MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism in the spanish registry: clinical characterictics and surgical outcomes

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; MEN1 gene; Primary hyperparathyroidismNeoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1; Gen MEN1; Hiperparatiroidismo primarioNeoplàsia endocrina múltiple tipus 1; Gen MEN1; Hiperparatiroidisme primariPrimary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Bone and renal complications are common. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but the best timing for surgery is controversial and predictors of persistence and recurrence are not well known. Our study describes the clinical characteristics and the surgical outcomes, after surgery and in the long term, of the patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism included in the Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (REGMEN). Eighty-nine patients (49 men and 40 women, 34.2 ± 13 years old) were included. Sixty-four out of the 89 underwent surgery: a total parathyroidectomy was done in 13 patients, a subtotal parathyroidectomy in 34 and a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy in 15. Remission rates were higher after a total or a subtotal parathyroidectomy than after a less than subtotal (3/4 and 20/22 vs 7/12, P < 0.05), without significant differences in permanent hypoparathyroidism (1/5, 9/23 and 0/11, N.S.). After a median follow-up of 111 months, 20 of the 41 operated patients with long-term follow-up had persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. We did not find differences in disease-free survival rates between different techniques, patients with or without permanent hypoparathyroidism and patients with different mutated exons, but a second surgery was more frequent after a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy.The Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytmas and Paragangliomas is supported by IPSEN Pharmaceutical. This work did not receive any other specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector

FRECUENCIA DE HELMINTOS EN HUANGANAS SILVESTRES (TAYASSU PECARI LINK, 1795) RESIDENTES EN AREAS PROTEGIDAS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE MADRE DE DIOS, PERÚ

Parasites of wild populations play an important role in the control of ecological communities andecosystems. Information about host ecology are essential to the proper analysis of the epidemiologicalprofile to be considered during process of maintenance of hosts. Moreover, helminths infecting the whitelipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) from the Peruvian Amazon are unknown, so far. The aim of the present study was to identify and determine the frequency of helminths parasitizing wild peccaries from Madre de Dios Department, Peru. Thirty-three fecal samples preserved in 10% formaldehyde were analyzed by means of the direct method and Ritchie's method (formaldehyde-ether). The total amount of positive samples were of 81.81%. Of these, 81.81% and 12.12% showed the presence of nematode and trematode eggs, respectively. Nematodes were represented by Ascaris sp. (51.51%), ancylostomatids (33.33%), and spirurids (6.06%), as well as the trematode Paragonimus sp. (12.12%). The present survey deals with the first report of the presence and frequency of worms infecting wild specimens of the white-lipped peccary in Peru; T. pecari is here established as a new host record for Paragonimus sp.Los parásitos de las poblaciones silvestres juegan un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de las comunidades ecológicas y ecosistemas, proporcionan información sobre la ecología del huésped y son indispensables dentro del perfil epidemiológico de un plan de manejo del hospedero. A pesar de ésto, no se conocen los parásitos presentes de la huangana (Tayassu pecari) de la amazonía peruana. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron identificar y determinar la frecuencia de helmintos presentes en huanganas silvestres residentes en el departamento de Madre de Dios, Perú. Para ello, se analizaron 33 muestras fecales conservadas en formol al 10 %, utilizando el método directo y el de Ritchie (formol-éter). En total se obtuvo un 81,81 % de muestras positivas, con un 81,81 % y 12,12 % de animales con huevos de nemátodos y trematodos, respectivamente. Los huevos de nemátodos encontrados fueron de Ascaris sp. (51,51%), Ancylostomatidae (33,33%), Tipo spiruroideo (6,06%) y del tremátodo Paragonimus sp. (12,12%). Este trabajo constituye el primer estudio sobre la presencia de helmintos y sus frecuencias en huanganas del Perú. Con esta información se establece a T. pecari como nuevo hospedero de Paragonimus sp

El orden Carnivora (Mammalia) en el Perú: Estado del conocimiento y prioridades de investigación para su conservación

The high diversity of Peruvian carnivore species may pose problems when deciding to which taxa and topics new research efforts should be directed. In this publication, we evaluated the research effort made on each taxa -by assessing the number of publications per species-, point out the knowledge gaps that are important to the conservation of each species and present the first evaluation of research priorities for this group of animals to the country. We registered 145 publications about Peruvian carnivores made since 1943. The number of publications is significantly different between taxa, between subjects and between ecoregions where the research was conducted. According to the proposed priority scale, the species to be studied with greater priority is Nasua olivacea and the lowest priority is for Leopardus pardalis. The results of our study highlight the urgent need to conduct research on certain species of carnivores about which there are few published data, locally and globally, and which occupy a low number of ecoregions in the country. Both the scale of research priorities and the list of knowledge gaps presented here will be useful to guide logistical and financial efforts, for individual researchers as well as for private or governmental institutions.La alta diversidad de especies de carnívoros del Perú puede generar problemas al momento de decidir los taxa y temas sobre los que deben dirigirse los esfuerzos de investigación. En este trabajo se evalúa el esfuerzo de investigación en base al número de publicaciones realizadas para cada familia y especie de carnívoro en el Perú. Asimismo, se señalan los vacíos de información relevantes para la conservación de cada especie y se presenta la primera evaluación de las prioridades de investigación sobre este grupo animal en el Perú. Se registró 145 publicaciones sobre carnívoros peruanos realizadas desde el año 1943. El número de publicaciones presentó grandes diferencias entre taxa, entre temas estudiados y entre las ecorregiones en las que se realizaron las investigaciones. Según la escala de prioridades propuesta, la especie que debe ser estudiada con mayor prioridad es el coatí andino Nasua olivacea y la de menor prioridad es el ocelote Leopardus pardalis. Los resultados de nuestro trabajo resaltan la urgencia de realizar investigaciones sobre ciertas especies de carnívoros de las que existen pocos datos publicados, tanto a nivel local como global, y que se distribuyen en pocas ecorregiones del Perú. Tanto la escala de prioridades de investigación como la lista de vacíos de información serán de utilidad para guiar esfuerzos logísticos y financieros de investigadores particulares, instituciones privadas y gubernamentales.

Hemoparásitos Presentes en Poblaciones Ferales de la Paloma de Castilla (Columba livia) en el Departamento de Lima, Perú

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of blood parasites in feral populations of the rock dove (Columba livia) in the department of Lima, Peru. The study was carried out in Pampas San Alejo, located in Barranca (rural area) and in a zoo located in San Juan de Miraflores district (urban area). A total of 52 adult birds were captured using mist nets, resulting 28 and 24 pigeons in the rural and urban area respectively. Blood samples from the brachial vein were collected, and blood smears were fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa. Results showed 94.2% (49/52) positive to the presence of hemoparasites: Haemoproteus sp (94.2%; 47/52), Plasmodium sp (13.5%; 7/52) and Leucocytozoon sp (1.9%; 1/52). The Haemoproteus sp infestation intensity was very low (24.5%), low (59.2%) and medium (16.3%). All rural birds were positive, while only 87.5% (21/24) of birds in the urban area had hemoparasites, although this difference was not significant.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de hemoparásitos en poblaciones ferales de la paloma de castilla (Columba livia) en el departamento de Lima, Perú. Se trabajó en el centro poblado Pampas San Alejo, ciudad y provincia de Barranca (zona rural) y en un Zoológico del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores, ciudad y provincia de Lima (zona urbana). Se capturaron 52 aves adultas utilizando redes de neblina: 28 y 24 aves en la zona rural y urbana, respectivamente. Se obtuvo una muestra sanguínea de la vena braquial y se realizaron frotices sanguíneos, que fueron fijados con metanol y teñidos con Giemsa. El 94.2% (49/52) de las aves fueron positivas a la presencia de hemoparásitos: Haemoproteus sp (94.2%; 47/52), Plasmodium sp (13.5%; 7/52) y Leucocytozoon sp (1.9%; 1/52). La intensidad de infección para Haemoproteus sp fue muy baja (24.5%), baja (59.2%) y media (16.3%). Todas las aves de la zona rural fueron positivas (n=28), mientras que solo el 87.5% (21/24) de las aves de la zona urbana presentaron hemoparásitos, pero sin diferencia significativa entre lugares de procedencia de las aves

MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism in the Spanish Registry: Clinical characterictics and surgical outcomes

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Bone and renal complications are common. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but the best timing for surgery is controversial and predictors of persistence and recurrence are not well known. Our study describes the clinical characteristics and the surgical outcomes, after surgery and in the long term, of the patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism included in the Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (REGMEN). Eighty-nine patients (49 men and 40 women, 34.2 ± 13 years old) were included. Sixtyfour out of the 89 underwent surgery: a total parathyroidectomy was done in 13 patients, a subtotal parathyroidectomy in 34 and a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy in 15. Remission rates were higher after a total or a subtotal parathyroidectomy than after a less than subtotal (3/4 and 20/22 vs 7/12, P < 0.05), without significant differences in permanent hypoparathyroidism (1/5, 9/23 and 0/11, N.S.). After a median follow-up of 111 months, 20 of the 41 operated patients with long-term follow-up had persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. We did not find differences in disease-free survival rates between different techniques, patients with or without permanent hypopar athyroidism and patients with different mutated exons, but a second surgery was more freq uent after a less than subtotal parathyroidectomyThe Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytmas and Paragangliomas is supported by IPSEN Pharmaceutical

MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism in the Spanish Registry: clinical characterictics and surgical outcomes

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Bone and renal complications are common. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but the best timing for surgery is controversial and predictors of persistence and recurrence are not well known. Our study describes the clinical characteristics and the surgical outcomes, after surgery and in the long term, of the patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism included in the Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (REGMEN). Eighty-nine patients (49 men and 40 women, 34.2 ± 13 years old) were included. Sixty-four out of the 89 underwent surgery: a total parathyroidectomy was done in 13 patients, a subtotal parathyroidectomy in 34 and a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy in 15. Remission rates were higher after a total or a subtotal parathyroidectomy than after a less than subtotal (3/4 and 20/22 vs 7/12, P < 0.05), without significant differences in permanent hypoparathyroidism (1/5, 9/23 and 0/11, N.S.). After a median follow-up of 111 months, 20 of the 41 operated patients with long-term follow-up had persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. We did not find differences in disease-free survival rates between different techniques, patients with or without permanent hypoparathyroidism and patients with different mutated exons, but a second surgery was more frequent after a less than subtotal parathyroidectom

Seroprevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in pregnant women in Spain. Risk factors for vertical transmission

Background & aim Worldwide, measures are being implemented to eradicate hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, which can be transmitted from the mother during childbirth. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in pregnant women in Spain, focusing on country of origin, epidemiological factors and risk of vertical transmission (VT). Methodology Multicentre open-cohort study performed during 2015. HBV prevalence was determined in 21870 pregnant women and HCV prevalence in 7659 pregnant women. Epidemiological and risk factors for VT were analysed in positive women and differences between HBV and HCV cases were studied. Results HBV prevalence was 0.42% (91/21870) and HCV prevalence was 0.26% (20/7659). Of the women with HBV, 65.7% (44/67) were migrants. The HBV transmission route to the mother was unknown in 40.3% of cases (27/67) and VT in 31.3% (21/67). Among risk factors for VT, 67.7% (42/62) of the women had viraemia and 14.5% (9/62) tested HBeAg-positive. All of the neonates born to HBV-positive mothers received immunoprophylaxis, and none contracted infection by VT. In 80% (16/20) of the women with HCV, the transmission route was parenteral, and nine were intravenous drug users. Viraemia was present in 40% (8/20) of the women and 10% (2/20) were HIV-coinfected. No children were infected. Women with HCV were less likely than women with HBV to breastfeed their child (65% vs. 86%). Conclusions The prevalences obtained in our study of pregnant women are lower than those previously documented for the general population. Among the women with HBV, the majority were migrants and had a maternal family history of infection, while among those with HCV, the most common factor was intravenous drug use. Despite the risk factors observed for VT, none of the children were infected. Proper immunoprophylaxis is essential to prevent VT in children born to HBV-positive women.This study received financial assistance from the following: Ciberehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III. ISCIII, Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2013-2016 (PI13/01925), Confinanciacio´n Fondos FEDER. Gilead Fellowship Program (GLD14-00292 and GLD15-00307)

Corrigendum: Melatonin and Nitrones As Potential Therapeutic Agents for Stroke

Stroke is a disease of aging affecting millions of people worldwide, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only treatment approved. However, r-tPA has a low therapeutic window and secondary effects which limit its beneficial outcome, urging thus the search for new more efficient therapies. Among them, neuroprotection based on melatonin or nitrones, as free radical traps, have arisen as drug candidates due to their strong antioxidant power. In this Perspective article, an update on the specific results of the melatonin and several new nitrones are presented

‘People lie’: overcoming obstacles to incorporate social science research to biodiversity conservation

