17 research outputs found

    Probing the Local Magnetic Structure of the [FeIII(Tp)(CN)3]- Building Block Via Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Polarized Neutron Diffraction, and First-Principle Calculations

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    International audienceThe local magnetic structure in the [Fe (Tp)(CN) ] building block was investigated by combining paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (pNMR) spectroscopy and polarized neutron diffraction (PND) with first-principle calculations. The use of the pNMR and PND experimental techniques revealed the extension of spin-density from the metal to the ligands, as well as the different spin mechanisms that take place in the cyanido ligands Spin-polarization on the carbon atoms and spin-delocalization on the nitrogen atoms. The results of our combined density functional theory (DFT) and multireference calculations were found in good agreement with the PND results and the experimental NMR chemical shifts. Moreover, the ab-initio calculations allowed us to connect the experimental spin-density map characterized by PND and the suggested distribution of the spin-density on the ligands observed by NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, significant differences were observed between the pseudo-contact contributions of the chemical shifts obtained by theoretical calculations and the values derived from NMR spectroscopy using a simple point-dipole model. These discrepancies underline the limitation of the point-dipole model and the need for more elaborate approaches to break down the experimental pNMR chemical shifts into contact and pseudo-contact contributions

    De la ferme au village : Dassargues du Ve au Xlle siĂšcle (Lunel, HĂ©rault)

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    Surrounded by the Camargue area and the scrubland, halfway between NĂźmes and Montpellier, the settlement of Dassargues occupies the right bank of a coastal river, the Vidourle. The study of the site forms part of a multidisciplinary investigation on the settlement and development of the Languedoc coast, from the Roman conquest to the end of the Middles Ages. At the beginning of the Roman period, the occupation of the site was limited, increasing from the Vth century onwards, and continuiing until the XIIth century. The settlement then undergoes a phase of decline and remains only periodically occupied up to the XIVth century, whereas the soil, part of the territory of the Lunel castrum, remains intensively cultivated. This case study illustrates the key notes of the rĂ©gion' s history, from the agrarian conquest in ancient times up to the assertion of the feudal community within the framework of the existing grid. Excavations on more then 2 ha hĂąve brought to light several habitations, a church and several graveyards, but most of the remains concern the agrarian arrangement : parcel drained ways, traces of plantings, silos, huts. Texts, rĂ©gional prospecting, interprĂ©tation ofmaps and photographs, are used altogether and support the interprĂ©tation ofthe datafrom the excavations.Entre Camargue et Garrigue, Ă  mi-chemin entre NĂźmes et Montpellier, l'habitat de Dassargues occupe la rive droite d'un fleuve, le Vidourle. L'Ă©tude du site s'insĂšre dans une recherche pluridisciplinaire sur le peuplement et l'amĂ©nagement du littoral languedocien, de la conquĂȘte romaine Ă  la fin du Moyen Age. TĂ©nue au dĂ©but de la pĂ©riode romaine, l'occupation du site s'intensifie Ă  partir du Ve s. pour se prolonger jusqu'au Xlle s. L'habitat connaĂźt ensuite une phase de dĂ©clin et n'est plus occupĂ© que ponctuellement jusqu'au XI Ve s., tandis que le terroir, englobĂ© dans le territoire du castrum de Lunel, demeure densĂ©ment exploitĂ©. Cette Ă©tude de cas illustre les temps forts de l'histoire rĂ©gionale, depuis la conquĂȘte agraire tardo-antique jusqu'Ă  l'affirmation de la sociĂ©tĂ© fĂ©odale dans le cadre du maillage castrai. Des fouilles sur plus de 2 ha ont mis au jour plusieurs habitations, une Ă©glise et plusieurs ensembles funĂ©raires, mais l'essentiel des vestiges concerne l'amĂ©nagement agraire : chemins, parcellaires fossoyĂ©s, traces de plantation, silos, cabanes. Textes, prospections rĂ©gionales, carto- et photo-interprĂ©tation, sont exploitĂ©s conjointement et Ă©tayent l'interprĂ©tation des donnĂ©es de fouille.Garnier Bruno, Garnotel Alexandrine, Mercier Catherine, Raynaud Claude. De la ferme au village : Dassargues du Ve au Xlle siĂšcle (Lunel, HĂ©rault). In: ArchĂ©ologie du Midi mĂ©diĂ©val. Tome 13, 1995. pp. 1-78

