RECONHECIMENTO E PERTENÇA ÉTNICA DOS AFRO-BRASILEIROS NO CONTEXTO DAS RELAÇÕES

Thinking about ethnic relations in the country is essential to overcome the marginalization historically and culturally imposed on Afro-Brazilians, and it is pertinent to study themes related to identity because ethnic issues are the basis of norms and behaviors. This work arose with the objective of investigating how the recognition and ethnic belonging of Afro-Brazilians is seen in the context of relationships by traditional and current theorists. The present study is justified by the need to collaborate in overcoming prejudiced stigmas that marginalize people. Finally, based on the theoretical construct placed in this text, it is evident that the recognition and belonging of Afro-Brazilians in the context of relationships, taking into consideration ethnicity as an aspect of this recognition, is perceived by several theorists as something that is structured in the biological field, in the social highlighting and interaction.Pensar en las relaciones étnicas en el país es esencial para superar la marginación impuesta histórica y culturalmente a los afrobrasileños, siendo pertinente estudiar los temas relacionados con la identidad porque las cuestiones étnicas son la base de las normas y los comportamientos. Este trabajo surgió con el objetivo de investigar cómo el reconocimiento y la pertenencia étnica de los afrobrasileños es vista en el contexto de las relaciones por los teóricos tradicionales y actuales. El presente estudio se justifica por la necesidad de colaborar en la superación de los estigmas prejuiciosos que marginan a las personas. Finalmente, con base en el constructo teórico colocado en el presente texto, es evidente que el reconocimiento y la pertenencia de los afrobrasileños en el contexto de las relaciones, teniendo en cuenta la etnicidad como un aspecto de este reconocimiento, es percibido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estructura en el campo biológico, en el destaque e interacción social.Pensar sobre as relações étnicas no país é fundamental para superar a marginalização imposta histórica e culturalmente aos afro-brasileiros, sendo pertinente estudar temáticas relacionadas à identidade pelo fato das questões étnicas serem a base de normas e comportamentos. Este trabalho surgiu com o objetivo de investigar como é visto o reconhecimento e a pertença étnica dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações por teóricos tradicionais e atuais. O presente estudo se justifica dado à necessidade de colaborar na superação de estigmas preconceituosos e que marginalizam pessoas.  Por fim, fundamentado no constructo teórico colocado no presente texto, fica evidente que o reconhecimento e a pertença dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações, levando em consideração a etnicidade como aspecto desse reconhecimento, é percebido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estrutura no campo biológico, no realce e interação social.Pensar sobre as relações étnicas no país é fundamental para superar a marginalização imposta histórica e culturalmente aos afro-brasileiros, sendo pertinente estudar temáticas relacionadas à identidade pelo fato das questões étnicas serem a base de normas e comportamentos. Este trabalho surgiu com o objetivo de investigar como é visto o reconhecimento e a pertença étnica dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações por teóricos tradicionais e atuais. O presente estudo se justifica dado à necessidade de colaborar na superação de estigmas preconceituosos e que marginalizam pessoas.  Por fim, fundamentado no constructo teórico colocado no presente texto, fica evidente que o reconhecimento e a pertença dos afro-brasileiros no contexto das relações, levando em consideração a etnicidade como aspecto desse reconhecimento, é percebido por diversos teóricos como algo que se estrutura no campo biológico, no realce e interação social

Irrigation and nitrogen managements for producing bean plants under no-tillage system

Common bean has been cultivated by producers who have access to a wide range of technologies that allow a higher profitability in the winter. This study aimed at evaluating bean yield and its components, under no-tillage system, according to different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization managements, in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from June to September (2010), in the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, in an Alfisol. The "Pérola" cultivar was sown in June and irrigated by conventional sprinkling. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with split-plots consisting of three blocks and two replications in each block. The plots consisted of three irrigation systems (Class "A" pan and Hargreaves-Samani and Penman-Monteith equations) and the subplots of four nitrogen fertilizing doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1). Data were evaluated with the aid of variance analysis and compared by the Tukey test (5%) and regression models. Bean plants reached the highest grain yield and number of pods per plant when the Class "A" pan irrigation system was used. Nitrogen doses did not affect bean yield

A review of zoonotic pathogens in Tilapia: Uma revisão sobre patogenos zoonóticos de Tilápia

Oreochromis niloticus, or Nile tilapia, is widely consumed. This fish can cause several direct ecological imbalances in addition to transporting several pathogens. Pathogens in tilapia are responsible for several deaths in natural environments and commercial aquaculture, and hense, constitute an economic, social, and sanitary threat. This study gathered information from the literature and identified 18 species of pathogens with zoonotic potential found in tilapia, in addition to mapping the distribution of these fishes in Brazilian natural environments. We found that the most common pathogens involved were bacteria, protozoa, fungi and helminths (Trematoda and Nematoda). In Brazil, we also identified that the introduction of O. niloticus has grown in recent decades, and O. niloticus have been found mainly in the eastern region of the country, overlaying the region with the highest fish population density in Brazil. This work serves as an alert and a guide for planning public health policies to mitigate the possible consequences of the uncontrolled introduction of tilapia in the national territory

