Panorama dos perfis epidemiológicos da sífilis congênita e gestacional em cidades brasileiras pré-selecionadas

O panorama da sífilis congênita no Brasil mostra-se cada vez mais incidente na sociedade com características especificas, refletindo o perfil epidemiológico atual dessa enfermidade. A presente análise trata-se de uma mini revisão integrativa da literatura que tem como objetivo apresentar o retrato epidemiológico acerca da sífilis nas formas congênita e gestacional no recorte geográfico brasileiro. Foram utilizados 8 artigos, os quais 5 apresentaram todos os descritores e foram de encontro com o objetivo de forma integral, relacionados a temática da pesquisa a partir das bases de dados DecsMesh, Scielo e PubMed. Foram excluídos artigos publicados há mais de 5 anos, e que também não respondiam à pergunta norteadora. A pesquisa mostrou que existe a predominância da sífilis, em seus tipos supracitados, em mulheres jovens, de baixa renda e escolaridade incompleta, com diagnóstico principalmente no estágio primário e apresentou falha no que diz respeito ao tratamento precoce. De maneira geral, a pesquisa mostrou que a sífilis é mais preponderante em mulheres entre os 19 e 29 anos de idade, de etnia predominantemente parda e preta, de baixa renda e também de baixa escolaridade, característica a qual demonstra como a falta de informação impacta na contaminação por doenças venéreas. Ademais, essa pesquisa denotou como a falta de adesão ao tratamento correto durante o período adequado, por parte da gestante e o parceiro, e o descaso por parte dos profissionais de saúde em investigar e mitigar essa doença influencia no cenário da sífilis e sua recorrência na comunidade gravídica da hodiernidade brasileira. Entretanto, é ressaltado que houve um aumento no número de testagem positiva de grávidas para a bactéria da sífilis nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Os artigos analisados apresentaram em comum a não adesão do parceiro ao tratamento ou realização de forma incompleta. Foi evidenciado como fator limitante a carência de informações acerca do tratamento e das complicações pós-fetais

Technologies using antiparasitic drugs to treat Chagas disease

With increasing diagnostic Chagas disease, it is necessary to develop drugs that have a greater effect against parasites. This article aims to present a technological mapping of patent documents related to technologies employing antiparasitic drugs to treat Chagas disease, through the patent database United States Patent and Trademark Office - USPTO. 117 patents were analyzed, and the first patent was filed on that basis in 1976. The results show that studies of the treatment of Chagas disease through antiparasitic drugs are in development, focused on preventing the disease, and most of them are subsidized by private initiatives. There is little interest from the pharmaceutical industry to develop new drugs for treatment and universities have no incentive to develop research in this area

LEUCEMIA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE

Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.As leucemias, que afetam principalmente o sistema hematopoiético, são responsáveis por cerca de um quarto de todos os casos de câncer na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, é a categoria mais comum entre as crianças e a principal causa de mortalidade relacionada ao câncer nesse grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022 com projeções até 2025. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo epidemiológico é do tipo ecológico, analítico e descritivo, focado na mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022. Os dados foram obtidos das "Estatísticas Vitais", específicos da sessão "Mortalidade - desde 1996 pelo CID-10", disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). As variáveis analisadas incluem ano do óbito e faixa etária, com ênfase na categoria CID-BR-10: 050 leucemia. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: As taxas de mortalidade oscilaram de forma significativa entre as faixas etárias ao longo dos anos analisados. Conforme a distribuição no período estudado, a ordem decrescente de mortalidade pode ser estabelecida como: 0 a 4 anos, 15 a 19 anos, 5 a 9 anos e 10 a 14 anos. As estatísticas de previsões até 2025 estabeleceram tendência geral para a diminuição, contudo, entre crianças de 0 a 4 anos as projeções indicam aumento, visto que a taxa de mortalidade para o ano de 2025 foi prevista para 1,59 (IC 95%: 1,32; 1,86) por 100 mil habitantes. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Observou-se uma tendência geral de declínio nas taxas de mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias analisadas, com exceção das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, onde há indicativos de aumento, o que demonstra a necessidade de implementação de medidas com a finalidade reduzir a mortalidade pelo agravo

A influência do HPV como fator de risco para o carcinoma epidermoide bucal

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCB) is a type of malignant neoplasm, considered one of the tumors with the highest incidence rate in the Brazilian population, corresponding to 90% to 95% of cancer cases affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that has an affinity for epithelial tissue, comprises several subtypes and is often associated with the formation of benign and malignant neoplasms. Objective: Therefore, the present research aims to address the correlation between CEB and HPV. Methodology: The study consists of a literature review, based on scientific articles searched in the Scielo, PubMed/Medline and LILACS databases, using the descriptors: "Human Papillomavirus"; "Oral Neoplasms" and "Dentistry". Original articles, literature reviews, and case reports in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, without taking into account the periods of publication. Results: HPV has some virus subtypes that are related to benign lesions and others with carcinogenic potential. The latter is directly linked to the protein encoded by the E2 gene, which inhibits the expression of the E6 and E7 genes, which are active in cell immortalization. The absence of these genes results in excessive and unregulated cellular degradation, which favors the accumulation of mutations and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations. Conclusion: There is a need for more specific studies to understand the role of HPV as a carcinogen. Despite the diversity of factors seen in the literature, there are still no conclusive studies relating HPV as a risk factor for oral carcinoma. Keywords:  Human Papillomavirus; Oral Neoplasms; Dentistry.Introdução: O carcinoma epidermoide bucal (CEB) é um tipo de neoplasia maligna, considerada um dos tumores com maior taxa de incidência na população brasileira, correspondendo de 90% a 95% dos casos de câncer que acometem a cavidade oral e orofaringe. O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é um vírus que possui afinidade pelo tecido epitelial, compreende diversos subtipos e frequentemente é associado à formação de neoplasias benignas e malignas. Objetivo: Diante disso, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a correlação entre o CEB e o HPV. Metodologia: O estudo constitui-se de uma revisão de literatura, baseada em artigos científicos pesquisados nos bancos de dados Scielo, PubMed/Medline e LILACS, através dos descritores: “Papilomavírus Humano”; “Neoplasias Bucais” e “Odontologia”. Foram incluídos artigos originais, revisões de literatura e relatos de caso em português, inglês e espanhol, sem levar em consideração os períodos de publicação. Resultado: O HPV possui alguns subtipos de vírus que se relacionam com lesões benignas e outros com potencial carcinogênico. Esse último está diretamente ligado à proteína codificada pelo gene E2 que inibe a expressão dos genes E6 e E7, atuantes na imortalização celular. A inexistência desses genes resulta em uma uma degradação celular excessiva e desregulada, que favorece o acúmulo de mutações e a ocorrência de aberrações cromossômicas. Conclusão: É preciso que haja mais estudos específicos que permitam a compreensão da atuação do HPV como agente carcinogênico. Apesar da diversidade de fatores vistos na literatura, ainda não há estudos conclusivos relacionando o HPV como fator de risco para o carcinoma oral

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data