Scaling anomaly in cosmic string background

We show that the classical scale symmetry of a particle moving in cosmic string background is broken upon inequivalent quantization of the classical system, leading to anomaly. The consequence of this anomaly is the formation of single bound state in the coupling interval \gamma\in(-1,1). The inequivalent quantization is characterized by a 1-parameter family of self-adjoint extension parameter \omega. It has been conjectured that the formation of loosely bound state in cosmic string background may lead to the so called anomalous scattering cross section for the particles, which is usually seen in molecular physics.Comment: 4 pages,1 figur

Renormalization group improved action on anisotropic lattices

We study a block spin transformation in the SU(3) lattice gauge theory on anisotropic lattices to obtain Iwasaki's renormalization group improved action for anisotropic cases. For the class of actions with plaquette and $1\times2$ rectangular terms, we determine the improvement parameters as functions of the anisotropy $\xi= a_s/a_t$. We find that the program of improvement works well also on anisotropic lattices. From a study of an indicator which estimates the distance to the renormalized trajectory, we show that, for the range of the anisotropy $\xi \approx 1$--4, the coupling parameters previously determined for isotropic lattices improve the theory considerably.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure

Comparative Study of full QCD Hadron Spectrum and Static Quark Potential with Improved Actions

We investigate effects of action improvement on the light hadron spectrum and the static quark potential in two-flavor QCD for $a^{-1} \approx 1$ GeV and $m_{PS}/m_V = 0.7-0.9$. We compare a renormalization group improved action with the plaquette action for gluons, and the SW-clover action with the Wilson action for quarks. We find a significant improvement in the hadron spectrum by improving the quark action, while the gluon improvement is crucial for a rotationally invariant static potential. We also explore the region of light quark masses corresponding to $m_{PS}/m_V \geq 0.4$ on a 2.7 fm lattice using the improved gauge and quark action. A flattening of the potential is not observed up to 2 fm.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, 22 eps figures, uses revtex and eps

Adjoint "quarks" on coarse anisotropic lattices: Implications for string breaking in full QCD

A detailed study is made of four dimensional SU(2) gauge theory with static adjoint ``quarks'' in the context of string breaking. A tadpole-improved action is used to do simulations on lattices with coarse spatial spacings $a_s$, allowing the static potential to be probed at large separations at a dramatically reduced computational cost. Highly anisotropic lattices are used, with fine temporal spacings $a_t$, in order to assess the behavior of the time-dependent effective potentials. The lattice spacings are determined from the potentials for quarks in the fundamental representation. Simulations of the Wilson loop in the adjoint representation are done, and the energies of magnetic and electric ``gluelumps'' (adjoint quark-gluon bound states) are calculated, which set the energy scale for string breaking. Correlators of gauge-fixed static quark propagators, without a connecting string of spatial links, are analyzed. Correlation functions of gluelump pairs are also considered; similar correlators have recently been proposed for observing string breaking in full QCD and other models. A thorough discussion of the relevance of Wilson loops over other operators for studies of string breaking is presented, using the simulation results presented here to support a number of new arguments.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figure

Study of B→D∗∗πB\to D^{**} \pi decays

We investigate the production of the novel $P$-wave mesons $D^{*}_{0}$ and $D^{\prime}_{1} (D_{1})$, identified as $J^{P}=0^+$ and $1^+$, in heavy $B$ meson decays, respectively. With the heavy quark limit, we give our modelling wave functions for the scalar meson $D^{*}_{0}$. Based on the assumptions of color transparency and factorization theorem, we estimate the branching ratios of $B\to D^{*}_{0} \pi$ decays in terms of the obtained wave functions. Some remarks on $D^{(\prime)}_{1}$ productions are also presented.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, Revtex4, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the linked cluster expansion

We investigate dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the Coulomb gauge Hamiltonian QCD. Within the framework of the linked cluster expansion we extend the BCS ansatz for the vacuum and include correlation beyond the quark-antiquark paring. In particular we study the effects of the three-body correlations involving quark-antiquark and transverse gluons. The high momentum behavior of the resulting gap equation is discussed and numerical computation of the chiral symmetry breaking is presented.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Inverse magnetic catalysis in field theory and gauge-gravity duality

