Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica del recién nacido con infección asociada a los cuidados hospitalarios

Introduction: nosocomial infections are those acquired as a consequence of hospital care, which is the main complication of hospitalized patients.Objective: to characterize newborn patients with nosocomial infections clinical and epidemiologically. Material and method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General University Hospital from January to December 2014. The target group was comprised of 1189 hospitalized newborn; the sample included 61 patients with nosocomial infections. Weight, sex, gestational age, admission-stay, days with ventilation, catheterization, parenteral nutrition, presentation ways, type of germens and mortality rate were the variables studied.Results: 57.4% of the patients were male, low weight (70.5%) and 75.4% preterm. Pneumeonia associated with ventilation (52.9%), ventilation reached the highest staying. Central venous catheter used for more than 14 days was associated with infection (52.6%), as well as those with parenteral nutrition more than 7 days (81.4%), hospital admission-stay higher than 10 days 57.4%. The most frequent way of presentation was bloodstream infection (52.5%) and the germen Coagulase-negative staphylococci prevailed (42.6%). Mortality rate reached 3.3%. Conclusions: the incidence of nosocomial infections was high related to the extension of hospital-stay, central catheterization, mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition. The most frequent way of presentation was bloodstream infection; coagulase-negative staphylococcus was most of the time isolated. Mortality rate showed a low prevalence.Introducción: las infecciones asociadas a cuidados son aquellas que se adquieren como consecuencia de la atención sanitaria, siendo la principal complicación en pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente al recién nacido con infección asociada a los cuidados. Material y método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Neonatales, en el Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría", de enero a diciembre de 2014. El universo estuvo constituido por los 1189 neonatos ingresados y la muestra por 61 con diagnóstico de infección asociada a los cuidados. Se estudiaron las variables: peso, sexo, edad gestacional, estadía hospitalaria, días de ventilación, catéter, nutrición parenteral, forma de presentación, gérmenes y mortalidad. Se utilizó el método porcentual, media y desviación estándar. Resultados: el 57,4% de los casos fueron masculinos. El 70,5% bajo peso y el 75,4% pretérmino. El 52,9% de los ventilados se diagnosticó con neumonía asociada a esta, siendo más elevada a mayor estadía en el ventilador. El uso de catéter central por más de 14 días se asoció a la infección en el 52,6%; así como el 81,4% de los que tuvieron nutrición parenteral más de 7 días y 57,4% con estadía hospitalaria superior a los 10 días. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la infección del torrente sanguíneo con un (52,5%) y el germen predominante el estafilococo coagulasa negativo (42,6%). La mortalidad fue 3,3%. Conclusiones: la incidencia de infección asociada a los cuidados fue elevada, relacionándose con prolongación de estadía hospitalaria, cateterismos centrales, asistencia respiratoria mecánica y nutrición parenteral. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la infección del torrente sanguíneo; se aisló mayormente el estafilococo coagulasa negativa. La mortalidad fue baja

El recién nacido pretérmino con infección de inicio precoz

Introduction: early neonatal infections are defined as the ones occurring within the first 72 hours of life. Objective: to characterize preterm infants with early-onset infection clinically and epidemiologically. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Rio, during January 2013 to November 2014. The universe included 662 preterm infants. The sample consisted of 66 infants diagnosed with early-onset infection considering the inclusion criteria. Variables such as weight, gender, gestational age, maternal and perinatal factors, presentation, germs and survival rate were considered. Percentage, mean and standard deviation method was used. Results: infants weighting less than 1500 grams predominated (62.1%), female sex (56.1%) and the appropriate standards for gestational age (59.1%). Regarding maternal and perinatal variables, the vaginal infection prevailed 43.9%, premature rupture of membranes showed more than 18 hours (21.2%) and spontaneous labor (71.2%). Prophylaxis for group-B of streptococcus was performed in 65.2% mothers; 68.2% of the infants were born by cesarean sections. Bloodstream infection was the most frequent way of presentation (54.5%) and E. coli germ predominated (18.2%). Survival rate was 95.5%. Conclusions: early-onset sepsis is a frequent morbidity factor in preterm infants; it constitutes a major health problem; however the survival rates were high.Introducción: la infección neonatal precoz se define como aquella que se presenta dentro de las primeras 72 horas de vida. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los recién nacidos pretérmino con infección de inicio precoz. Material y método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría" de Pinar del Río, en el periodo enero de 2013 a noviembre de 2014. El universo estuvo constituido 662 recién nacidos pretérmino. La muestra estuvo conformada por 66 con diagnóstico de infección de inicio precoz según criterios de inclusión. Se estudiaron las variables como peso, sexo, edad gestacional, factores maternos y perinatales, forma de presentación, gérmenes y supervivencia. Se utilizó el método porcentual, media y desviación estándar.Resultados: predominaron los neonatos con peso inferior a 1500 gramos (62,1%), el sexo femenino (56,1%) y los adecuados para la edad gestacional (59,1%). Dentro de las variables maternas y perinatales prevaleció la infección vaginal en un 43,9%, la rotura de membranas mayor de 18 horas (21,2%) y el trabajo de parto espontáneo (71,2%). Se realizó profilaxis del estreptococo del grupo B en el 65.2% de las madres. El 68,2% de los neonatos nacieron por cesárea. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la infección del torrente sanguíneo (54,5%) y el Germen predominante E. Coli (18,2%). La supervivencia fue 95,5%. Conclusiones: la sepsis precoz es una morbilidad frecuente en neonatos pretérmino, constituyendo un importante problema de salud, no obstante, la supervivencia fue elevada

Multi-touch gestures for pre-kindergarten children

The direct manipulation interaction style of multi-touch technology makes it the ideal mechanism for learning activities from pre-kindergarteners to adolescents. However, most commercial prekindergarten applications only support tap and drag operations. This paper investigates pre-kindergarteners' (2–3 years of age) ability to perform other gestures on multi-touch surfaces. We found that these infants could effectively perform additional gestures, such as one-finger rotation and two-finger scale up and down, just as well as basic gestures, despite gender and age differences. We also identified cognitive and precision issues that may have an impact on the performance and feasibility of several types of interaction (double tap, long press, scale down and two-finger rotation) and propose a set of design guidelines to mitigate the associated problems and help designers envision effective interaction mechanisms for this challenging age range. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.We would like to thank the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia2 and the Itultu3 Pre-kindergarten Schools for their collaboration in this study as well as the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and by the FEDER funds of the EU under the project Grants CreateWorlds (TIN2010-20488) and insPIre (TIN2012-34003). The work is also supported by a post-doctoral fellowship within the VALi+d program from Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Esport (Generalitat Valenciana) to A. Catala (APOSTD/2013/013). Vicente Nacher received a Research Collaboration Scholarship (Project 2012/32/00004) for this work from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Nácher Soler, VE.; Jaén Martínez, FJ.; Navarro, E.; Catalá Bolós, A.; Gonzalez, P. (2015). Multi-touch gestures for pre-kindergarten children. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 73:37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.08.004S37517

Clinical veterinary boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) studies in dogs with head and neck cancer: Bridging the gap between translational and clinical studies

