Multipotent Stromal Cells in a Tumor Microenvironment

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells [also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)] as was previously described, are a heterogeneous subset of stromal cells with regenerative potential. Their present tropism for inflamed sites including tumors lesion may be adverse or therapeutic effects arising from MSC administration; in this context, their potential for producing trophic and immunomodulatory factors raises the question as to whether MSCs promote or interact with a tumor microenvironment. Previous studies show a paradoxical effect regarding MSCs, which seems to depend on isolation and expansion, cells source, dose and both route and timing of administration. The occurrence of neoplastic transformation in ex vivo expanded MSCs after a long-term culture has been reported, however, this event has been subsequently described as uncommon, with an estimated frequency of <10−9. Furthermore, neither ectopic tissue formation nor MSC-originating tumors have ever been reported so far in hundreds of patients treated with MSC therapy. The biosafety of these cells, both in precancerous and cancerous environments, has been little investigated to date. We found in an animal model of oral cancer that locally or systemically administered allogeneic MSCs do not aggravate the progression of precancerous lesions. Moreover, they preclude cancer progression and tumor growth, particularly at papilloma stage

Omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of canine Mesenchymal stem cells

Background: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary medicine. Currently the subcutaneous adipose tissue is the leading source of MSCs in dogs. MSCs derived from distinct fat depots have shown dissimilarities in their accessibility and therapeutic potential. The aims of our work were to determine the suitability of omental adipose tissue as a source of MSCs, according to sampling success, cell yield and paracrine properties of isolated cells, and compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results: While sampling success of omental adipose tissue was 100% (14 collections from14 donors) for subcutaneous adipose tissue it was 71% (10 collections from 14 donors). MSCs could be isolated from both sources. Cell yield was significantly higher for omental than for subcutaneous adipose tissue (38 ± 1 vs. 30 ± 1 CFU-F/g tissue, p < 0.0001). No differences were observed between sources regarding cell proliferation potential (73 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 1 CDPL) and cell senescence (at passage 10, both cultures presented enlarged cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and cellular debris). Omental- and subcutaneous-derived MSCs expressed at the same level bFGF, PDGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG1 and IL-10. Irrespective of the source, isolated MSCs induced proliferation, migration and vascularization of target cells, and inhibited the activation of T lymphocytes. Conclusion: Compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of MSCs in dogs. Since it can be procured from donors with any body condition, its collection procedure is always feasible, its cell yield is high and the MSCs isolated from it have desirable differentiation and paracrine potentials.Fil: Bahamondes, Francisca. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Flores, Estefania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cattaneo, Gino. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Universidad del Desarrollo; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Conget, Paulette. Universidad del Desarrollo; Chil

The administration of multipotent stromal cells at precancerous stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are envisioned as a powerful therapeutic tool. As they home into tumors, secrete trophic and vasculogenic factors, and suppress immune response their role in carcinogenesis is a matter of controversy. Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common epithelial cancer. Our aim was to determine whether MSC administration at precancerous stage modifies the natural progression of OSCC. OSCC was induced in Syrian hamsters by topical application of DMBA in the buccal pouch. At papilloma stage, the vehicle or 3 × 106 allogenic bone marrow-derived MSCs were locally administered. Four weeks later, the lesions were studied according to: volume, stratification (histology), proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (Caspase 3 cleaved), vasculature (ASMA), inflammation (Leukocyte infiltrate), differentiation (CK1 and CK4) and gene expression profile (mRNA). Tumors found in individuals that received MSCs were smaller than those presented in the vehicle group (87 ± 80 versus 54 ± 62 mm3, p < 0.05). The rate of proliferation was two times lower and the apoptosis was 2.5 times higher in lesions treated with MSCs than in untreated ones. While the laters presented dedifferentiated cells, the former maintained differentiated cells (cytokeratin and gene expression profile similar to normal tissue). Thus, MSC administration at papilloma stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of OSCC.Fil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Universidad del Desarrollo; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Arango Rodríguez, Martha. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Plaza, Anita. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Espinoza, Iris. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Conget, Paulette. Universidad del Desarrollo; Chil

Pro-tumorigenic macrophage infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and possible macrophage-aimed therapeutic interventions

In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), as in other solid tumors, stromal cells strongly support the spread and growth of the tumor. Macrophages in tumors (tumor-associated macrophages or “TAMs”), can swing between a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic (M1-like TAMs) state or an anti‐inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic (M2-like TAMs) profile depending on the tumor microenvironment cues. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Here, our aim was to review the role of M2-like TAMs in the prognosis of patients with OSCC and provide a state of the art on strategies for depleting or reprogramming M2-like TAMs as a possible therapeutic solution for OSCC. The Clinical studies reviewed showed that higher density of CD163+ M2-like TAMs associated with worse survival and that CD206+ M2-TAMs are involved in OSCC progression through epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion, underlining the important role of CD206 as a marker of OSCC progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide the reader with the current tools, in preclinical and clinical stage, for depleting M2-like TAMs, re-educating them towards M1-like TAMs, and exploiting TAMs as drug delivery vectors.Fil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Scodeller, Pablo David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. University of Tartu; Estoni

Maintaining Tumor Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts.