    Validation des modÚles de connectivité issus de la théorie des graphes en utilisant des données génétiques

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    National audienceModĂ©liser la connectivitĂ© fonctionnelle des habitats est dĂ©terminant pour la conservation de la biodiversitĂ©. Les graphes paysagers, en modĂ©lisant des taches d’habitat reliĂ©es par des chemins de dispersion potentiels, permettent de quantifier la connectivitĂ© du paysage. Si cette approche semble prometteuse, sa validitĂ© Ă©cologique reste Ă  dĂ©montrer. Tester sa validitĂ© implique de confronter des donnĂ©es de connectivitĂ© issues d’un graphe Ă  des donnĂ©es reflĂ©tant la dispersion des individus, telles que des donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Dans cet objectif, nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© la connectivitĂ© de l’habitat d’une espĂšce d’oiseau forestiĂšre, la Paruline cafĂ©iette (Setophaga plumbea), en Guadeloupe. Trois graphes paysagers ont Ă©tĂ© construits selon : i) des dires d’expert, ii) un indice de spĂ©cialisation Ă  l’habitat, iii) un modĂšle de distribution d’espĂšce (SDM). Des donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques (microsatellites) ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© recueillies sur 712 individus de Paruline cafĂ©iette rĂ©partis en 27 populations. Ce jeu de donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme outil de validation empirique des trois graphes paysagers, selon deux approches : i) mise en relation des distances-coĂ»ts issues des graphes avec les distances gĂ©nĂ©tiques entre populations, ii) mise en relation des mĂ©triques de connectivitĂ© issues des graphes avec les indices de diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique au sein des populations. La part importante de la variance des distances gĂ©nĂ©tiques expliquĂ©e par les chemins de moindre de coĂ»t (jusqu’à 0.25) et les fortes corrĂ©lations entre mĂ©triques de connectivitĂ© et indices gĂ©nĂ©tiques (jusqu’à 0.72) dĂ©montrent la capacitĂ© des graphes paysagers Ă  modĂ©liser l’influence de la connectivitĂ© paysagĂšre sur la dispersion. Toutefois, ce ne sont pas toujours les mĂ©thodes de construction de graphe les plus complexes (SDM) qui reflĂštent le mieux les distances gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Ces rĂ©sultats nous permettent donc d’établir la validitĂ© Ă©cologique des graphes paysagers, tout en attirant l’attention sur le coĂ»t des mĂ©thodes de construction, et ouvrent des perspectives mĂ©thodologiques pour la conservation

    Validation of graph-based connectivity models using genetic data.

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    International audienceModelling the functional connectivity of habitats is crucial for biodiversity conservation. By modelling potential dispersal paths among habitat patches, landscape graphs are often used to quantify landscape connectivity. While this approach seems promising, it often lacks biological validation. To ensure its ecological relevance, we assessed the ability of connectivity metrics calculated from landscape graphs to predict population genetic structure that closely reflects the dispersal of individuals, and thus functional connectivity. We modelled the habitat network of a forest bird species (Plumbeous warbler, Setophaga plumbea) in Guadeloupe using three graphs constructed either from expert opinion, habitat specialization indices, or a species distribution model (SDM). Genetic data (microsatellites) were also collected on 712 individuals in 27 populations. This genetic dataset was used as an empirical validation tool for the three landscape graphs, using two approaches: i) relating the cost-distances obtained from the graphs to between-population genetic distances, ii) relating the connectivity metrics obtained from the graphs to within-population genetic diversity. The large proportion of variance in genetic distances explained by least-cost paths and the strong correlation between connectivity metrics and genetic diversity indices demonstrate the ability of landscape graphs to model the influence of landscape connectivity on dispersal. In addition, our results provide insight into the relationships between construction costs and ecological relevance of landscape graphs, as the most complex approach (SDM) is not always the most efficient
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