Never retreat, never surrender: The bargaining power of commitment in the Hawk-Dove game

This paper studies experimentally the conditions that improve bargaining power using threats in a negotiation process. Following Schelling’s (1960) ideas we choose the hawk-dove game because is the simplest negotiation environment with inequity distribution in equilibrium. The analysis is focused on three essential elements of commitment: the possibility of a player to announce his own actions, the credibility of these messages and the experience acquired in the negotiation process. The empirical evidence shows that, in the first period, subjects do not realize the bargaining power of commitment. When the game is repeated and experience increases, subjects gradually understand the advantages of a threat, turning the payoffs into their favor. Credibility is also relevant for the relation, if subjects can choose their message, it is common to find strategic liars, and their rivals punish this behavior.Credible threats, negotiation, experiments

Never retreat, never surrender: the bargaining power of commitment in the Hawk-Dove game

This paper studies experimentally the conditions that improve bargaining power using threats in a negotiation process. Following Schelling’s (1960) ideas we choose the hawk-dove game because is the simplest negotiation environment with inequity distribution in equilibrium. The analysis is focused on three essential elements of commitment: the possibility of a player to announce his own actions, the credibility of these messages and the experience acquired in the negotiation process. The empirical evidence shows that, in the first period, subjects do not realize the bargaining power of commitment. When the game is repeated and experience increases, subjects gradually understand the advantages of a threat, turning the payoffs into their favor. Credibility is also relevant for the relation, if subjects can choose their message, it is common to find strategic liars, and their rivals punish this behavior

Diferencias salariales por género en el departamento de Santander - Colombia

This paper analyzes the factors that influence hourly wage and their differencesby gender, for the Department of Santander, Colombia, during theyears 2012 to 2014. Specifically, it explores whether the differential is dueor not to a discriminatory factor in labor market of Santander, using datafrom Colombian household survey “Gran Encuesta Integrada de HogaresGEIH”. After the descriptive analysis of the labor market in Santander, wemake econometric estimations using the Blinder Oaxaca methodology toprove the existence of a discriminatory component. Results indicate that,for the total sample in the Santander region, between 25 % and 30 % of thewage differentials by gender are associated to the unexplained discriminatorycomponent.Este trabajo analiza los factores que influyen en el salario por hora y sus diferencias por género para el departamento de Santander durante los años 2012 a 2014. Específicamente, se explora si dicho diferencial obedece o no a un factor discriminatorio en el mercado de trabajo santandereano, utilizando los datos proporcionados por la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares, GEIH. Luego de presentar un análisis descriptivo del mercado laboral santandereano, se realizan estimaciones econométricas aplicando la metodología Blinder-Oaxaca para evidenciar la existencia de un componente discriminatorio. Los resultados indican que, para el total de la muestra en la región santandereana, entre un 25% y 30% de las diferencias salariales por género se asocian al componente discriminatorio no explicado

Social Interactions and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Latin America

In this paper, we seek to examine the effect of comparisons and social capital on subjective well-being. Furthermore, we test if, through social influence and exposure, social capital is either an enhancer or appeaser of the comparison effect. Using the Latinobarómetro Survey (2007) we find that in contrast to most previous studies, the comparison effect on well-being is positive; that is, the better others perform, the happier the individual is. We also find that social capital is among the strongest correlates of individuals’ subjective well-being in Latin American countries. Furthermore, our findings suggest that social contacts may enhance the comparison effect on individual’s happiness, which is more intense for those who perform worse in their reference group.comparison effect, social capital, subjective well-being, social interactions

Factores socioeconómicos asociados al trabajo infantil y la asistencia escolar en Colombia

Este artículo analiza los determinantes socioeconómicos del trabajo infantil en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la interrelación entre trabajo infantil y asistencia escolar. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Trabajo Infantil de 2011, se estiman tres modelos probit bivariados (rural, urbano y total) en los que las decisiones de trabajo y estudio de los menores están explicadas por factores individuales, familiares y del entorno social. Los resultados validan el axioma de sustitución e indican la existencia de un trade-off entre trabajo infantil y asistencia escolar. Asimismo, se demuestra que el fenómeno es más persistente en contra de los niños en zonas rurales y se establece que el bienestar de los menores disminuye cuando sus padres son muy jóvenes.This article analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of child labor and school attendance in Colombia. Using the 2011 National Child Labor Survey, the paper estimates three bivariate probit models (rural, urban, and total), where the work and study decisions of minors are explained by individual, family, and social environment factors. Our results validate the substitution axiom and demonstrate the existence of a trade-off between child labor and school attendance. They also demonstrate a strong gender gap against boys and establish that the well-being of children diminishes when their parents are very young

Heterogeneous self-employment and subjective well-being: evidence from Latin America

This paper analyzes the relationship between labor status and individual satisfaction in Latin America. Existing evidence for developed countries shows that the self-employed report higher job satisfaction than the employed. The evidence, however, is less conclusive in terms of lifesatisfaction. Moreover, for Latin American countries, the evidence shows that self-employed individuals report lower life-satisfaction than employed individuals do. To clarify the effect of selfemployment on satisfaction, we use the Latinobarómetro survey 2007 for eighteen Latin American and Caribbean countries, considering the category self-employment as a heterogeneous category. Additionally, we control for the distinction between necessity and opportunity self-employed. Contrary to existing evidence, we find that not all self-employed individuals are more satisfied than employed individuals. Specifically, we find evidence revealing that, compared to workers in paid employment (i) precarious self-employed workers are as satisfied as the employed with their life but less with job and household income; (ii) self-employed professionals are more satisfied than the employed only with their incomes; (iii) business owners are more satisfied with their lives, income and job; and (iv) self-employed famers and fisherman are less satisfied with their jobs and income.The financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ECO2010-17049) to M. Teresa García-Muñoz and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through grant ECO2012-33993 to Ana I. Moro-Egido is gratefully acknowledged