Preclinical models often fail to capture the diverse heterogeneity of human malignancies and as such lack clinical predictive power. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) have emerged as a powerful technology: capable of retaining the molecular heterogeneity of their originating sample. However, heterogeneity within a tumor is governed by both cell-autonomous (e.g., genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity) and non-cell-autonomous (e.g., stromal heterogeneity) drivers. Although PDXs can largely recapitulate the polygenomic architecture of human tumors, they do not fully account for heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Hence, these models have substantial utility in basic and translational research in cancer biology; however, study of stromal or immune drivers of malignant progression may be limited. Similarly, PDX models offer the ability to conduct patient-specific in vivo and ex vivo drug screens, but stromal contributions to treatment responses may be under-represented. This review discusses the sources and consequences of intratumor heterogeneity and how these are recapitulated in the PDX model. Limitations of the current generation of PDXs are discussed and strategies to improve several aspects of the model with respect to preserving heterogeneity are proposed.We are grateful to Cancer Research UK for supporting all authors

Stability and activity of Zn/MCM-41 materials in toluene alkylation: Microwave irradiation vs continuous flow

Zn/MCM-41 mesoporous materials have been prepared via classic wet impregnation, employing zinc nitrate as precursor and tested for activity and stability in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene with benzyl chloride under microwave irradiation and continuous flow. The modified materials were characterized by means of a number of analytical techniques, and surface and textural properties were thoroughly checked. Materials containing the highest Zn loading (15 wt %) provided full conversion after 5 minutes reaction under microwave irradiation (300 W, 120 °C). Materials were proved to be stable and reusable for several cycles with an optimum performance under continuous flow conditions.Fil: Carraro, Paola María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Goldani, Bruna S.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Alves, Diego. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Sathicq, Angel Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Eimer, Griselda Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Rafael. Universidad de Córdoba; España. Rudn University; Rusi

Envases de alimentos y medio ambiente: desafíos para avanzar por una sociedad eco-amigable

El uso de envases plásticos tradicionales por parte de la industria de alimentos ha resultado clave en la protección, calidad y vida útil, y manejo de los productos que contienen, entre otros aspectos. Sin embargo, en la actualidad el impacto medioambiental de éstos resulta trascendental para la industria, y para la sociedad que los consume. La acumulación de desechos plásticos post-consumo en el medio ambiente producto de su nula degradación exige la generación de estrategias a corto, mediano y largo plazo, en donde cada uno de los miembros de la sociedad se transforma en actores claves para este gran desafío. Así la generación de estrategias enfocadas a la educación con el n de promover la correcta disposición y gestión de los desechos, búsqueda de materiales más respetuosos con el medio ambiente, implementación de estrategias acordes al ecodiseño y a la economía circular, se vislumbran como claves para avanzar en una sociedad más sustentable. Ahora bien, todo lo anterior se debe hacer sin olvidar la necesidad de contar envases que permitan asegurar alimentos de calidad y con la vida útil adecuada acorde a las exigencias de los consumidores. El siguiente artículo pretende dar una visión general del uso de los plásticos en la industria de alimentos, y de cómo las estrategias de ecodiseño y de los bioplásticos podrían contribuir a dar solución a la problemática medio ambiental, junto con la implementación de recientes instrumentos legislativos. Palabras claves: Envases; Vida útil; Medioambiente; Ecodiseño; Bioplásticos

Pedagogical architecture focusing on digital authorship by older person : a Look at creative learning

Esta pesquisa visa apresentar uma Arquitetura Pedagógica desenvolvida com foco na autoria digital para construção de filmes em stop motionpelos idosos. O cenário pandêmico exigiu alternativas remotas para o prosseguimento das aulas, sendo necessário que os docentes adaptassem os planejamentos à nova realidade. Nesse viés, a Arquitetura Pedagógica pode auxiliar os professores em desenvolver práticas voltadas à Aprendizagem Criativa, já que é constituída de aspectos que orientam no planejamento das atividades pedagógicas. A Aprendizagem Criativa é uma abordagem pedagógica no qual o intuito é tornar os ambientes educacionais mais criativos e lúdicos. Assim, acredita-se que se pode desenvolver uma Arquitetura Pedagógica baseada na Aprendizagem Criativa para idosos criarem filmes com a técnica de stopmotion. A metodologia é qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, sendo exploratória do tipo estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois tipos de instrumentos: observação participante e questionários on-line. Portanto,por meio da proposta pedagógica 32 idosos cursaram o curso CineSênior em 2021 todos realizaram a produção audiovisual e destacaram que 93,75% (n=30) gostaram de ser autores digitais e 6,25%(n=2) não gostaram preferindo ser espectadores. Como resultado observou que a arquitetura proposta se mostrou eficiente para idosos com interesse em construir filmes em stopmotion, tornando a aprendizagem criativa para este públicoThis research aims to present a pedagogical architecture developed with a focus on digital authorship for the construction of stop motion films by the older person. The pandemic scenario required remote alternatives for the continuation of classes, making it necessary for teachers to adapt plans to the new reality. Pedagogical Architecture can help teachers to develop practices aimed at Creative Learning, since it is made up of aspects that guide the planning of pedagogical activities. Creative Learning is a pedagogical approach in which the aim is to make educational environments more creative and playful. Thus, it is believed that a Pedagogical Architecture based on Creative Learning can bedeveloped for the elderly to create films with the stop motion technique. The methodology is qualitative, applied in nature, being exploratory in the case study type. Two types of instruments were used for data collection: participant observation and online questionnaires. Therefore, through the pedagogical proposal, 32 older peopleattended the CineSenior course in 2021, all of them carried out the audiovisual production and highlighted that 93,75% (n=30) liked being digital authors and 6,25% (n=2) did not like it, preferring to be spectators. As a result, it was observed that the proposed architecture proved to be efficient for group 60+ interested in building stop motion films, making creative learning for this public

Efectividad de la profilaxis analgésica con clonixinato de lisina en exodoncias: ensayo clínico aleatorio.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la profilaxis analgésica con dosis únicas de clonixinato de lisina (CL 125mg) en pacientes sometidos a extracciones dentales. Metodología: Ensayo clínico aleatorio, doble enmascaramiento placebo-controlado. Participaron pacientes ASA I y II con indicación de exodoncia dental de servicios públicos en la ciudad de Valdivia-Chile en el mes de octubre del 2012. Se asignó de manera aleatoria dos grupos: un grupo tratamiento quienes recibieron una dosis de 125mg de CL 15 minutos antes de la cirugía; y un grupo control quien recibió un placebo. A ambos grupos se indicó CL como analgésico de rescate. Mediante un cuestionario, los pacientes registraron el grado de dolor a través de una Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) durante primer día en las 7 primeras horas, después de 24 y a las 48 horas posterior a la cirugía. Además, se registró número de cápsulas de CL consumidos como rescate durante 3 días posteriores a la intervención. Se comparó el efecto analgésico observado (EVA) y el número de consumo de analgésicos adicionales entre ambos grupos mediante t-test (p&lt;0,05). Resultados: Cincuenta y cuatro pacientes fueron intervenidos. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones de dolor entre ambos grupos.  Los pacientes con profilaxis de CL informaron similar consumo de números de cápsulas de rescate que el grupo control. Conclusión: La profilaxis analgésica con CL no demostró ser más efectiva en la reducción del dolor luego de extracciones dentales en comparación al uso de placebo y dosis postquirúrgicas.Palabras clave: Analgesia, Antiinflamatorio no Esteroideo, Extracción dental, Premedicación.Effectiveness of preemptive lysine clonixinate in tooth extraction: A randomized controlled trial.Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylaxis with single-dose analgesic clonixinate lysine (CL 125 mg) in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Were included in the study patients ASA I and II with dental extraction indication in the city of Valdivia, Chile in October 2012. Were randomly assigned in two groups: the treatment group received a doses of 125mg of CL fifteen minutes before the surgery, and a control group who received placebo. Both groups used a CL as a rescue analgesic. Using a survey, patients reported the degree of pain via a visual analog scale (VAS) during the first day, at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In addition, registered the number of CL capsules consumed as a ransom for 3 days after the surgery. We compared the analgesic effect observed in (VAS) and the number of additional analgesic consumption between the two groups using  t-test (p &lt;0,05). Results: Fifty-four patients were operated and there was no statistically significant difference between the pain scores between the two groups. Premedication patients reported the use of equal number of rescue capsules comparing with the control group. Conclusion: CL analgesic prophylaxis proved no more effective in reducing pain after tooth extraction when comparing to the use of placebo in a postoperative doses.Keywords: Lysine clonixinate, "Analgesia"[MeSH], "Premedication"[MeSH], "Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"[MeSH], "Tooth Extraction"[MeSH]

As relações público-privado na educação em tempos de pandemia do COVID-19: um olhar freireano

O neoliberalismo se constitui como uma ideologia caracterizada por um conjunto de ideias políticas e econômicas capitalistas que visam estimular o desenvolvimento econômico, sobretudo, sem a intervenção do Estado. No âmbito educacional, esse processo ocorre de modo sutil no qual a escola é compreendida na lógica de mercado. Além disso, a partir de 2019 o cenário mundial foi demarcado pela pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19) que impactou as esferas econômicas, sociais, políticas e, sobretudo, a educação. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a influência da relação público-privado no contexto educacional pandêmico a partir do viés teórico subsidiado em Paulo Freire. Desse modo, é utilizada como metodologia a pesquisa de revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram analisados 79 artigos sobre a temática sendo que somente 3 passaram pelos critérios de qualidade. Portanto, observou-se que em ambos artigos estava presente as relações público-privadas na educação brasileira balizadas nas desigualdades sociais e mercantilização da educação que se intensificaram com o período pandêmico haja visto que já existiam e estavam à serviço das agendas empresariais