O olhar das crianças/adolescentes sobre a pandemia Covid-19 e a psicologia

It is impossible to remain indifferent to the Covidpandemic19, it is impossible not to see that the effects will be global, generational and in the widest areas of human life. With this study, in a random sample, from the possible tools at home,  through social networks (among friends and acquaintances, and acquaintances and friends of friends), it was intended to try now to understand what the view of children in the face of this crisis, known as “quarantine”, “pseudovacation”, “war”, “forced school break”, “hidden enemy” and how psychology can or can intervene in a positive and simplified way. Children being the foundations of tomorrow’s society, as they perceive all these changes, all changes, the sudden decisions that government and society incite them to comply with, as well as their parents. Will children/teenagers be aware of what is going on and the scope of the problem, and how do they feel there is a solution and what is it. And if there are changes in an elective awareness, can we talk about prevention, building new mentalities or even the birth of a Brave New World?! ...É impossível ficarmos indiferentes à pandemia Covid-19, é impossível não constatar que os efeitos vão ser globais, geracionais e nas mais vastas áreas da vida humana. Com este estudo, numa amostra aleatória, a partir dasferramentas possíveis dentro decasa, pelas redes sociais (entre os amigos e conhecidos, e conhecidos e amigos dos amigos), pretendeu-se desde já procurar perceber qual o olhar das crianças face a esta crise, conhecida por “quarentena”, “pseudoférias”, “guerra”, “pausa forçada da escola”, “inimigo oculto” e como pode ou poderá a psicologia intervir de uma forma positiva e simplificada. Sendo as crianças os alicerces da sociedade de amanhã, como percebem todas estas mudanças, todas alterações, as decisões repentinas que governo e sociedade incitam-nas a cumprir, bem como aos seus pais. Terão as crianças/adolescentes mais ou menos consciência do que se passa e da abrangência do problema, e de que modo sentem que há solução e qual é. E a haver mudanças numa tomada de consciência eletiva, poder-se-á falar em prevenção, em construção de novas mentalidades ou mesmo no nascimento de um Admirável Mundo Novo?!..

Simultaneous localization of MLL, AF4 and ENL genes in interphase nuclei by 3D-FISH: MLL translocation revisited

BACKGROUND: Haematological cancer is characterised by chromosomal translocation (e.g. MLL translocation in acute leukaemia) and two models have been proposed to explain the origins of recurrent reciprocal translocation. The first, established from pairs of translocated genes (such as BCR and ABL), considers the spatial proximity of loci in interphase nuclei (static "contact first" model). The second model is based on the dynamics of double strand break ends during repair processes (dynamic "breakage first" model). Since the MLL gene involved in 11q23 translocation has more than 40 partners, the study of the relative positions of the MLL gene with both the most frequent partner gene (AF4) and a less frequent partner gene (ENL), should elucidate the MLL translocation mechanism. METHODS: Using triple labeling 3D FISH experiments, we have determined the relative positions of MLL, AF4 and ENL genes, in two lymphoblastic and two myeloid human cell lines. RESULTS: In all cell lines, the ENL gene is significantly closer to the MLL gene than the AF4 gene (with P value < 0.0001). According to the static "contact first" model of the translocation mechanism, a minimal distance between loci would indicate a greater probability of the occurrence of t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) compared to t(4;11)(q21;q23). However this is in contradiction to the epidemiology of 11q23 translocation. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous multi-probe hybridization in 3D-FISH is a new approach in addressing the correlation between spatial proximity and occurrence of translocation. Our observations are not consistent with the static "contact first" model of translocation. The recently proposed dynamic "breakage first" model offers an attractive alternative explanation

Genome-Wide Bovine H3K27me3 Modifications and the Regulatory Effects on Genes Expressions in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Gene expression of lymphocytes was found to be influenced by histone methylation in mammals and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) normally represses genes expressions. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are the main source of somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows that vary frequently in response to the infection or injury of mammary gland and number of parities.The genome-wide status of H3K27me3 modifications on blood lymphocytes in lactating Holsteins was performed via ChIP-Seq approach. Combined with digital gene expression (DGE) technique, the regulation effects of H3K27me3 on genes expressions were analyzed.The ChIP-seq results showed that the peaks of H3K27me3 in cows lymphocytes were mainly enriched in the regions of up20K (~50%), down20K (~30%) and intron (~28%) of the genes. Only ~3% peaks were enriched in exon regions. Moreover, the highest H3K27me3 modification levels were mainly around the 2 Kb upstream of transcriptional start sites (TSS) of the genes. Using conjoint analysis with DGE data, we found that H3K27me3 marks tended to repress target genes expressions throughout whole gene regions especially acting on the promoter region. A total of 53 differential expressed genes were detected in third parity cows compared to first parity, and the 25 down-regulated genes (PSEN2 etc.) were negatively correlated with H3K27me3 levels on up2Kb to up1Kb of the genes, while the up-regulated genes were not showed in this relationship.The first blueprint of bovine H3K27me3 marks that mediates gene silencing was generated. H3K27me3 plays its repressed role mainly in the regulatory region in bovine lymphocytes. The up2Kb to up1Kb region of the down-regulated genes in third parity cows could be potential target of H3K27me3 regulation. Further studies are warranted to understand the regulation mechanisms of H3K27me3 on somatic cell count increases and milk losses in latter parities of cows

ICF, An Immunodeficiency Syndrome: DNA Methyltransferase 3B Involvement, Chromosome Anomalies, and Gene Dysregulation

The immunodeficiency, centromeric region instability, and facial anomalies syndrome (ICF) is the only disease known to result from a mutated DNA methyltransferase gene, namely, DNMT3B. Characteristic of this recessive disease are decreases in serum immunoglobulins despite the presence of B cells and, in the juxtacentromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1 and 16, chromatin decondensation, distinctive rearrangements, and satellite DNA hypomethylation. Although DNMT3B is involved in specific associations with histone deacetylases, HP1, other DNMTs, chromatin remodelling proteins, condensin, and other nuclear proteins, it is probably the partial loss of catalytic activity that is responsible for the disease. In microarray experiments and real-time RT-PCR assays, we observed significant differences in RNA levels from ICF vs. control lymphoblasts for pro- and anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2L10, CASP1, and PTPN13); nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, NF-κB, and TNFa signalling pathway genes (PRKCH, GUCY1A3, GUCY1B3, MAPK13; HMOX1, and MAP4K4); and transcription control genes (NR2F2 and SMARCA2). This gene dysregulation could contribute to the immunodeficiency and other symptoms of ICF and might result from the limited losses of DNA methylation although ICF-related promoter hypomethylation was not observed for six of the above examined genes. We propose that hypomethylation of satellite 2at1qh and 16qh might provoke this dysregulation gene expression by trans effects from altered sequestration of transcription factors, changes in nuclear architecture, or expression of noncoding RNAs

Comparing the performance of two camera trap-based methods to survey small mustelids

Small mustelids are an understudied group partly due to the challenges in detecting and monitoring their populations. Despite the classification as Least Concern for several small mustelid species, some studies indicate a population decline in parts of their range. Therefore, efficient and group-specific methods are essential to support monitoring efforts. Camera traps are widely used, particularly to monitor cryptic and nocturnal species such as most carnivores. However, they tend to miss small-sized and fast-moving species due to the sensitivity of the passive infrared sensor. The Mostela is a device which consists of a camera trap and a tracking tunnel inside a wooden box, designed specifically to detect small mustelids. Here, we propose testing the performance of this device and comparing it to a tree-mounted camera trap, using the least weasel (M. nivalis) as a case study. We used multi-scale occupancy models to estimate differences in the detection probability between devices. Although both methods detected the least weasel, the detection probability was higher with the Mostela (0.8, BCI: 0.52–0.97 vs 0.2, BCI: 0.03–0.48). Furthermore, we obtained a higher trapping rate when using a shorter distance between sampling stations (∼350 m). Although the Mostela performed better at detecting the weasel, the number of independent events was low (N = 11). Therefore, we present recommendations in terms of deployment and future research since the development and testing of new methods are essential for the conservation efforts of small mustelids

Assessment of technological developments for camera‐traps: a wireless transmission system and solar panels

Camera-trapping is considered a cost-efficient method to monitor wildlife, but relevant performance constraints remain. We assessed performance and cost-benefit for 2 recent technological innovations: (i) a wireless transmission system where cameras communicate in a network, and (ii) using solar panels as a camera's sole power supply. The maximum distance between cameras that ensured wireless connection varied between 2 km in open habitats and 335 m in forest habitats with dense tree cover. The cost of using the wireless transmission system was lower for surveys run for >45 days and for >15 sampling units (i.e., camera-trap sites). For surveys longer than 15 days, using the wireless transmission system required, on average, 8 fewer days of fieldwork. We measured the performance of the solar panels in terms of capture probability, and the solar-powered cameras (β = −0.015 ± 0.01 in the log scale) outperformed battery-powered cameras (β = −0.103 ± 0.005) as capture rate decreased more slowly, particularly for nighttime events (difference in capture probability of the solar-powered relative to the battery-powered cameras at night, β = 0.09 ± 0.01). We consider that, although camera-traps with wireless transmission can provide a return on investment for a wide range of survey designs, the constraints on maximum distance for transmission are a limitation. Despite the higher cost, we recommend solar-powered camera-traps as they had improved performance with a higher proportion of species events captured than by battery-powered cameras.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Visualizing Ligand Binding to a GPCR In&nbsp;Vivo Using NanoBRET.

The therapeutic action of a drug depends on its ability to engage with its molecular target in&nbsp;vivo. However, current drug discovery strategies quantify drug levels within organs rather than determining the binding of drugs directly to their specific molecular targets in&nbsp;vivo. This is a particular problem for assessing the therapeutic potential of drugs that target malignant tumors where access and binding may be impaired by disrupted vasculature and local hypoxia. Here we have used triple-negative human breast cancer cells expressing β2-adrenoceptors tagged with the bioluminescence protein NanoLuc to provide a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approach to directly quantify ligand binding to a G protein-coupled receptor in&nbsp;vivo using a mouse model of breast cancer