Social Interactions and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Latin America

In this paper, we seek to examine the effect of comparisons and social capital on subjective well-being. Furthermore, we test if, through social influence and exposure, social capital is either an enhancer or appeaser of the comparison effect. Using the Latinobarómetro Survey (2007) we find that in contrast to most previous studies, the comparison effect on well-being is positive; that is, the better others perform, the happier the individual is. We also find that social capital is among the strongest correlates of individuals’ subjective well-being in Latin American countries. Furthermore, our findings suggest that social contacts may enhance the comparison effect on individual’s happiness, which is more intense for those who perform worse in their reference group.The financial support from the Spanish Women’s Institute and Ministry of Science and Technology ECO2009-10818 and the Basque Government IT241-07 granted to Victoria Ateca-Amestoy and from the Spanish Ministry of Education through grant SEJ2009-11117 to Ana I. Moro-Egido is gratefully acknowledged

Supervisión, desempeño y satisfacción en el contexto del teletrabajo: una propuesta conceptual

[ES] En los últimos años se ha acelerado el proceso de adopción del trabajo virtual como una nueva modalidad de trabajo innovadora. Por lo anterior, es pertinente el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas que tengan en cuenta los elementos que emergen el control y el desempeño de los teletrabajadores. En tal sentido, el comportamiento organizacional se ve afectado por la sensación de desconexión y los cambios generados en el entorno de los individuos. En consecuencia, surge interés por identificar los factores que se correlacionan e inciden con la percepción de supervisión, el desempeño, la satisfacción laboral y el deseo de continuar teletrabajando. Además, el hecho de caracterizar dichas relaciones se antoja relevante para superar los desafíos y expectativas de las empresas,entidades y organizaciones que optan por el teletrabajo como una modalidad permanente. En ese orden de ideas, en este estudio se examinan aspectos como la sensación de aislamiento, la comunicación, la cohesión entre equipos de trabajo, el compromiso, la autonomía y la relación vida-trabajo. Partiendo de lo expuesto, se propone un modelo conceptual. Finalmente, el estudio permite proyectar nociones sobre los fenómenos en cuestión, así como la identificación de nuevas oportunidades de investigación en un contexto laboral que llegó para quedarse.[EN] In recent years, the process of adopting virtual work as a new and innovative way of working has accelerated. Therefore, it is relevant to develop effective strategies that take into account the elements that affect the control and performance of teleworkers. In this sense, organisational behaviour is affected by the feeling of disconnection and the changes generated in the environment of individuals. Consequently, interest arises in identifying the factors that correlate with and affect the perception of supervision, performance, job satisfaction and the desire to continue teleworking. In addition, characterising these relationships is relevant to overcoming the challenges and expectations of companies, entities and organisations that opt for telework as a permanent modality. In this context, this study examines aspects such as feelings of isolation, communication, team cohesion, commitment, autonomy and the work-life relationship. On this basis, a conceptual model is proposed. Finally, the study allows the projection of notions about the phenomena in question, as well as the identification of new research opportunities in a work context that is here to stay.García Picón, J.; Contreras Pacheco, O.; Cortés Aguilar, A. (2023). Supervisión, desempeño y satisfacción en el contexto del teletrabajo: una propuesta conceptual. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 271-280. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2022.2022.1574227128

Actividades religiosas en bucaramanga: una aproximación desde la economía

Este documento explora el comportamiento religioso de los habitantes de la ciudad de Bucaramanga desde la perspectiva analítica conocida como economía de la religión. Considerando la práctica religiosa como una elección racional de los individuos, se analizan las creencias, el nivel de oración y la frecuencia de asistencia al templo. Los resultados empíricos permiten concluir que: (i) la edad y la compatibilidad religiosa entre cónyuges son determinantes positivos de la asistencia a la iglesia y la oración y (ii) la educación y el ingreso se constituyen como factores que inciden negativamente en la intensidad de las prácticas religiosa

The separate effects of self-estimated and actual alcohol intoxication on risk-taking: a field experiment

First
 Version
(“Alcohol
 Consumption 
and 
Risk 
Attitude”):
 October 
2008.Many risky actions are carried out under the influence of alcohol. However, the effect of alcoholic intoxication over the willingness to take risks is complex and still remains unclear. We conduct an economic field experiment in a natural, drinking and risk-taking environment to analyze how both actual and self-estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels influence subjects’ choices over monetary lotteries. Our results reveal a negative impact of both actual and self-estimated BAC levels on risk-taking. However, for male and young subjects, we find a positive relationship between BAC underestimation (a pattern of estimation error which mainly occurs at high BAC levels) and the willingness to choose riskier lotteries. Our findings suggest that a risk compensation mechanism is activated only when individuals’ own intoxication level is consciously self-perceived to be high. We conclude therefore that human propensity to engage in risky activities under the influence of alcohol is not due to an enhanced preference for risky choices. In addition to the suggestion in the existing literature that such propensity is due to a weakened ability to perceive risks, our results indicate that an impaired self-perception of own intoxication level may also be an important factor.Financial
 support 
from 
the 
Spanish 
Ministry
 of 
Science
 and Innovation (SEJ2010‐17049/ECON),
 the
 Regional
 Programs SEJ‐02547,
 SEJ‐340
 and
 SEJ‐023
 of
 the
 Regional
 Government 
of 
Andalusia