We investigate the surface of the chiral phase transition in the three-dimensional parameter space of temperature, baryon chemical potential and magnetic field in two different approaches, the field-theoretical Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and the holographic Sakai-Sugimoto model. The latter is a top-down approach to a gravity dual of QCD with an asymptotically large number of colors and becomes, in a certain limit, dual to an NJL-like model. Our main observation is that, at nonzero chemical potential, a magnetic field can restore chiral symmetry, in apparent contrast to the phenomenon of magnetic catalysis. This "inverse magnetic catalysis" occurs in the Sakai-Sugimoto model and, for sufficiently large coupling, in the NJL model and is related to the physics of the lowest Landau level. While in most parts our discussion is a pedagogical review of previously published results, we include new analytical results for the NJL approach and a thorough comparison of inverse magnetic catalysis in the two approaches.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Ye

Hadronic B Decays Involving Even Parity Charmed Mesons

Hadronic B decays containing an parity-even charmed meson in the final state are studied. Specifically we focus on the Cabibbo-allowed decays $\bar B\to D^{**} \pi(\rho), D^{**}\bar D_s^{(*)}, \bar D^{**}_sD^{(*)}$ and $\bar B_s\to D_s^{**}\pi(\rho)$, where $D^{**}$ denotes generically a p-wave charmed meson. The $B\to D^{**}$ transition form factors are studied in the improved version of the Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise quark model. We apply heavy quark effective theory and chiral symmetry to study the strong decays of p-wave charmed mesons and determine the magnitude of the $D_1^{1/2}-D_1^{3/2}$ mixing angle. Except the decay to $D_1(2427)^0\pi^-$ the predictions for $B^-\to D^{**0}\pi^-$ agree with experiment. The sign of $D_1^{1/2}-D_1^{3/2}$ mixing angle is found to be positive in order to avoid a severe suppression on the production of $D_1(2427)^0\pi^-$. The interference between color-allowed and color-suppressed tree amplitudes is expected to be destructive in the decay $B^-\to D_1(2427)^0\pi^-$. Hence, an observation of the ratio $D_1(2427)^0\pi^-/D_1(2427)^+\pi^-$ can be used to test the relative signs of various form factors as implied by heavy quark symmetry. Although the predicted $B^-\to D_1(2420)^0\rho^-$ at the level of $3\times 10^{-3}$ exceeds the present upper limit, it leads to the ratio $D_1(2420)\rho^-/D_1(2420)\pi^-\approx 2.6$ as expected from the factorization approach and from the ratio $f_\rho/f_\pi\approx 1.6$ . Therefore, it is crucial to have a measurement of this mode to test the factorization hypothesis. For $\bar B\to \bar D_s^{**}D$ decays, it is expected that \bar D_{s0}^*D\gsim \bar D_{s1}D as the decay constants of the multiplet $(D_{s0}^*,D_{s1})$ become the same in the heavy quark limit.Comment: 27 pages, Belle's new data on DD_s^{**} productions in B decays and on the radiative decay D_{s1}-> D_s\gamma are updated and discussed. Add two reference

Electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum induced by strong magnetic field

The quantum vacuum may become an electromagnetic superconductor in the presence of a strong external magnetic field of the order of 10^{16} Tesla. The magnetic field of the required strength (and even stronger) is expected to be generated for a short time in ultraperipheral collisions of heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider. The superconducting properties of the new phase appear as a result of a magnetic-field-assisted condensation of quark-antiquark pairs with quantum numbers of electrically charged rho mesons. We discuss similarities and differences between the suggested superconducting state of the quantum vacuum, a conventional superconductivity and the Schwinger pair creation. We argue qualitatively and quantitatively why the superconducting state should be a natural ground state of the vacuum at the sufficiently strong magnetic field. We demonstrate the existence of the superconducting phase using both the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and an effective bosonic model based on the vector meson dominance (the rho-meson electrodynamics). We discuss various properties of the new phase such as absence of the Meissner effect, anisotropy of superconductivity, spatial inhomogeneity of ground state, emergence of a neutral superfluid component in the ground state and presence of new topological vortices in the quark-antiquark condensates.Comment: 37 pages, 14 figures, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Ye

Single Spin Asymmetry ANA_N in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at s=200\sqrt{s}=200 GeV

We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin asymmetry $A_N$ at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV in elastic proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The $A_N$ was measured in the four-momentum transfer squared $t$ range $0.003 \leqslant |t| \leqslant 0.035$ \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of $A_N$ and its $t$-dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated by the Pomeron amplitude at this $\sqrt{s}$, we conclude that this measurement addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure