As novas tecnologias na assessoria de imprensa brasileira

Apresenta um panorama da atividade de Assessoria de Imprensa no Brasil após a implantação das novas tecnologias. A partir de uma análise de como as inovações tecnológicas influenciaram na rotina de trabalho da Comunicação Social e do Jornalismo, pretende-se compreender as vantagens e desvantagens desse processo nas assessorias de imprensa do país. Para tal, será utilizado como objeto de enfoque o setor do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) que atualmente é responsável pela administração dos fluxos de informações jornalísticas na mídia. A principal questão a ser tratada ao longo deste estudo consiste em uma comparação entre a realidade atual das assessorias e o período anterior à implantação das novas tecnologias. Devido ao fato de esta atividade ter sido instalada no Brasil apenas na década de 60, este estudo irá considerar somente o computador, a Internet e a videoconferência como novas tecnologias de comunicação

Optimal concentration of selective agents for inhibiting in vitro growth of Urochloa brizantha embryogenic calli

The ability to distinguish transgenic cells of untransformed cell mass is a key step for the production of transgenic plants. Thus, the use of selection marker genes for identification of genetically modified plants is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of four selective agents (kanamycin, hygromycin, phosphinothricin and mannose) to inhibit in vitro growth of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu calli. Embryogenic calli were obtained from mature seeds inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 3 mg/L 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 300 mg/L hydrolysate casein and their growth rate was monitored for 74 days by measuring calli fresh weight. It was demonstrated that U. brizantha calli are more sensitive to low concentrations of hygromycin than kanamycin (25 and 50 mg/L, respectively). For the herbicide phosphinothricin, 5 mg/L was enough to prevent the calli growth, but allowed escape. Mannose should be used as the only carbon source on the plant tissue culture medium. All selective agents tested here, in the appropriate concentration, could be used in experiments aiming to produce transgenic signal grass. However, mannose selection might reduce environmental concerns about gene flow and development of herbicide resistance in escaped Urochloa populations.Keywords: Signal grass, transformation, marker genes, selectio

Biomass pyrolysis in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed : Effect of biomass composition and reactor temperature

Flash pyrolysis of two types of woody biomass (Pine Wood, PW, and Green Wastes, GW) was carried out in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed of olivine particles between 700°C and 850°C. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale reactor (height of 2.5 m and internal diameter of 0.214 m) with continuous fuel feeding. Products distribution was determined through a global approach: incondensable gases yield were measured with an online microGC, condensable products yield, obtained by tar protocol, were quantified using GC-MS and Karl-Fischer titration and char yield was determined through high temperature combustion of the accumulated char at the end of each experiment. Please download the file below for full content

Repair process of surgical defects filled with autogenous bone grafts in tibiae of diabetic rats

From a biological standpoint, the best material for reconstruction of bone defects is the autogenous bone graft. However, as tissue healing is affected under diabetic conditions, major changes might take place in the revascularization, incorporation, replacement and remodeling phases of the grafted area. The purpose of this study was to assess the bone healing process in surgical wounds prepared in tibiae of diabetic rats and filled with autogenous bone. Forty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were randomly assigned to receive an endovenous injection (penile vein) of either citrate buffer solution (Group 1 - control; n=20) or streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer solution (35 mg/kg) to induce diabetes (Group 2 - diabetic; n=20). After determination of glycemia, the animals were anesthetized and the anterolateral regions of the tibiae of both limbs were shaved, antisepsis was performed and longitudinal incisions were made in each limb. The tibiae were exposed and two 2mm-diameter surgical cavities were prepared: one in the right limb, filled with particulate autogenous bone and the other in the left limb, filled with blood clot. The animals were euthanized at 10 and 30 postoperative days. The anatomic pieces were obtained, submitted to laboratory processing and sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's Trichrome for histomorphologic and histometric analyses. In both groups, the wounds filled with autogenous bone graft showed better results than those filled with blood clot. The control group showed higher new bone formation in wounds filled with autogenous bone graft at 30 days than the diabetic group, but without statistical significance. It may be concluded that, in general, the new bone formation occurred with autogenous graft was quantitatively similar between control and diabetic groups and qualitatively better in the control group

Comparison of the neuron body number of areas brain cortex of dogs

Foram utilizados 10 encéfalos de cães sem raça definida, 5 machos e 5 fêmeas, com peso entre 8-12 kg, com características constitucionais do crânio semelhantes (mesaquicéfalos). Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas cerebrais, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada, para evidenciação dos corpos de neurônios. Através da análise morfométrica, foram buscados dados comparativos, principalmente entre as diferentes áreas cerebrais; hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo e entre os sexos, para o conhecimento do comportamento e da quantidade de corpos de neurônios. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axioscópio Zeiss® acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 Zeiss®. Os resultados encontrados foram que os machos apresentam maior quantidade de corpos de neurônios no hemisfério cerebral direito (16,71). Já nas fêmeas as proporções foram inversas, apresentando maior quantidade de neurônios no hemisfério cerebral esquerdo (17,46), quando comparados as diferentes áreas cerebrais. Os cães apresentaram maiores quantidades de corpos de neurônios na área visual (19,77), seguida da comportamental ou límbica (18,37) e entre as outras áreas cerebrais não verificou-se diferenças significativas.For this study, 10 brain of mongrel dogs, 5 males and 5 females, weighing between 8-12 Kg, with constitutionalist characteristics of cranium similar (mesaquicefalus), were collected. They were prepared according to conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil, for becoming evident the neurons bodies. Through the morphometric analysis, comparative data were reached, mainly between the different bodies areas; brain right and left hemisphere and between the sex, for the knowledge of the arrangement and the quantity of the neuron bodies. The slides were analyzed with the aid of Axioscópio Zeiss®. The results showed that males had major quantity of the neuron bodies in brain right hemisphere (16,71). Once in females the rate were contrary, showing major quantity of neuron bodies in brain left hemisphere (17,46), when compared the different brain areas. The dogs showed major quantity of the neuron bodies in the visual area (19,77), following by the comportamental or limbic area (18,37) and between others areas did not show significant difference

As Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação no Ensino de Física: Uma revisão sistemática no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial

Este artículo presenta una Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) en tesis y disertaciones, que buscó analizar experiencias didácticas en la disciplina Física en el nivel medio superior que utilizaron Tecnologías Digitales de Información y Comunicación (TDIC) en el contexto de Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERE) en el período de la pandemia de Covid-19. La búsqueda de los trabajos se realizó a través del portal de tesis y disertaciones de la CAPES. Encontramos 37 trabajos que cumplieron con los criterios de investigación, defendidos en los años 2020 y 2021. Se buscó analizar los principales recursos digitales presentes en las experiencias y qué formas de utilizar las TDIC para la enseñanza de temas curriculares de Física. A partir de la lectura de la investigación, fue posible establecer cuatro categorías relacionadas con la forma de utilizar las TDIC que permitieron la clasificación de los trabajos, son: 1) Actividades experimentales; 2) Simulación de fenómenos físicos; 3) Creación de contenidos 4) Programación y Robótica. El análisis de los trabajos permitió concluir que las TDIC se utilizaron no solo como una forma de mediación comunicacional, que en este caso fue fundamental para el mantenimiento de las clases en el contexto de la pandemia, sino que los recursos también dirigieron los elementos metodológicos. de las propuestas didácticas, mostrando que hubo un diálogo entre aspectos relacionados con el contenido, la pedagogía y la tecnología. Finalmente, se destaca el rol de los docentes en el uso de las TDIC en el contexto de la pandemia, ya que asumen el rol protagónico no solo en la creación de contenidos sino también en la gestión de todo el proceso de enseñanza. Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) em teses e dissertações, que buscou analisar experiências didáticas na disciplina de Física em nível médio que utilizaram Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) no período da pandemia do Covid-19. A busca pelos trabalhos foi realizada através do portal de teses e dissertações da CAPES. Foram encontrados 37 trabalhos que atenderam aos critérios da pesquisa, defendidos nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Buscou-se analisar os principais recursos digitais presentes nas experiências, quais as formas de utilização das TDIC para o ensino dos tópicos curriculares de Física e também as tendências teórico-metodológicas que embasaram as propostas de ensino. A partir da leitura das pesquisas foi possível estabelecer quatro categorias relacionadas a forma de utilização das TDIC que permitiram classificar os trabalhos, são elas: 1) Atividades experimentais; 2) Simulação de fenômenos físicos; 3) Criação de conteúdos 4) Programação e Robótica. A análise dos trabalhos permitiu concluir que as TDIC foram utilizadas não só como forma de mediação comunicacional, que neste caso foi imprescindível para a manutenção das aulas no contexto da pandemia, mas que os recursos também direcionaram os elementos metodológicos das propostas de ensino, mostrando que houve diálogo entre os aspectos relacionados aos conteúdos, à pedagógica e a tecnologia. Dentre as teorias educacionais e abordagens metodológicas presentes nos trabalhos, as que aparecem com maior incidência são a teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel e os Métodos Ativos de Aprendizagem. Por fim destaca-se o papel dos professores no uso das TDIC no contexto da pandemia, ao assumirem o protagonismo não só na criação dos conteúdos como também no gerenciamento de todo o processo de ensino.This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in theses and dissertations, which sought to analyze didactic experiences in the Physics discipline at high school level that used Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) in the context of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. The search for the works was carried out through the CAPES theses and dissertations portal. We found 37 works that met the research criteria, defended in the years 2020 and 2021. We sought to analyze the main digital resources present in the experiences and which ways to use the DICT for the teaching of curricular topics of Physics. From the reading of the research, it was possible to establish four categories related to the way of using the DICT that allowed the classification of the works, they are: 1) Experimental activities; 2) Simulation of physical phenomena; 3) Content creation 4) Programming and Robotics. The analysis of the works allowed us to conclude that the DICT were used not only as a form of communicational mediation, which in this case was essential for the maintenance of classes in the context of the pandemic, but that the resources also directed the methodological elements of the teaching proposals, showing that there was a dialogue between aspects related to content, pedagogy and technology. Finally, the role of teachers in the use of DICT in the context of the pandemic is highlighted, as they assume the leading role not only in the creation of content but also in the management of the entire teaching process

Evaluation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in drinking water supplies: viral integrity and viability assays

BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the second-leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus is commonly found in environmental waters and is very resistant to water disinfection and environmental stressors, especially UV light inactivation. Molecular techniques, such as PCR-based methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction), are commonly used to detect and identify viral contamination in water, although PCR alone does not allow the discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. A combination of cell culture and PCR has allowed detection of infectious viruses that grow slowly or fail to produce cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. This study aimed to assess the integrity and viability of human adenovirus (HAdV) in environmental water and evaluate circulating strains by molecular characterization in three sites of the water supply in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: Peri Lagoon water, spring source water, and water from the public water supply system. METHODS: Water samples were collected, concentrated and HAdV quantified by real-time PCR. Viral integrity was evaluated by enzymatic assay (DNase I) and infectivity by plaque assay (PA) and integrated cell culture using transcribed mRNA (ICC-RT-qPCR). Samples containing particles of infectious HAdV were selected for sequencing and molecular characterization. RESULTS: The analyzed sites contained 83, 66 and 58% undamaged HAdV particles (defined as those in which the genetic material is protected by the viral capsid) at Peri Lagoon, spring source water and public supply system water, respectively. Of these, 66% of the particles (by PA) and 75% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) HAdV were shown to be infectious, due to being undamaged in Peri Lagoon, 33% (by PA) and 58% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in spring source water and 8% (by PA) and 25% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in the public water supply system. ICC-RT-qPCR, a very sensitive and rapid technique, was able to detect as low as 1 × 10(2) HAdV genome copies per milliliter of infectious viral particles in the environmental water samples. The molecular characterization studies indicated that HAdV-2 was the prevalent serotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a lack of proper public health measures. We suggest that HAdV can be efficiently used as a marker of environmental and drinking water contamination and ICC-RT-qPCR demonstrated greater sensitivity and speed of detection of infectious viral particles compared to PA

AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery in Adult GM1-Gangliosidosis Mice Corrects Lysosomal Storage in CNS and Improves Survival

Background: GM1-gangliosidosis is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage disease caused by a genetic deficiency of acid β-galactosidase (βgal), which results in the accumulation of GM1-ganglioside and its asialo-form (GA1) primarily in the CNS. Age of onset ranges from infancy to adulthood, and excessive ganglioside accumulation produces progressive neurodegeneration and psychomotor retardation in humans. Currently, there are no effective therapies for the treatment of GM1-gangliosidosis. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study we examined the effect of thalamic infusion of AAV2/1-βgal vector in adult GM1 mice on enzyme distribution, activity, and GSL content in the CNS, motor behavior, and survival. Six to eight week-old GM1 mice received bilateral injections of AAV vector in the thalamus, or thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) with pre-determined endpoints at 1 and 4 months post-injection, and the humane endpoint, or 52 weeks of age. Enzyme activity was elevated throughout the CNS of AAV-treated GM1 mice and GSL storage nearly normalized in most structures analyzed, except in the spinal cord which showed ∼50% reduction compared to age-matched untreated GM1 mice spinal cord. Survival was significantly longer in AAV-treated GM1 mice (52 wks) than in untreated mice. However the motor performance of AAV-treated GM1 mice declined over time at a rate similar to that observed in untreated GM1 mice. Conclusions/Significance: Our studies show that the AAV-modified thalamus can be used as a ‘built-in’ central node network for widespread distribution of lysosomal enzymes in the mouse cerebrum. In addition, this study indicates that thalamic delivery of AAV vectors should be combined with additional targets to supply the cerebellum and spinal cord with therapeutic levels of enzyme necessary to achieve complete correction of the neurological phenotype in GM1 mice

IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE Dof TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY IN Coffea canephora

The Dof family (DNA-binding with One Finger) is a group of transcription factors that are involved in a variety of functions of importance for different biological processes in plants, such as plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The Dof genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, but so far there is no information about these genes in coffee species. In the present study, we identified 24 Dof members in Coffea canephora using the Coffee Genome Hub database. Systematic bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterize all CcDof genes, including complete genome sequence, conserved protein domains, subcellular locations, phylogenetic relationships and gene expression profiles in different tissues. The results obtained here provide new insights into the CcDof gene family, allowing the design of future experiments for the molecular characterization of these genes in coffee plants.A família Dof (DNA-binding with One Finger) é um grupo de fatores de transcrição que desempenham papéis importantes no crescimento, desenvolvimento e na resposta das plantas aos estresses bióticos e abióticos. Os genes Dof foram identificados e caracterizados em várias espécies de plantas; entretanto até o presente momento não há informações sobre esses genes em café. No presente estudo foram identificados 24 membros da família Dof no genoma de C. canephora depositados no banco de dados Coffee Genome Hub. Análises sistemáticas de bioinformática foram realizadas para caracterizar os genes Dof em C. canephora, incluindo a análise de sequências genômicas, domínios proteicos conservados, localizações subcelulares, relações filogenéticas e perfis de expressão gênica em diferentes tecidos. Os resultados obtidos fornecem uma melhor compreensão sobre a família dos genes Dof permitindo projetar experimentos futuros para caracterização molecular desses genes no cafeeiro