De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem D’Acoz C. d’, Van de Putte A.P., Danis B., David B., Grant S., Gutt J., Held C., Hosie G., Huettmann F., Post A., Ropert-Coudert Y. (eds). 2014. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Book review of: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem D’Acoz C. d’, Van de Putte A.P., Danis B., David B., Grant S., Gutt J., Held C., Hosie G., Huettmann F., Post A., Ropert-Coudert Y. (eds). 2014. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean.Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, XII, 498 pp. ISBN: 978-0-948277-28-3.-- 2 pagesPeer Reviewe

Las publicaciones de Ramón Margalef en Investigación Pesquera y Scientia Marina: Los comienzos de la ecología marina en el CSIC

Ramon Margalef López (1919-2004) was one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century in the fields of limnology, oceanography and ecology. His contributions to theoretical ecology, which won him international recognition, were based on a great deal of laboratory and field work and on extensive observations of the natural world, a passion that he acquired at a young age. Some of the early papers of Ramon Margalef appeared in the Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada, but as of 1955 many of his marine studies were published in Investigación Pesquera, the journal of the Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras of the CSIC in Barcelona. He also wrote several articles for Scientia Marina, the journal that replaced Investigación Pesquera in 1989 after the Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras became the Institut de Ciències del Mar. The present article aims to give an overview of Margalef’s contributions to these journals to mark the celebration in 2019 of the 100th anniversary of his birth.Ramon Margalef López (1919-2004) fue uno de los científicos más destacados del siglo XX en los campos de la limnología, la oceanografía y la ecología. Sus contribuciones a la ecología teórica, que le valieron el reconocimiento internacional, se basaron en una gran cantidad de trabajo en el campo y en el laboratorio, y en extensivas observaciones del mundo natural, una pasión que adquirió a una edad temprana. Algunos de los primeros artículos de Ramon Margalef aparecieron en las Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada pero, después de 1955, muchos de sus trabajos marinos se publicaron en Investigación Pesquera, la revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras del CSIC en Barcelona. También escribió varios artículos para Scientia Marina, la revista que sucedió a Investigación Pesquera en 1989, después de que el Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras se convirtiera en el Institut de Ciències del Mar. El presente escrito tiene como objetivo dar una visión general de las contribuciones de Margalef a estas revistas, en el contexto de la reciente celebración (2019) del centenario de su nacimiento

External energy and plankton: New insights on the role of small-scale turbulence on zooplankton ecology

Some of the already known effects of small scale turbulence on zooplankton populations maintained in laboratory rnicrocosms (higher development rates, changes in the demographic composition of populations, higher ammonia concentration) seemed to be a cons.equence of increased energy expenditure driven by behavioural changes. Higher frequency of escape reactions and fast swimming in copepods could be the main reasons for it, although direct measurements of metabolic rates under turbulence were not available. Here we discuss the effects of small scale turbulence on two parameters directly related to metabolic activity: heart-beat rate on pond cladocerans, and NH4-N and P04-P excretion rates on marine copepods

Metabolic rates and carbon budget of early developmental stages of the marine cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae

12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tablesThe genus Oithona has been considered the most abundant and ubiquitous copepod in the world’s oceans. However, despite its importance, the metabolism of its developmental stages (nauplii and copepodites), crucial to explain their evolutionary success, is almost unknown. We determined respiration rates, ammonium and phosphate excretion rates, and the net growth efficiencies of early developmental stages of Oithona davisae as related to stage, body weight, temperature, and food availability. Respiration and excretion rates increased with increasing body weight and were positively related to temperature and food. Specific respiration rates of nauplii and copepodites varied from 0.11 to 0.55 d-1 depending on stage, body weight, temperature, and food availability. Metabolic C:N ratios were higher than 14, indicating lipid-oriented metabolism. Assimilation efficiencies and net growth efficiencies ranged from 65% to 86% and from 23% to 32%, respectively, depending on body weight, stage, and temperature. Assimilation efficiencies and net growth efficiencies estimated using the respiration rates of nauplii with food were 1.7 times higher and 0.6 times lower, respectively, than those calculated using respiration rates of nauplii without food. Therefore, the use of respiration rates measured in filtered seawater led to substantial bias on the estimations of zooplankton carbon budget. O. davisae developmental stages exhibited similar assimilation and growth efficiencies but lower carbon-specific respiratory losses than calanoid copepods. Hence, the low metabolic costs of Oithona compared with calanoids may be one reason for their success in marine ecosystemsThis work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through a Ph.D. fellowship to R.A. (BES-2005-7491) and the research projects CTM2004-02775 and Intramural-200630I226 to A.C., CTM2007-60052 to E.S., and CTM2006-12344 to M.A.Peer reviewe

El lado oscuro de entrenar : influencia del contexto deportivo sobre la experiencia negativa de entrenadores de baloncesto

Enmarcado dentro de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la experiencia negativa de los entrenadores de formación deportiva comprobando el ajuste de un modelo teórico en el que factores negativos del ambiente (i.e., presión del club para entrenar de una determinada manera, conflicto trabajo-vida y percepción de la amotivación en los jugadores) predecían positivamente la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas de los entrenadores, y a su vez esta frustración influía positivamente en su amotivación para entrenar. Un total de 177 entrenadores de baloncesto (Medad = 21.74, 27.1% mujeres) participaron en el estudio. Como paso previo a su inclusión en el modelo estructural, se obtuvieron evidencias que apoyaron la fiabilidad y la estructura interna de las escalas, mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios. Cabe destacar que para la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas se optó por una estructura unifactorial, en lugar de la estructura esperada de tres factores. Los resultados del modelo estructural apoyaron la validez del modelo hipotetizado, mostrando que la presión del club, el conflicto trabajo-vida y la amotivación de los jugadores llevaban a los entrenadores a sufrir una experiencia deportiva negativa (i.e., frustración de sus necesidades psicológicas y amotivación para entrenar).Grounded in self-determination theory, the aim of the present study was to analyze the negative experiences of development coaches. To do so, we tested a theoretical model where negative environmental factors (i.e., club pressures regarding how to run practices, work-life conflict, and perception of players' amotivation) were hypothesized to positively predict coaches' basic psychological need thwarting, and in turn coaches' need thwarting was expected to positively predict their amotivation for coaching. One hundred and seventy-seven basketball coaches (Mage = 21.74, 27.1% women) participated in the study. Before the inclusion of the scales in the structural equation model, we obtained evidence supporting their reliability and internal structure (i.e., using confirmatory factor analyses). It was noted that for coaches' psychological need thwarting, the results supported the choice of a single factor structure, instead of the hypothesized 3-factor structure. The results of the structural equation model provided evidence supporting the validity of the theoretical model, showing that club pressures, work-life conflict, and players' amotivation led coaches to suffer more negative sport experiences (i.e., psychological need thwarting and amotivation for coaching).Tendo por base a Teoria da Auto-Determinação, o objectivo do presente estudo foi analisar a experiência negativa dos treinadores da formação, comprovar o ajustamento do modelo teórico no qual os factores negativos do contexto (e.g. pressão do clube para treinar de uma determinada forma, conflito laboral-pessoal e percepção de amotivação nos jogadores) prediziam positivamente a frustração das necessidades psicológicas dos treinadores, e por seu turno esta frustração influía positivamente na sua amotivação para treinar. Um total de 177 treinadores de basquetebol (Midade = 21.74, 27.1% mulheres) participaram no estudo. Como etapa prévia à sua inclusão no modelo estructural, foram obtidas evidências que suportavam a fidelidade e a estrutura interna das escalas, mediante análises factoriais confirmatórias. Destaca-se que para a frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas se optou por uma estrutura unifactorial, em vez de uma estructura de três factores expectável segundo a teoria. Os resultados do modelo estructural suportam a validade do modelo hipotetizado, revelando que a pressão do clube, o conflito laboral-pessoal e a amotivação dos jogadores levavam a que os treinadores sofressem uma experiência desportiva mais negativa (e.g. frustração das suas necessidades psicológicas e amotivação para treinar)

Variabilidad de la biomasa del zooplankton y de su tamaño individual en un transecto costa-alta mar en el ar Catalán: relaciones con la clorofila a y las estructuras hidrográficas

The temporal and spatial changes of zooplankton and chlorophyll a concentration were studied during the warm stratification period (early June) at three stations whose traits corresponded to the coastal, frontal, and offshore-dome water conditions described for the Catalan Sea. We sampled the stations for 12 days at a frequency ranging from less than 10 to 102 h, with a spatial resolution ranging from 10 to 104 m. The objective was to determine the variability of mesozooplankton and phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) biomass, and average individual size (mass) across a coast-offshore transect in relation to the stratification conditions prevailing in the NW Mediterranean during summer. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton biomass displayed a clear deep maximum at 60 m depth except at the coastal station. This maximum exists during most of the year and is especially important during the density stratification period. It was accompanied during daylight hours by a coherent zooplankton maximum. At sunset mesozooplankton ascended and dispersed, with larger organisms from deeper layers joining the migrating community and increasing the average individual mass. The highest variability of mesozooplankton biomass, individual mass and chlorophyll a concentration occurred at the front station due to the coupling between the vertical migration of zooplankton and the particular characteristics of the front. According to the data shown, the highest variability was observed at the lowest scales.Durante el periodo de estratificación térmica (principios de junio) se estudiaron los cambios temporales y espaciales de concentración de zooplancton y clorofila a en tres estaciones cuyos rasgos corresponden a las condiciones de aguas costeras, frontal y domo central descritas para el Mar Catalán. Muestreamos las estaciones a lo largo de 12 días con una frecuencia que varió entre 10 h y 102 h, y con una resolución espacial entre 10 y 104 m. El objetivo fue determinar la variabilidad de la biomasa del fitoplancton (clorofila a) y del mesozooplancton, así como de su tamaño individual promedio a lo largo de un transecto costa-mar abierto en relación con las condiciones de estratificación térmica típicas del Mediterráneo del Noroccidental desde finales de primavera a finales de verano. La distribución vertical de la biomasa de fitoplancton mostró la existencia de un máximo profundo a 60 m de profundidad, excepto en la estación costera. Aunque cierta heterogeneidad vertical en la biomasa de fitoplancton suele observarse durante la mayor parte del año, es especialmente importante durante el período de estratificación de densidad. El máximo de fitoplancton estuvo acompañado durante las horas de luz por un máximo de zooplancton, que en la crepúsculo ascendía y se dispersaba, y al que se unían organismos de mayor tamaño procedentes de zonas más profundas, contribuyendo a aumentar la masa individual promedio. La mayor variabilidad de biomasa mesozooplanctónica, de la masa individual y de la concentración de clorofila a se observó en la estación frontal debido al acoplamiento entre la migración vertical del zooplancton y las características particulares del frente. Según los datos presentados la mayor variabilidad fue observada en las escalas espaciales y temporales más bajas

Die rußländische Sicherheitspolitik um die Jahrtausendwende

13 pages, 3 figures, 6 tablesThe metabolic carbon requirements and excretion rates of three major zooplankton groups in the Southern Ocean were studied in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula in February 2009. The research was conducted in the framework of the ATOS project (POL2006-00550/CTM), as part of the Spanish contribution to the International Polar Year. Our objective was to ascertain the possible consequences of changes on size spectrum and community structure of the Southern Ocean zooplankton for the cycling of biogenic carbon and the stoichiometry of dissolved inorganic nutrients. The carbon respiratory demands and NH4-N and PO4-P excretion rates of < 5 mm size copepods, krill (represented by furcilia spp. and adult Euphausia superba) and salps (blastozoids of Salpa thompsoni) were estimated by incubation experiments. The respiration rates and N:P metabolic quotients of salps were more than twice those of krill (furcilia spp. and adults) and copepods. The possible community shift from krill to salps in the Southern Ocean would therefore encompass not only the substitution of a pivotal zooplankton group (krill) by one with an apparently indifferent role in Antarctic food webs and with higher specific metabolic carbon demands (salps), but the changes in the proportion of zooplankton-recycled N and P would modify the N:P stoichiometry of the dissolved nutrient pool, thus inducing changes in the functional and structural properties of phytoplankton that would translate to the whole Southern Ocean ecosystemThis work was supported by the Spanish funded projects ATOS (POL 2006-0550/CTM) to Carlos M. Duarte, PERFIL (CTM 2006-12344-C01) to Miquel Alcaraz, and the UE funded project ATP (www.eu-atp.org) contract # 226248 to P. WassmannPeer Reviewe