10 research outputs found
Bullying y rendimiento académico de los alumnos de educación secundaria de la I:E Santa Rosa de Lima Cabracancha- Chota 2015
El estudio titulado “Bullying y rendimiento académico de los alumnos de educación secundaria de la I. E. Santa Rosa de Lima Cabracancha – Chota, 2015” tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre bullying y rendimiento académico de los alumnos de educación secundaria. Estudio de enfoque cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva, no experimental, diseño transversal y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 97 alumnos. Se utilizó un cuestionario de 12 preguntas sobre las características socioeconómicas y familiares, la escala índice global del bullying de Chávez, C y Delgado, F. (2013) y ficha de rendimiento académico. Como resultados tenemos que los alumnos se encuentran entre la edad de 12 a 14 años (47,4%), predominando las mujeres con el 52,6%, los grados de estudios con más altos porcentajes están primero, segundo y tercero con 22,7% respectivamente, el 44,3%, proceden del caserío de Cabracancha, pertenece a la religión católica (88,7%) y provienen de familias nucleares (73,2%), el 73,2% de los padres son casados, el 67% se dedican a la agricultura y tienen primaria incompleta (48,5%). En cuanto a las madres de los alumnos el 95,9% son amas de casa, el 50,5% tienen grado de instrucción primaria incompleta; el 68% de las familias cuentan con ingreso económico mensual menor de 750 soles. En cuanto al bullying el 99% sufren de bullying medio, el 1% sufre de bullying alto. Respecto al rendimiento académico el 39,2% se encontró en la categoría medio y el 1,0% en deficiente. Estos resultados permitieron contrastar la hipótesis nula que no existe relación entre el bullying y el rendimiento académico a un nivel de significancia del 5% con un valor p = 0.581. Se concluye que existe la presencia de bullying pero no hay relación con el rendimiento académico.Tesi
<i>Methanobacterium</i> Dominates Biocathodic Archaeal Communities in Methanogenic Microbial Electrolysis Cells
Methane is the primary end product
from cathodic current in microbial
electrolysis cells (MECs) in the absence of methanogenic inhibitors,
but little is known about the archaeal communities that develop in
these systems. MECs containing cathodes made from different materials
(carbon brushes, or plain graphite blocks or blocks coated with carbon
black and platinum, stainless steel, nickel, ferrihydrite, magnetite,
iron sulfide, or molybdenum disulfide) were inoculated with anaerobic
digester sludge and acclimated at a set potential of −600 mV
(versus a standard hydrogen electrode). The archaeal communities on
all cathodes, except those coated with platinum, were predominated
by Methanobacterium (median 97% of
archaea). Cathodes with platinum contained mainly archaea most similar
to Methanobrevibacter. Neither of these
methanogens were abundant (<0.1% of archaea) in the inoculum, and
therefore their high abundance on the cathode resulted from selective
enrichment. In contrast, bacterial communities on the cathode were
more diverse, containing primarily δ-Proteobacteria (41% of bacteria). The lack of a consistent bacterial genus on the
cathodes indicated that there was no similarly selective enrichment
of bacteria on the cathode. These results suggest that the genus Methanobacterium was primarily responsible for methane
production in MECs when cathodes lack efficient catalysts for hydrogen
gas evolution
Comparison of Nonprecious Metal Cathode Materials for Methane Production by Electromethanogenesis
In methanogenic microbial electrolysis
cells (MMCs), CO<sub>2</sub> is reduced to methane using a methanogenic
biofilm on the cathode
by either direct electron transfer or evolved hydrogen. To optimize
methane generation, we examined several cathode materials: plain graphite
blocks, graphite blocks coated with carbon black or carbon black containing
metals (platinum, stainless steel or nickel) or insoluble minerals
(ferrihydrite, magnetite, iron sulfide, or molybdenum disulfide),
and carbon fiber brushes. Assuming a stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen
(abiotic):methane (biotic) of 4:1, methane production with platinum
could be explained solely by hydrogen production. For most other materials,
however, abiotic hydrogen production rates were insufficient to explain
methane production. At −600 mV, platinum on carbon black had
the highest abiotic hydrogen gas formation rate (1600 ± 200 nmol
cm<sup>–3</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>) and the highest biotic
methane production rate (250 ± 90 nmol cm<sup>–3</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>). At −550 mV, plain graphite (76 nmol
cm<sup>–3</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>) performed similarly
to platinum (73 nmol cm<sup>–3</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>).
Coulombic recoveries, based on the measured current and evolved gas,
were initially greater than 100% for all materials except platinum,
suggesting that cathodic corrosion also contributed to electromethanogenic
gas production
Fermentation couples Chloroflexi and sulfate-reducing bacteria to Cyanobacteria in hypersaline microbial mats
Past studies of hydrogen cycling in hypersaline microbial mats have shown an active nighttime cycle, with production largely from Cyanobacteria and consumption from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). However, the mechanisms and magnitude of hydrogen cycling have not been extensively studied. Two mats types near Guerrero Negro, Mexico -- permanently submerged Microcoleus microbial mats (GN-S), and intertidal Lyngbya microbial mats (GN-I) -- were used in microcosm diel manipulation experiments with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), molybdate, ammonium addition, and physical disruption to understand the processes responsible for hydrogen cycling between mat microbes. Across microcosms, H2 production occurred under dark anoxic conditions with simultaneous production of a suite of organic acids. H2 production was not significantly affected by inhibition of nitrogen fixation, but rather appears to result from constitutive fermentation of photosynthetic storage products by oxygenic phototrophs. Comparison to accumulated glycogen and to CO2 flux indicated that, in the GN-I mat, fermentation released almost all of the carbon fixed via photosynthesis during the preceding day, primarily as organic acids. Across mats, although oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs were detected, cyanobacterial [NiFe]-hydrogenase transcripts predominated. Molybdate inhibition experiments indicated that SRBs from a wide distribution of dsrA phylotypes were responsible for H2 consumption. Incubation with 13C-acetate and nanoSIMS (secondary ion mass-spectrometry) indicated higher uptake in both Chloroflexi and SRBs relative to other filamentous bacteria. These manipulations and diel incubations confirm that Cyanobacteria were the main fermenters in Guerrero Negro mats and that the net flux of nighttime fermentation byproducts (not only hydrogen) was largely regulated by the interplay between Cyanobacteria, SRBs, and Chloroflexi
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