Renal Adenomas: Pathological Differential Diagnosis with Malignant Tumors

The renal adenomas can be confused by imaging diagnosis with malignant renal tumors, but there are also real biological dilemmas to determine their behavior. The consensus decisions are the following. (1) The adenoma of clear cells is not accepted, instead it is considered that all the clear-cell tumors are carcinomas, with greater or lesser aggressiveness. (2) Among the papillary neoplasms the WHO 2004 renal cell tumors classification are considered as papillary adenomas tumors with a maximum diameter of 5 mm and may represent a continuum biological process to papillary renal cell carcinoma. The papillary adenomas associated with End-kidney and/or acquired cystic disease may have a different pathogenesis. (3) To consider a tumor as an oncocytoma the size is not important, only the cytological features, microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemically can help, but some chromosomal observations introduce some questions about its relation with the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. (4) Finally, the metanephric adenoma, a tumor with some morphological similarity with the nephroblastoma must be considered in the renal adenomas diagnosis

An iterative design method for Coalitional control networks with constraints on the shapley Value

9th World CongressThe International Federation of Automatic ControlCape Town, South Africa. August 24-29In this work, we introduce a new iterative design method for a coalitional control scheme for linear systems recently proposed. In this scheme, the links in the network infrastructure are enabled or disabled depending on their contribution to the overall system performance. As a consequence, the local controllers are divided dynamically into sets or coalitions that cooperate in order to attain their control tasks. The new design method allows the control system designer to include new constraints regarding the game theoretical tools of the control architecture, while optimizing the matrices that define the controller

An Application of Cooperative Game Theory to Distributed Control

18th World CongressThe International Federation of Automatic ControlMilano (Italy) August 28 - September 2, 2011In this paper we propose to study the underlying properties of a given distributed control scheme in which a set of agents switch between different communication strategies that define which network links are used in order to regulate to the origin a set of unconstrained linear systems. The problems of how to decide the time-varying communication strategy, share the benefits/costs and detect which are the most critical links in the network are solved using tools from game theory. The proposed scheme is demonstrated through a simulation example

Volume-preserving normal forms of Hopf-zero singularity

A practical method is described for computing the unique generator of the algebra of first integrals associated with a large class of Hopf-zero singularity. The set of all volume-preserving classical normal forms of this singularity is introduced via a Lie algebra description. This is a maximal vector space of classical normal forms with first integral; this is whence our approach works. Systems with a non-zero condition on their quadratic parts are considered. The algebra of all first integrals for any such system has a unique (modulo scalar multiplication) generator. The infinite level volume-preserving parametric normal forms of any non-degenerate perturbation within the Lie algebra of any such system is computed, where it can have rich dynamics. The associated unique generator of the algebra of first integrals are derived. The symmetry group of the infinite level normal forms are also discussed. Some necessary formulas are derived and applied to appropriately modified R\"{o}ssler and generalized Kuramoto--Sivashinsky equations to demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical results. An approach (introduced by Iooss and Lombardi) is applied to find an optimal truncation for the first level normal forms of these examples with exponentially small remainders. The numerically suggested radius of convergence (for the first integral) associated with a hypernormalization step is discussed for the truncated first level normal forms of the examples. This is achieved by an efficient implementation of the results using Maple

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Bladder Cancer : What is New?

Urothelial bladder cancer represents a heterogeneous disease with divergent pathways of tumorigenesis. Tumor invasion and progression are a multifactorial process promoted by microenvironmental changes that include overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent data clearly challenge the classic dogma that MMPs promote metastasis only by modulating the remodeling of extracellular matrix. Indeed, MMPs have also been attributed as an impact on tumor cell behavior in vivo as a consequence of their ability to cleave growth factors, cell surface receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and chemokines/cytokines. Levels of the different MMPs can be measured in several sample types, including tissue, blood (serum and plasma), and urine, and using different methodologies, such as immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western and northern blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymography. Several MMPs have been identified as having potential diagnostic or prognostic utility, whether alone or in combination with cytology. Although MMP inhibitors have shown limited efficacy, advances in the understanding of the complex physiologic and pathologic roles of MMPs might permit the development of new MMP-specific and tumor-specific therapies. In this paper we update the understanding of MMPs based on a systematic PubMed search encompassing papers published up to December 2011

Intracellular Trafficking and Persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii Requires Transcription Factor EB

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant human pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. While adhesion, an initial and important step in A. baumannii infection, is well characterized, the intracellular trafficking of this pathogen inside host cells remains poorly studied. Here, we demonstrate that transcription factor EB (TFEB) is activated after A. baumannii infection of human lung epithelial cells (A549). We also show that TFEB is required for the invasion and persistence inside A549 cells. Consequently, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy activation were observed after TFEB activation which could increase the death of A549 cells. In addition, using the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model by A. baumannii, the TFEB orthologue HLH-30 was required for survival of the nematode to infection, although nuclear translocation of HLH-30 was not required. These results identify TFEB as a conserved key factor in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii.Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y EmpresaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación CooperativaSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes

An application of the Shapley value to perform system partitioning

We introduce a new method to perform the partitioning of non-centralized dynamical linear systems based on the relevance of the possible interconnections among the smallest components of the system. In particular, we analyze the importance of the interconnections using game theoretical tools, so that they can be arranged as a function of their expected contribution to the overall system performance. In addition, this method allows to identify unnecessary interconnections and highlights the most appropriate communication links facing the application of distributed control schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown at the end of this work by means of a numerical example.Financial support by the COOPERA Project (DPI2013-46912-C2-1-R) and the FP7-ICT DYMASOS Proyect (under grant agreement No 611281) is gratefully acknowledgedPeer Reviewe