly allotted with 5 treatments and 3 replicates (12 broilers per replicate). Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration without additives as a control, 2) treatment with 0.5% Teucrium powder, 3) treatment with 1% Teucrium powder, 4) treatment with 1.5% Teucrium powder and 5) treatment containing 2% Teucrium powder. The results showed that the use of Teucrium powder had no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Although level of 1.5% significantly increased the weight in growing period and the level of 2% significantly decreased weight during the beginning and total period of experiment (P >0.05). Birds recipient of Teucrium powder had no significant difference in carcass components and different parts of the intestine (P<0.05), except the level of 2% that decreased the percent of breast and increased the percent of gizzard. Treatments containing 1.5 and 2% of Teucrium were significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of total blood serum (P>0.05), but the level of malondialdehyde was not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). The present research's results indicated that the use of Teucrium powder improves growth performance, antioxidant status in broilers

Evaluating the Effects of Different Levels of Medicinal Plant Powder of Teucrium Polium on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology and Antioxidant Status of Blood Serum in Broiler

This study was done to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered medicinal plant of Teucrium polium on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status of blood serum in broiler. For this experiment, 180 one-day old broilers of Soye of 308- Ras were randomly allotted with 5 treatments and 3 replicates (12 broilers per replicate). Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration without additives as a control, 2) treatment with 0.5% Teucrium powder, 3) treatment with 1% Teucrium powder, 4) treatment with 1.5% Teucrium powder and 5) treatment containing 2% Teucrium powder. The results showed that the use of Teucrium powder had no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Although level of 1.5% significantly increased the weight in growing period and the level of 2% significantly decreased weight during the beginning and total period of experiment (P >0.05). Birds recipient of Teucrium powder had no significant difference in carcass components and different parts of the intestine (P<0.05), except the level of 2% that decreased the percent of breast and increased the percent of gizzard. Treatments containing 1.5 and 2% of Teucrium were significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of total blood serum (P>0.05), but the level of malondialdehyde was not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). The present research's results indicated that the use of Teucrium powder improves growth performance, antioxidant status in broilers

Evaluating the Effects of Different Levels of Medicinal Plant Powder of Teucrium Polium on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology and Antioxidant Status of Blood Serum in Broiler

This study was done to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered medicinal plant of Teucrium polium on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status of blood serum in broiler. For this experiment, 180 one-day old broilers of Soye of 308- Ras were randomly allotted with 5 treatments and 3 replicates (12 broilers per replicate). Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration without additives as a control, 2) treatment with 0.5% Teucrium powder, 3) treatment with 1% Teucrium powder, 4) treatment with 1.5% Teucrium powder and 5) treatment containing 2% Teucrium powder. The results showed that the use of Teucrium powder had no significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Although level of 1.5% significantly increased the weight in growing period and the level of 2% significantly decreased weight during the beginning and total period of experiment (P >0.05). Birds recipient of Teucrium powder had no significant difference in carcass components and different parts of the intestine (P<0.05), except the level of 2% that decreased the percent of breast and increased the percent of gizzard. Treatments containing 1.5 and 2% of Teucrium were significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of total blood serum (P>0.05), but the level of malondialdehyde was not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). The present research's results indicated that the use of Teucrium powder improves growth performance, antioxidant status in broilers

The Effect of Varicocelectomy on Semen Analysis and Serum Levels of InhibinB

Background: Varicocele means dilation and torsion of spermatic veins. About 15%-40% of infertile men suffer from Varicocele. It seems that 70% of secondary infertility in men occurs due to Varicocele. Varicocele is the most common surgical cause for male infertility. Varicocelectomy is considered as the best treatment method for patients with Varicocele that increases 30%-50% of the postoperative fertility rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Varicocelectomy on inhibin B and use this marker to predict infertility in men.Methods: In this study, all infertile patients in any age that were candidate for Varicocelectomy and hospitalized in Imam Hospital in Urmia were included. Exclusion criteria were defined as orchitis, trauma, diabetes, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and coitus complications. Sperm analysis (SA) was conducted three times for patients and then serum levels of FSH, LH, T, inhibin B, SA were measured before surgery and also six months after surgery. Furthermore, during the hospitalization and infertility period, testes were examined before surgery in terms of consistency and size.Results: The mean ± SEM (standard error median) age of 40 patients was 28.4±5.14 (range: 18-40) years old. Mean size of the testes and mean sperm density and serum levels of LH.FSH remained the same. However, mean sperm motility, serum levels of T and inhibin B were statistically significant after the Varicocelectomy (p-value=0.005). A significant relationship was found between serum levels of inhibin B and infertility; however, there was no significant relationship between sperm count and serum levels of LH, FSH and T. Varicocelectomy can improve sperm motility and increase Inhibin B in patients and so improves spermatogenesis parameters and it may be one of the causes of fertility in patients.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that sperm motility and increase in inhibin B after Varicocelectomy can improve spermatogenesis parameters. Serum levels of FSH, T, LH and sperm morphology and also grade of Varicocele, patient age, and testis size have no effect on spermatogenesis and fertility after Varicocelectomy.