Estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología en Talca

The concept of learning styles is interesting because it offers a theory based on suggestions and practical applications with the potential to achieve a more effective way of learning. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the learning styles presented by Psychology students of the Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca campus, according to their academic performance and admission year. The study is a quantitative cross-sectional design. The samples were constructed of 164 students, admitted in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, of which 113 were women and 51 men. The Honey-Alonso Learning Styles (CHAEA) questionnaire was used, with adaptions for the local Chilean system. The academic performance expressed in the cumulative average, was obtained from the corresponding files of a university Psychology course in Talca. The evaluation of the scores obtained by students in learning styles related to the academic performance, the year of admission, and student’s gender. The results showed that students do not have a distinctive learning style, but present a moderate preference towards each type of learning style. In conclusion, there is no evidence to establish that a single learning style could be a useful teaching tool to generate appropriate methodologies to achieve better academic performance.El concepto de los estilos de aprendizaje resulta interesante porque ofrece una teoría respaldada en sugerencias y aplicaciones prácticas con posibilidades de lograr aprendizajes mucho más efectivos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los estilos de aprendizaje que presentan los estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, sede Talca, según su rendimiento académico y año de ingreso a la universidad. El estudio es cuantitativo de diseño transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 164 estudiantes,con años de ingreso 2004, 2005, 2006 y 2007, de los cuales 113 corresponden a mujeres y 51 a hombres. Se utilizó el cuestionario de Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA), con adaptaciones para el contexto local chileno. El rendimiento académico, expresado en el promedio acumulado, fue tomado de los archivos de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, sede Talca. La evaluación de los puntajes obtenidos por los alumnos en los estilos de aprendizaje fueron relacionados con el rendimiento académico, el año de ingreso y el género de los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes no poseen un estilo de aprendizaje característico, sino que presentan una preferencia moderada hacia cada uno de los estilos de aprendizaje. En conclusión, no se presenta evidencia que permita establecer que un solo estilo de aprendizaje podría ser una herramienta docente útil para generar metodologías apropiadas para conseguir un mejor rendimiento académico

Procesamiento temporal y aversión a la espera: el uso de videojuegos como herramienta de tamizaje para la detección temprana de TDAH

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome where inattention and/or hyperactivity impair social, academic or occupational function. Cognitive impairments in temporal abilities and delay aversion have been related to ADHD. The aim of this study is to design a game-like software that assesses temporal perception for the early detection of ADHD. Method: Two groups of 7 to 10 children (17 with ADHD and 17 control children) were compared on their performance on four game-like software based on Delay Aversion, Anticipation, Synchronization Tapping and Time reproduction experimental tasks. Results: All games detected significant differences between groups in accuracy or variability. The Discriminant function correctly classified 82.4% of the cases. Conclusions: Although the conversion of experimental tasks into game-like software implies a compromise between experimental rigour and screening efficiency, the use of videogames to measure cognitive processes is a potential tool for preventive healthcare.El trastorno por déficit atencional e hiperactividad (TDAH) está caracterizado por un patrón comportamental de inatención y/o hiperactividad que afecta el desempeño social, académico y laboral de las personas. Varios estudios han reportado alteraciones cognitivas en el TDAH, vinculadas al procesamiento temporal y a la aversión a la postergación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar una herramienta de tamizaje computarizada basada en tareas experimentales de procesamiento temporal y aversión a la espera para la detección temprana del TDAH.Método: Dos grupos de niños con edades entre 7 y 10 años (17 con TDAH y 17 controles), fueron evaluados en su desempeño en cuatro juegos computarizados basados en cuatro diferentes paradigmas experimentales: Aversión a la Postergación, Anticipación, Sincronización y Reproducción Temporal. Resultados: Todos los juegos mostraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a precisión o variabilidad para alguna de las condiciones. El análisis discriminante clasificó correctamente 82,4% de los casos. Conclusión: A pesar del compromiso que existe entre la rigurosidad de una tarea experimental y su conversión a un formato lúdico computarizado, el uso de videojuegos para medir procesos cognitivos es una potencial herramienta en el campo de la salud preventiva

Análisis de contenido cualitativo: el plan control territorial del gobierno de Nayib Bukele a través de las publicaciones en las paginas web de La Prensa Gráfica y Diario El Mundo del 20 de junio al 20 de julio de 2019

La investigación responde a todas las preguntas que surgieron en la etapa de planificación de la investigación, a la vez forma parte de los antecedentes en cuanto a tratamiento informativo de prensa. Ante el contexto de seguridad en El Salvador, es importante determinar cuáles son los principales factores de inseguridad, y como consecuencia de ello, lo que reflejan las cifras relacionadas a la violencia en el país. El sistema de Naciones Unidas estableció para 2015 que una sociedad sufre “epidemia de violencia” arriba de 10 homicidios por cada 100.000 habitantes, para ese año se reportaron 33 por cada 100.000, por lo que, el tema de seguridad ha sido uno de los principales retos para los gobiernos que por años han implementado planes de seguridad que no han sido efectivos. El Plan Control Territorial, forma parte de las agendas de los medios de comunicación, ya que, este crea expectativas al ser ejecutado por un gobierno que tras 30 años no forma parte de los partidos tradicionales (ARENA y FMLN), además, por ser un tema que involucra la estabilidad y el desarrollo económico y social del país. Por esa razón es importante analizar el tratamiento informativo que utilizan los medios de comunicación en la producción de noticias referentes al tema, para lo cual se han seleccionado dos medios con estructuras diferentes, La Prensa Gráfica y Diario El Mundo, los cuales publican según sus intereses y también de acuerdo a su política editorial

Seguridad de las vacunas del virus del papiloma humano en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana : revisión sistemática

44 páginas : gráficasIntroducción: Las vacunas bivalente y tetravalente, son empleadas para la prevención de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), contra los serotipos 6, 11, 16 y 18, responsable del 90% de los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino a nivel mundial (1). La población con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), tiene alto riesgo de infectarse con VPH y como consecuencia a la inmunosupresión propia de la infección del VIH puedan desarrollar cáncer. Dentro de las primeras vacunas que deben ser aplicadas a los pacientes diagnosticados con VIH no se incluye la vacuna contra el VPH, aunque en la actualidad existe literatura que respalda su uso en este tipo de pacientes, se debe evaluar el beneficio de la vacunación sobre los posibles efectos adversos que puede ocasionar la vacuna contra el VPH. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la seguridad de las vacunas bivalente y tetravalente contra el virus del papiloma humano en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Resultados: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, la cual evidenció que la reacción adversa local más común producida por la vacuna tetravalente es dolor en el sitio de inyección, seguido de edema; respecto a las reacciones adversas sistémicas estas fueron más variables debido a que se evidenció: cefalea, tinnitus y sintomatología similar al resfriado común, entre otras. En cuanto a la vacuna bivalente, se encontró como reacción adversa local más común el dolor en el sitio de inyección y cefalea como reacción adversa sistémica más descrita. Conclusión: Las vacunas bivalente y tetravalente contra el VPH demostraron ser seguras en personas portadoras del VIH.Introduction: The bivalent and tetravalent vaccines are used for the prevention of the infection due to human papillomavirus (HPV) against serotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18, which are responsible for 90% of cervical cancer cases all over the world (1). The population with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have high risk of becoming infected with HPV and as a consequence of the immunosuppression characteristic of HIV infection they can develop cancer. Within the first vaccines that should be applied to patients diagnosed with HIV do not include the HPV vaccine, which demonstrates the knowledge gap regarding the safety of vaccines available against the human papillomavirus in the population with HIV. Objective: Achieve a systematic review about safety of bivalent and tetravalent vaccines against human papillomavirus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Study Design: Systematic review. Results: Subsequent to the search and analysis of several articles, it was evidenced that the most common local adverse event produced by the tetravalent vaccine is injection‑site pain, followed by injection-site edema; in respect of the systemic adverse events these were more variable due to the fact that it was evidenced: headache, tinnitus and symptoms similar to the common cold, among others. Regarding the bivalent vaccine, injection‑site pain was found as the most common local adverse event and the most frequently systemic adverse event was headache. Conclusion: The bivalent and tetravalent vaccines against HPV proved to be safe in people infected with HIV.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Cirujan

Proximal chemical analysis and secondary metabolites in Washingtonia robusta fruit (Arecaceae): relevance for the feeding of wildlife and human

Background: Washingtonia robusta fruits are a staple for birds, small and medium-size mammals, and humans. However, quantitative data of their nutritional contribution has remained unknown. This is the first report on the phytochemical components found in fruit pulp and seeds. Questions: Does pulp compounds favor its consumption and contribute with nutrients for wildlife and humans? Do seed contents favor ecological interactions for germination and plantlet development? Species study: Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. Study site and dates: Sierra El Aguaje, Sonora, Mexico, February - April 2016 Methods: Chemical and secondary metabolite analyses were carried out from extracts via phytochemical coloring tests and ultra-resolution liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH. Results: Washingtonia robusta seeds contain 73 % sugars, 7.4 % protein, 8.4 % humidity, 4.3 % ashes, 8.7 % fat and 0.2 % calcium, while cyanogenic glycosides content was 0.8 mu g/g. Pulp has 71 % sugars, 10.8 % protein, 1.6 % humidity, 5.5 % ashes, 9.4 % fat and 1.5 % calcium, and cyanogenic glycosides reached 0.2 mu g/g. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were more abundant in seeds than in pulp. The DPPH assay expressed in Trolox equivalents indicated antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: Washingtonia robusta pulp is an important source of sugars and natural antioxidants for wildlife and human consumption. Occurrence of secondary metabolites prevents pathogens in seeds, also they could be beneficial for germination and initial plantlet development.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

The Application of Contextualized Syntactic Snapshots to Reinforce Intensive Intermediate English II Students’ Grammar Competence for the Elaboration of Sentences in the Written Test at the Western Multidisciplinary Campus of the University of El Salvador, Semester I, 2020

The researchers carried out the investigation “The Application of Contextualized Syntactic Snapshots to Reinforce Intensive Intermediate English II Students’ Grammar Competence for the Elaboration of Sentences in the Written Test at the Western Multidisciplinary Campus of the University of El Salvador, Semester I, 2020.” to identify the strategies that will enhance the students’ grammar competence when creating sentences in the building up section

Development of in vitro systems to study IFN signalling in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Type I interferon (IFN I) triggers specific signalling pathways leading to the activation of the innate immune defence of vertebrates against viral infections. In contrats, type II IFN (IFN II) is generally accepted to be part of the adaptive response. Among IFN I-stimulated genes, those coding the Mx proteins play a main role due to the direct antiviral activity of these proteins. The study of Mx genes in gilthead seabream, one of the most important species in the Mediterranean aquaculture, is especially interesting, as this species displays a high natural resistance to viral diseases, and behaves as asymptomatic carrier and/or reservoir of several viruses, such as viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), which are pathogenic to other fish species. Three Mx genes (Mx1, Mx2, and Mx3) have been identified in S. aurata, showing the three proteins a wide spectrum of antiviral activity. The structure of the three promoters (pMx1, pMx2 and pMx3) has been disclosed, and their response to IFN I, IPNV and VHSV indicated a clear induction of the three promoters, with some differences in the kinetics and magnitude of the response. Several studies evidenced the important role of Mx transcription regulation on virus-host interaction: i) Mx promoters can respond to both IFN I and IFN II, thus Mx might be the link between innate and adaptive immunity; ii) Mx activation is blocked by several viruses, thus Mx transcription is the target of their IFN I antagonistic activity; and iii) A fish cell line modified with the promoter of a fish Mx gene was used to measure viraemia in serum with high sensitivity. Therefore, assessing the regulatory mechanisms controlling the transcription of fish Mx genes could significantly contribute to both, understanding virus-host interactions, and designing strategies to control viral infections. In our case, this approach can also give light to understand the successful antiviral strategies developed by gilthead seabream in nature. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to develop three stable transgenic cell lines expressing the firefly luciferase gene under the control of the gilthead seabream Mx promoters. These in vitro systems were established and their response to poly I:C, and to two viral infections was characterized. In the case of IPNV, a clear antagonistic activity was observed for pMx2, as the activity of the promoter was 78.53% lower, however, this effect was not observed for pMx1 and pMx3. When cells were infected with VHSV, no changes in the promoters’ activity were detected, thus indicating that seabream Mx promoters are not targeted by VHSV antagonistic activity. These results confirm the specificity of the interactions between each virus/promoter combination, and support the use of the three cell lines developed as useful tools to characterize virus-host interactions in this species. Further studies aimed at the identification of the molecular mechanisms behind our observations will allow us to get more insight into this complex system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Región del Sumapaz.

El Enfoque Narrativo constituye una herramienta orientada hacia el empoderamiento de psicólogos, trabajadores sociales, sociológicos, antropólogos sociales y demás profesionales que son agentes asesores y guías en la intervención psicosocial como herramienta experta en el acompañamiento en escenarios de Violencia para la restitución de cualidad psicosocial de las personas restableciendo sus potencialidades individuales y colectivas. Esta herramienta contiene un acervo metodológico importante útiles para dar un re direccionamiento positivo de las experiencias traumáticas, de victimización, dolor, rabia, de miedo de angustia, en Relatos de sobrevivencia, esperanza y Resiliencia como el proceso de hacer frente a las dificultades superándolas y saliendo fortalecido de estas experiencias, y así las personas puedan retomar el control de sus vidas. Esta herramienta es una apuesta por aprovechar la facilidad que las personas tienen en la habilidad para hablar de sus problemas y sus dificultades en la mayoría de los casos y así construir sus historias sobre las cuales se propende en este Enfoque Narrativo reconstruirlas con el fortalecimiento de la esperanza en el cambio. En este sentido, y aprovechando los Recursos de la narrativa y los Relatos de las personas Víctimas del conflicto sobre los cuales empoderar y analizar, se opta por el Análisis de Relatos como una estrategia en la cual mediante preguntas estructuradas se orienta hacia el conocimiento de los fragmentos de significancia sobre los cuales descubrir cambio en el curso de vida en la experiencia victimizante, trayectorias, transiciones, y cambio de proyecciones y eventos significativos que han reescrito la vida de las personas, para dar contexto al interlocutor orientador en el conocimiento de la situación y poder también de forma constructiva descubrir Recursos actitudinales, fortalezas, personalidad, y de tendencia resiliente para potencializar sobre estos Recursos las alternativas de solución para el Sobreviviente. Las estrategias de la Pregunta Como Herramienta constituyen otro instrumento que se apoya en el recurso de la narrativa para obtener contexto de la situación y orientar a la persona en el reconocimiento de sus Recursos de afrontamiento de la crisis. En el análisis y la propuesta estratégica en una comunidad Víctima de Violencia se propende por el reconocimiento de emergentes psicosociales que permiten contextualizar y profundizar en el impacto generado a partir de la problemática central de la Violencia y el planteamiento de estrategias psicosociales en los ámbitos sistémicos del sujeto (Familia, Comunidad, Contexto social).The Narrative Approach compose a tool directed to the empowerment of psychologists, social workers, social anthropologist, and other professionals who are leaders in the psychosocial intervention as a tool adapted in the accompaniment in sceneries of Violence to restitute the psychosocial state of people in individual and collective. This tool contains methodologic steps useful to direct positively the traumatic experiences, of victimization, suffering, fear, and anger of the Stories of survival, hope and Resilience as the process of overcome difficulties and become empowered and strengthened, and take back the control of their lives. This tool is a bet to make the most of the ease that people have to speak about their problems and create Stories over which this approach is intended to rebuild based on the strengthening of the hope in the change. In this way, and making the most the Resources of the Narrative Approach, and Stories of the people Victims of the armed conflict over which empower and analyze, it has been chosen for the Analysis of Stories as a strategy with which through structured questions, it is directed to know the key pieces that mean change in the course of life and in the experience of victimization, ways, transitions, projections and significant events that have rewritten the life of people, to give context to the listener guide in the knowledge of the situation and be able constructively to find Resources in the attitudes, strengths, personality, and Resilience to boost based on these Resources the alternatives of solution for the Survivor. The strategies of Question as a Tool compose another instrument that lean on the narrative to obtain a context of the situation y lead to people to the acknowledgment of their Resources to afford the crisis. In the analysis and the strategic proposal in a community Victim of Violence is intended to acknowledge the psychosocial problems that emerges suddenly in the context and that allows get in context and deep into the impact generated from the central problem of Violence and the planning of psychosocial strategies in the systemic environments of the Victim (Family, Community, Social Context).

Effect of Increasing Supplementation Levels of Coffee Pulp on Milk Yield and Food Intake in Dual-Purpose Cows: An Alternative Feed Byproduct for Smallholder Dairy Systems of Tropical Climate Regions

Se presenta el artículo en texto completoCoffee is one of the main traded commodities worldwide, unfortunately, it generates massive amounts of by-products like coffee pulp (CoP), which could be utilized as an alternative feedstuff for cattle contributing to mitigate coffee production environmental damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of CoP supplementation on milk production, milk composition, and grass dry matter intake (GDMI) by dual-purpose tropical cows. A 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design was conducted, where four multiparous dual-purpose Holstein x Cebu cows with an average live weight of 477 ± 7 kg and milk yield of 12.1 ± 2.7 kg/d were used. The cows grazed 10 h/d on a Cynodon plectostachius sward with a stocking rate of three cows/ha. All cows received 6 kg/d DM of an experimental concentrate (EC), and the treatments consisted of four supplementation levels of CoP: T1 = 0, T2 = 0.6, T3 = 0.9, and T4 = 1.2 kg DM/d, which was provided on top of the concentrate and mixed with the EC. Grass intake was determined by the n-alkanes technique. A significant difference was observed for the average total daily DM intake (p 0.05) were observed for milk yield, milk composition, body weight, and GDMI for all the inclusion levels of CoP. It was concluded that CoP can be included at levels of 0.6 to 0.9 kg DM/d in the diets of cows without compromising milk yield or GDMI.This research was funded by the ICAMEX-Estado de México under grant number 15-2005- 0724 and the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México under grant number 1873/2009C

Analyses of the genetic polymorphisms rs3740199 and rs1871054 of the ADAM12 gene and the alleles at the rs2073508 loci of the TGFB1 gene and their contribution to susceptibility to primary knee osteoarthritis

[Abstract] Aims: To analyze the association of polymorphisms in the ADAM12 (rs3740199 and rs1871054) and TGFB1 (rs2073508) genes with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a population from northern Mexico. Methods: A total of 296 individuals were included in the study. Primary KOA was confirmed according to the criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. A real-time PCR-based DNA genotyping method was used to evaluate the rs3740199, rs1871054, and rs2073508 polymorphisms in 132 cases and 164 controls. Results: Our results demonstrate that the ADAM12 rs3740199 polymorphism was significantly associated with primary KOA under the recessive model (p = 0.036). However, after performing a multinomial logistic regression model, no significant association was found (p = 0.722). Furthermore, no associations for the rs1871054 and rs2073508 polymorphisms were observed in this study. Conclusion: These findings suggest that polymorphisms within the ADAM12 and TGFB1 genes may not have a significant influence on primary KOA susceptibility in the Mexican Mestizo population; however, inclusion of other ethnic groups and a larger sample size are needed to more fully analyze the role of these polymorphisms with KOA risk.This study was funded by the Faculty of Medicine at the Autonomous University of Coahuila in Torreon, Mexico (PFCE-2018).Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (México); PFCE-201