Zebra chip spatial behavior and Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Solanum tuberosum L. in valleys high of Mexico

En México la producción de papa es afectada por la enfermedad de Zebra chip causada por la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum que es transmitida por el psílido Bactericera cockerelli. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el comportamiento espacial de Zebra chip y Bactericera cockerelli mediante técnicas geoestadísticas y la detección de la bacteria aplicando técnicas moleculares. En el año 2013 se seleccionó dos parcelas comerciales de papa de la variedad Fianna; un total de 121 puntos fueron muestreados cada 10 m con el método de cuadrícula por parcela, georreferenciando cada planta. La incidencia de la enfermedad se determinó en campo sobre la base de los síntomas observados; la detección molecular de la bacteria se realizó con los iniciadores Lp Frag 1-25F/427R. La incidencia de la enfermedad en la parcela 1 fue de 30% y de 25% en la parcela 2; la bacteria se detectó en el 27% de las plantas sintomáticas y en el 14% de las asintomáticas. La distribución espacial de la enfermedad, el patógeno y el vector se presentó en forma agregada, ajustándose a los modelos gaussiano y esférico; en la parcela 2, los centros de agregación del estadio adulto y la bacteria presentaron la misma ubicación.In Mexico potato production is affected by the disease Zebra chip; which it caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum and is vectored by the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial behavior of Zebra chip and Bactericera cockerelli with geostatistical techniques and bacterium detection using molecular techniques. In 2013 two commercial plots were selected cultivated with the variety Fianna; a total of 121 points were sampled every 10 m using the method of grid, in wich each plant was georeferenced. The incidence of the disease was determined by the symptoms observed in the field; the molecular detection of bacterium was performed using Lp 1-25F Frag/427R primers. The disease incidence in plot 1 was 30% and 25% in plot 2; the bacterium was detected in 27% of plants where symptoms were presented and in 14% of asymptomatic ones. The spatial distribution of the disease, the pathogen and the vector was presented in an aggregated form, adjusting the gaussian and spherical model. In parcel 2, the aggregation centers of the adult stage and the bacterium showed the same location.Fil: Contreras-Rendón, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Facultad de Ciencias AgrícolasFil: Gutiérrez-Ibáñez, Ana Tarin. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Facultad de Ciencias AgrícolasFil: Sánchez-Pale, Jesús Ricardo. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Facultad de Ciencias AgrícolasFil: Silva-Rojas, Hilda Victoria. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Laguna-Cerda, Antonio. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícola

Complement component 3 as biomarker of disease activity and cardiometabolic risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.

Funder: Europeo de Desarrollo Regional de la Unión EuropeaFunder: Rheumatic Diseases NetworkOBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and disease activity in the rheumatic diseases having the highest rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study including 200 RA, 80 PsA, 150 axSpA patients and 100 healthy donors. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors [obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A (apoB/apoA) and atherogenic risks and hypertension] was analyzed. Serum complement C3 levels, inflammatory markers and disease activity were evaluated. Cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the accuracy of complement C3 as biomarker of insulin resistance and disease activity was carried out. RESULTS: Levels of complement C3, significantly elevated in RA, axSpA and PsA patients, were associated with the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Hard clustering analysis identified two distinctive phenotypes of patients depending on the complement C3 levels and insulin sensitivity state. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by high levels of complement C3 displayed increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and high disease activity. ROC curve analysis showed that non-obesity related complement C3 levels allowed to identify insulin resistant patients. CONCLUSIONS: Complement C3 is associated with the concomitant increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Thus, complement C3 should be considered a useful marker of insulin resistance and disease activity in these rheumatic disorders

Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?

To assess the role of age (early onset psychosis-EOP < 18 years vs. adult onset psychosis-AOP) and diagnosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders-SSD vs. bipolar disorders-BD) on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and prodromal symptoms in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis. 331 patients with a first episode of psychosis (7–35 years old) were recruited and 174 (52.6%) diagnosed with SSD or BD at one-year follow-up through a multicenter longitudinal study. The Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV diagnoses were administered. Generalized linear models compared the main effects and group interaction. 273 AOP (25.2 ± 5.1 years; 66.5% male) and 58 EOP patients (15.5 ± 1.8 years; 70.7% male) were included. EOP patients had significantly more prodromal symptoms with a higher frequency of trouble with thinking, avolition and hallucinations than AOP patients, and significantly different median DUP (91 [33–177] vs. 58 [21–140] days; Z = − 2.006, p = 0.045). This was also significantly longer in SSD vs. BD patients (90 [31–155] vs. 30 [7–66] days; Z = − 2.916, p = 0.004) who, moreover had different profiles of prodromal symptoms. When assessing the interaction between age at onset (EOP/AOP) and type of diagnosis (SSD/BD), avolition was significantly higher (Wald statistic = 3.945; p = 0.047), in AOP patients with SSD compared to AOP BD patients (p = 0.004). Awareness of differences in length of DUP and prodromal symptoms in EOP vs. AOP and SSD vs. BD patients could help improve the early detection of psychosis among minors

Molecular Characterization of Monocyte Subsets Reveals Specific and Distinctive Molecular Signatures Associated With Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objectives: This study, developed within the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking project PRECISESADS framework, aimed at functionally characterize the monocyte subsets in RA patients, and analyze their involvement in the increased CV risk associated with RA.Methods: The frequencies of monocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of 140 RA patients and 145 healthy donors (HDs) included in the PRECISESADS study were determined by flow cytometry. A second cohort of 50 RA patients and 30 HDs was included, of which CD14+ and CD16+ monocyte subpopulations were isolated using immuno-magnetic selection. Their transcriptomic profiles (mRNA and microRNA), proinflammatory patterns and activated pathways were evaluated and related to clinical features and CV risk. Mechanistic in vitro analyses were further performed.Results: CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes were extended in both cohorts of RA patients. Their increased frequency was associated with the positivity for autoantibodies, disease duration, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and the presence of atheroma plaques, as well as with the CV risk score. CD14+ and CD16+ monocyte subsets showed distinctive and specific mRNA and microRNA profiles, along with specific intracellular signaling activation, indicating different functionalities. Moreover, that specific molecular profiles were interrelated and associated to atherosclerosis development and increased CV risk in RA patients. In vitro, RA serum promoted differentiation of CD14+CD16− to CD14++CD16+ monocytes. Co-culture with RA-isolated monocyte subsets induced differential activation of endothelial cells.Conclusions: Our overall data suggest that the generation of inflammatory monocytes is associated to the autoimmune/inflammatory response that mediates RA. These monocyte subsets, -which display specific and distinctive molecular signatures- might promote endothelial dysfunction and in turn, the progression of atherosclerosis through a finely regulated process driving CVD development in RA

Comportamiento espacial de Zebra chip y Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) en Solanum tuberosum L. en valles altos de México

En México la producción de papa es afectada por la enfermedad de Zebra chip causada por la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum que es transmitida por el psílido Bactericera cockerelli . El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el comporta- miento espacial de Zebra chip y Bactericera cockerelli mediante técnicas geoestadísticas y la detección de la bacteria aplicando técnicas moleculares. En el año 2013 se seleccionó dos parcelas comerciales de papa de la variedad Fianna; un total de 121 puntos fueron muestreados cada 10 m con el método de cuadrícula por parcela, georreferenciando cada planta. La incidencia de la enfermedad se determinó en campo sobre la base de los síntomas observados; la detección molecular de la bacteria se realizó con los iniciadores Lp Frag 1-25F/427R. La incidencia de la enfermedad en la parcela 1 fue de 30% y de 25% en la parcela 2; la bacteria se detectó en el 27% de las plantas sintomáticas y en el 14% de las asintomáticas. La distribución espacial de la enfermedad, el patógeno y el vector se presentó en forma agregada, ajustándose a los modelos gaussiano y esférico; en la parcela 2, los centros de agregación del estadio adulto y la bacteria presentaron la misma ubicación