Mesmo com o reconhecimento da importância da interdisciplinaridade na conservação da biodiversidade, ainda há resistência em incorporar a pesquisa em ciências sociais (PCS) ao pensamento e à prática conservacionista. As razões para tal resistência podem ser resumidas em três afirmações gerais ainda comumente atribuídas à PCS: 'tem pouca utilidade' e 'menos rigor metodológico' quando comparada à pesquisa em ciências naturais e, sobretudo, é pouco confiável porque 'as pessoas mentem'. Neste ensaio, desenvolvido a partir da experiência dos participantes de uma comunidade de prática, formada por profissionais de diversas áreas e setores relacionados à conservação, e das discussões geradas nesse espaço de aprendizado coletivo, abordamos as limitações e os equívocos por trás das afirmações acima. A PCS não é menos útil na conservação e nem tem menos rigor metodológico do que a pesquisa em ciências naturais, e quando as pessoas mentem para o pesquisador o problema não está na pesquisa em si, mas na relação entre sujeito e pesquisador. Argumentamos que à medida que os conservacionistas se familiarizam com a PCS e que os princípios de equidade e justiça são incorporados aos valores e objetivos da conservação, a importância e necessidade da PCS na conservação tornam-se óbvias, e a falta de confiança entre pesquisador e sujeitos deixa de ser uma preocupação significativa. Capacitar, integrar e apoiar são nossas recomendações básicas para pesquisadores, educadores, gestores e tomadores de decisão nas áreas de conservação, ensino, publicação e financiamento, para que a PCS cumpra plenamente seu papel na conservação.Despite the acknowledged importance of interdisciplinarity in biodiversity conservation, there is still resistance to incorporate social science research (SSR) to both conservationist thinking and practice. The reasons for such a resistance can be summarized in three general statements still commonly attributed to SSR, namely: it is of 'little use' and it has 'less methodological rigor' than research in the natural sciences and, above all, it is unreliable because 'people lie'. The current essay was developed based on the experience of participants of a community of practice (formed by professionals from different fields and sectors  associated with conservation), as well as on discussions held in this space of collective learning. It addresses the limitations and misconceptions behind the aforementioned statements. SSR is not less useful in conservation and not less methodologically rigorous than research conducted in the natural sciences. When researchers are lied to, the problem does not lie on the research itself, but on the subject-researcher relationship. We herein argue that as conservationists become more familiar with SSR, and as principles like equity and justice are incorporated to conservation values and goals, both the importance and need of SSR in conservation become obvious, making the lack of trust between researcher and subjects no longer a significant concern. Increasing capacity, integrating and supporting are our basic recommendations for researchers, educators, managers and decision-makers in the conservation, teaching, publishing and funding fields, so that SSR can fully fulfill its role in conservation

Virtualizing university teaching through Open Educational Resources by means of ArcGIS Online (REARGOL)

La pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) ha demostrado la necesidad de acelerar la digitalización de la docencia universitaria. Las herramientas digitales para la transferencia ciencia-educación, que ya eran esenciales para asegurar la calidad de la docencia presencial, se han transformado en imprescindibles cuando las circunstancias han impuesto la docencia virtual. El proyecto REARGOL ha desarrollado y ensayado en ArcGIS online instrumentos para la virtualización de contenidos en asignaturas de grado y máster, sobre geomorfología, gestión de desastres, patrimonio natural y patrimonio cultural. Ha sido un ensayo piloto, replicable en todas las titulaciones y temáticas susceptibles de generar información geoespacial (prácticamente todos los títulos y áreas de conocimiento). El único límite es la imaginación. El proyecto ha priorizado la participación de estudiantes de grado, máster y doctorado, que han desarrollado 4 tipos de aplicaciones: Mapas Web y Web AppBuilder (visores cartográficos interactivos), encuestas Survey 123 (formularios recogida de datos), Cuadros de Mandos (plataformas online que permiten combinar varias aplicaciones) y Story Maps (presentaciones para mostrar conjuntamente información y aplicaciones ArcGIS online). Las aplicaciones que se ensayaron con éxito durante el curso 2020-2021, en asignaturas de grado y máster, así como en TFMs y TFGs, continúan utilizándose en el curso 2021-2022.The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic has shown the urgent need to improve university teaching. Digital resources for Science-Education transfer, which already were crucial for ensuring the quality of face-to-face teaching, turned to be indispensable when the health crisis forced virtual teaching. The REARGOL project has developed and tested ArcGIS Online tools for the virtualization of Bachelor’s and Master’s courses focused on geomorphology, natural disaster management, and natural and cultural heritage. This has been a preliminary test that could be applied to all undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, that can produce geospatial information in all knowledge areas. Imagination is the only constraint. The project has prioritized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate students (Master and PhD). The project has priorized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate (Master’s and PhD) students. They have developed four types of applications: Web Maps and Web AppBuilder (interactive cartographical viewers), Survey 123 (data collection forms), Dashboards (online platforms allowing to combine several applications) and Story Maps (presentations for displaying information and ArcGIS online applications). The tools successfully tested during the 2020-2021 academic year are still being used in the current one, in Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, as well as in Bachelor’s and Master’s final dissertations.Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte