10,231 research outputs found
High-precision simulation of the height distribution for the KPZ equation
The one-point distribution of the height for the continuum
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is determined numerically using the mapping
to the directed polymer in a random potential at high temperature. Using an
importance sampling approach, the distribution is obtained over a large range
of values, down to a probability density as small as 10^{-1000} in the tails.
Both short and long times are investigated and compared with recent analytical
predictions for the large-deviation forms of the probability of rare
fluctuations. At short times the agreement with the analytical expression is
spectacular. We observe that the far left and right tails, with exponents 5/2
and 3/2 respectively, are preserved until large time. We present some evidence
for the predicted non-trivial crossover in the left tail from the 5/2 tail
exponent to the cubic tail of Tracy-Widom, although the details of the full
scaling form remains beyond reach.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Cathodoluminescence Mapping of Cherenkov-Radiation Generated Bloch-Modes in Planar Photonic Crystals by Fast Electrons
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 - August 5, 201
Diffusion and Creep of a Particle in a Random Potential
We investigate the diffusive motion of an overdamped classical particle in a
1D random potential using the mean first-passage time formalism and demonstrate
the efficiency of this method in the investigation of the large-time dynamics
of the particle. We determine the -time diffusion {<{<
x^{2}(t)>}_{th}>}_{dis}=A\ln^{\beta} \left ({t}/{t_{r}}) and relate the
prefactor the relaxation time and the exponent to the
details of the (generally non-gaussian) long-range correlated potential.
Calculating the moments {}_{th}>}_{dis} of the first-passage time
distribution we reconstruct the large time distribution function itself
and draw attention to the phenomenon of intermittency. The results can be
easily interpreted in terms of the decay of metastable trapped states. In
addition, we present a simple derivation of the mean velocity of a particle
moving in a random potential in the presence of a constant external force.Comment: 6 page
The Comoving Infrared Luminosity Density: Domination of Cold Galaxies across 0<z<1
In this paper we examine the contribution of galaxies with different infrared
(IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to the comoving infrared luminosity
density, a proxy for the comoving star formation rate (SFR) density. We
characterise galaxies as having either a cold or hot IR SED depending upon
whether the rest-frame wavelength of their peak IR energy output is above or
below 90um. Our work is based on a far-IR selected sample both in the local
Universe and at high redshift, the former consisting of IRAS 60um-selected
galaxies at z<0.07 and the latter of Spitzer 70um selected galaxies across
0.1<z<1. We find that the total IR luminosity densities for each
redshift/luminosity bin agree well with results derived from other deep
mid/far-IR surveys. At z<0.07 we observe the previously known results: that
moderate luminosity galaxies (L_IR<10^11 Lsun) dominate the total luminosity
density and that the fraction of cold galaxies decreases with increasing
luminosity, becoming negligible at the highest luminosities. Conversely, above
z=0.1 we find that luminous IR galaxies (L_IR>10^11 Lsun), the majority of
which are cold, dominate the IR luminosity density. We therefore infer that
cold galaxies dominate the IR luminosity density across the whole 0<z<1 range,
hence appear to be the main driver behind the increase in SFR density up to z~1
whereas local luminous galaxies are not, on the whole, representative of the
high redshift population.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Physical principles of membrane organization
Membranes are the most common cellular structures in both plants and animals. They are now recognized as being involved in almost all aspects of cellular activity ranging from motility and food entrapment in simple unicellular organisms, to energy transduction, immunorecognition, nerve conduction and biosynthesis in plants and higher organisms. This functional diversity is reflected in the wide variety of lipids and particularly of proteins that compose different membranes. An understanding of the physical principles that govern the molecular organization of membranes is essential for an understanding of their physiological roles since structure and function are much more interdependent in membranes than in, say, simple chemical reactions in solution. We must recognize, however, that the word ‘understanding’ means different things in different disciplines, and nowhere is this more apparent than in this multidisciplinary area where biology, chemistry and physics meet.<br /
Far-Infrared and Sub-Millimeter Observations and Physical Models of the Reflection Nebula Ced 201
ISO [C II] 158 micron, [O I] 63 micron, and H_2 9 and 17 micron observations
are presented of the reflection nebula Ced 201, which is a photon-dominated
region illuminated by a B9.5 star with a color temperature of 10,000 K (a cool
PDR). In combination with ground based [C I] 609 micron, CO, 13CO, CS and HCO+
data, the carbon budget and physical structure of the reflection nebula are
constrained. The obtained data set is the first one to contain all important
cooling lines of a cool PDR, and allows a comparison to be made with classical
PDRs. To this effect one- and three-dimensional PDR models are presented which
incorporate the physical characteristics of the source, and are aimed at
understanding the dominant heating processes of the cloud. The contribution of
very small grains to the photo-electric heating rate is estimated from these
models and used to constrain the total abundance of PAHs and small grains.
Observations of the pure rotational H_2 lines with ISO, in particular the S(3)
line, indicate the presence of a small amount of very warm, approximately 330
K, molecular gas. This gas cannot be accommodated by the presented models.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figures, in LaTeX. To be published in Ap
A model of decay
We suggest a parameterization of the matrix element for decay using kinematic variables convenient for experimental
analysis. The contributions of intermediate - and -states up
to spin 3 have been taken into account. The angular distributions for each
discussed hypothesis have been obtained and analysed using Monte-Carlo
simulation.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; V2: text in some places improved and
acknowledgments adde
The Network Analysis of Urban Streets: A Primal Approach
The network metaphor in the analysis of urban and territorial cases has a
long tradition especially in transportation/land-use planning and economic
geography. More recently, urban design has brought its contribution by means of
the "space syntax" methodology. All these approaches, though under different
terms like accessibility, proximity, integration,connectivity, cost or effort,
focus on the idea that some places (or streets) are more important than others
because they are more central. The study of centrality in complex
systems,however, originated in other scientific areas, namely in structural
sociology, well before its use in urban studies; moreover, as a structural
property of the system, centrality has never been extensively investigated
metrically in geographic networks as it has been topologically in a wide range
of other relational networks like social, biological or technological. After
two previous works on some structural properties of the dual and primal graph
representations of urban street networks (Porta et al. cond-mat/0411241;
Crucitti et al. physics/0504163), in this paper we provide an in-depth
investigation of centrality in the primal approach as compared to the dual one,
with a special focus on potentials for urban design.Comment: 19 page, 4 figures. Paper related to the paper "The Network Analysis
of Urban Streets: A Dual Approach" cond-mat/041124
Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in field line diffusion by anisotropic magnetic turbulence
The Kolmogorov-Sinai (KS) entropy in turbulent diffusion of magnetic field
lines is analyzed on the basis of a numerical simulation model and theoretical
investigations. In the parameter range of strongly anisotropic magnetic
turbulence the KS entropy is shown to deviate considerably from the earlier
predicted scaling relations [Rev. Mod. Phys. {\bf 64}, 961 (1992)]. In
particular, a slowing down logarithmic behavior versus the so-called Kubo
number (, where is the ratio of the rms magnetic fluctuation field to the magnetic field
strength, and and are the correlation lengths in respective
dimensions) is found instead of a power-law dependence. These discrepancies are
explained from general principles of Hamiltonian dynamics. We discuss the
implication of Hamiltonian properties in governing the paradigmatic
"percolation" transport, characterized by , associating it with the
concept of pseudochaos (random non-chaotic dynamics with zero Lyapunov
exponents). Applications of this study pertain to both fusion and astrophysical
plasma and by mathematical analogy to problems outside the plasma physics.
This research article is dedicated to the memory of Professor George M.
ZaslavskyComment: 15 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication on Plasma Physics and
Controlled Fusio
Seasonality of freshwater in the east Greenland current system from 2014 to 2016
The initial 2 years of Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program mooring data (2014â2016) provide the first glimpse into the seasonality of freshwater in the complete East Greenland Current system. Using a set of eight moorings southeast of Greenland at 60â N, we find two distinct, persistent velocity cores on the shelf and slope. These are the East Greenland Coastal Current, which carries cold, fresh water from the Arctic and Greenland along the shelf, and the East Greenland/Irminger Current over the slope, which is a combination of cold, fresh waters and warm, salty waters of Atlantic origin. Together, these currents carry 70% of the freshwater transport across the subpolar North Atlantic east of Greenland. The freshwater transport referenced to a salinity of 34.9 is approximately equipartitioned between the coastal current (East Greenland Coastal Current) and the fresh portion of the slope current (East Greenland Current), which carry 42 ± 6 and 32 ± 6 mSv, respectively. The coastal and slope current freshwater transports have staggered seasonality during the observed period, peaking in December and March, respectively, suggesting that summer surveys have underestimated freshwater transport in this region. We find that the continental slope is freshest in the winter, when surface cooling mixes freshwater off the shelf. This previously unmeasured freshwater over the slope is likely to enter the Labrador Sea downstream, where it can impact deep convection
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