Translational Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) studies performed by our group and clinical BNCT studies worldwide have shown the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT for head and neck cancer. The present BNCT studies in veterinary patients with head and neck cancer were performed to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT, contribute towards exploring the role of BNCT in veterinary medicine, put in place technical aspects for an upcoming clinical trial of BNCT for head and neck cancer at the RA-6 Nuclear Reactor, and assess the feasibility of employing the existing B2 beam to treat large, deep-seated tumors. Five dogs with head and neck cancer with no other therapeutic option were treated with two applications of BNCT mediated by boronophenyl-alanine (BPA) separated by 3–5 weeks. Two to three portals per BNCT application were used to achieve a potentially therapeutic dose over the tumor without exceeding normal tissue tolerance. Clinical and Computed Tomography results evidenced partial tumor control in all cases, with slight-moderate mucositis, excellent life quality, and prolongation in the survival time estimated at recruitment. These exploratory studies show the potential value of BNCT in veterinary medicine and contribute towards initiating a clinical BNCT trial for head and neck cancer at the RA-6 clinical facility.Fil: Schwint, Amanda Elena. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Departamento de Radiobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Monti Hughes, Andrea. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Departamento de Radiobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garabalino, Marcela Alejandra. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Santa Cruz, Gustavo Alberto. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: González, Sara Josefina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Longhino, Juan Manuel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Provenzano, Lucas. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Oña, Paulina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares para la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Rao, Monica. Hospital Veterinario; ArgentinaFil: Cantarelli, María de los Ángeles. Hospital Veterinario; ArgentinaFil: Leiras, Andrea. No especifíca;Fil: Olivera, María Silvina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Trivillin, Verónica Andrea. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Departamento de Radiobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alessandrini, Paula. No especifíca;Fil: Brollo, Fabricio Raul. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Boggio, Esteban Fabián. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Hernan. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares para la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Ventimiglia, Romina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares para la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Binia, Sergio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares para la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Pozzi, Emiliano César Cayetano. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Nievas, Susana Isabel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Santa Cruz, Iara S.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentin

Italian Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that targets anagen phase hair follicles. The course is unpredictable and current available treatments have variable efficacy. Nowadays, there is relatively little evidence on treatment of AA from well-designed clinical trials. Moreover, none of the treatments or devices commonly used to treat AA are specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The Italian Study Group for Cutaneous Annexial Disease of the Italian Society of dermatology proposes these Italian guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Alopecia Areata deeming useful for the daily management of the disease. This article summarizes evidence-based treatment associated with expert-based recommendations

Social cognition in people with schizophrenia: A cluster-analytic approach

Background The study aimed to subtype patients with schizophrenia on the basis of social cognition (SC), and to identify cut-offs that best discriminate among subtypes in 809 out-patients recruited in the context of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Method A two-step cluster analysis of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), the Facial Emotion Identification Test and Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test scores was performed. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the cut-offs of variables that best discriminated among clusters. Results We identified three clusters, characterized by unimpaired (42%), impaired (50.4%) and very impaired (7.5%) SC. Three theory-of-mind domains were more important for the cluster definition as compared with emotion perception and emotional intelligence. Patients more able to understand simple sarcasm (14 for TASIT-SS) were very likely to belong to the unimpaired SC cluster. Compared with patients in the impaired SC cluster, those in the very impaired SC cluster performed significantly worse in lie scenes (TASIT-LI <10), but not in simple sarcasm. Moreover, functioning, neurocognition, disorganization and SC had a linear relationship across the three clusters, while positive symptoms were significantly lower in patients with unimpaired SC as compared with patients with impaired and very impaired SC. On the other hand, negative symptoms were highest in patients with impaired levels of SC. Conclusions If replicated, the identification of such subtypes in clinical practice may help in tailoring rehabilitation efforts to the person's strengths to gain more benefit to the person

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Analisi e riconoscimento automatico di impronte digitali latenti

La tesi descrive le tecniche introdotte in letteratura al fine di automatizzare il processo di analisi e confronto di impronte digitali latenti, nonché le loro limitazioni e problematiche. Descrive nello specifico le varie fasi di cui consiste il processo. Vengono inoltre descritte le principali risorse a disposizione dei ricercatori in questo ambito

Determining cracks by boundary measurements-Lipschitz Stability

We consider the inverse boundary value problem of crack detection in a two-dimensional electrical conductor. We prove an estimate of Lipschitz type on the continuous dependence of an unknown linear crack from the boundary measurements