Hemorragia digestiva baixa - principais doenças associadas, diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico

O sangramento no trato gastrointestinal inferior (LGIB) é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade ao redor do mundo, principalmente em idosos, caracterizado por sangramentos originados distalmente ao ligamento de Treitz. Responsável por aproximadamente 36 casos a cada 100.000 internações anuais, o LGIB apresenta uma taxa de mortalidade variando de 2,4% a 3,9%. Em grande parte, é autolimitado, resolvendo-se espontaneamente, permitindo uma avaliação não urgente. No entanto, casos graves exigem intervenção rápida. Etiologicamente ligado a pólipos, tumores, diverticulose e doença inflamatória crônica, o LGIB afeta predominantemente pessoas de 65 a 80 anos, com incidência aumentando com a idade. A apresentação clínica varia de acordo com a localização, gravidade do sangramento e condições do paciente, sendo crucial avaliar além dos sintomas, a duração do sangramento e outras condições associadas. Fatores de risco, como Colite Isquêmica, Câncer de Cólon, Hemorróidas e Doença Diverticular, contribuem significativamente para o LGIB. A diverticulose é a principal causa, seguida por hemorróidas e neoplasias. As hemorróidas, comuns e muitas vezes assintomáticas, podem causar complicações hemodinâmicas. Neoplasias gastrointestinais e colite isquêmica também são fatores de risco importantes. Para diagnóstico, a endoscopia gastrointestinal é essencial, especialmente a colonoscopia no LGIB agudo. A angiografia e a angiotomografia são úteis para identificar a origem do sangramento. O tratamento, incluindo técnicas endoscópicas e radiologia intervencionista, evoluiu, mas os princípios do tratamento não operatório permanecem. O manejo consiste em reconhecimento inicial, localização do sangramento e intervenção terapêutica, incluindo várias técnicas de hemostasia endoscópica. A cirurgia é reservada para casos específicos e de emergência, como o LGIB contínuo sem diagnóstico claro após intervenções não cirúrgicas. A laparotomia é realizada quando as técnicas não operatórias falham. A colectomia subtotal é eficaz, mas sua morbidade limita seu uso

Deleterious ABCA7 mutations and transcript rescue mechanisms in early onset Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract: Premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in the ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family A, Member 7 gene (ABCA7) have recently been identified as intermediate-to-high penetrant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). High variability, however, is observed in downstream ABCA7 mRNA and protein expression, disease penetrance, and onset age, indicative of unknown modifying factors. Here, we investigated the prevalence and disease penetrance of ABCA7 PTC mutations in a large early onset AD (EOAD)-control cohort, and examined the effect on transcript level with comprehensive third-generation long-read sequencing. We characterized the ABCA7 coding sequence with next-generation sequencing in 928 EOAD patients and 980 matched control individuals. With MetaSKAT rare variant association analysis, we observed a fivefold enrichment (p = 0.0004) of PTC mutations in EOAD patients (3%) versus controls (0.6%). Ten novel PTC mutations were only observed in patients, and PTC mutation carriers in general had an increased familial AD load. In addition, we observed nominal risk reducing trends for three common coding variants. Seven PTC mutations were further analyzed using targeted long-read cDNA sequencing on an Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. PTC-containing transcripts for each investigated PTC mutation were observed at varying proportion (5-41% of the total read count), implying incomplete nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Furthermore, we distinguished and phased several previously unknown alternative splicing events (up to 30% of transcripts). In conjunction with PTC mutations, several of these novel ABCA7 isoforms have the potential to rescue deleterious PTC effects. In conclusion, ABCA7 PTC mutations play a substantial role in EOAD, warranting genetic screening of ABCA7 in genetically unexplained patients. Long-read cDNA sequencing revealed both varying degrees of NMD and transcript-modifying events, which may influence ABCA7 dosage, disease severity, and may create opportunities for therapeutic interventions in AD

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Characterization of babassu mesocarp flour as potential bio-reinforcement for poly (lactic acid)

Growing environmental concern has resulted in a strong trend towards using green materials, and the efficient use of by-products reduces resource waste and environmental pollution. Using Babassu Mesocarp Flour (BMF), a by-product of the babassu oil extraction industry, as bio-reinforcement for polymers, such as Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA), is a promising alternative. Before any attempt to develop composite films, the industrially extracted BMF was characterized to know its chemical composition, particle size distribution, specific surface area, morphology, and structure, which is the main objective of this manuscript. The elemental analysis showed that the BMF is predominantly organic and also showed contents of inorganic elements by XRF. Its particles had an average diameter of 38.82 μm and a specific surface area of 3.02 m2/g. Through microscopic techniques, mainly SEM, starch granules in different shapes and sizes were observed. XRD and FTIR showed structure and functional groups typical of starchy materials, evidencing the ecological character of BMF. Progress is necessary to achieve the continuous and comprehensive use of babassu coconut by-products, mainly BMF, allowing greater appreciation. The characteristics of BMF are of great interest in PLA-based films, as they are green materials and non-toxic to the environment