Unas primeras reflexiones sugeridas por el Anteproyecto de Ley del Código Mercantil y el principio de unidad de mercado

En este trabajo se pretende exponer y discutir, de manera sucinta, algunos de los argumentos que pueden esgrimirse desde una perspectiva crítica en relación con el Anteproyecto de Ley del Código Mercantil de 2014. A tal efecto se presta especial atención a la controversia mantenida en la doctrina francesa en torno al Noveau Code de Commerce francés de 2000

Video-based assistance system for training in minimally invasive surgery

In this paper, the development of an assisting system for laparoscopic surgical training is presented. With this system, we expect to facilitate the training process at the first stages of training in laparoscopic surgery and to contribute to an objective evaluation of surgical skills. To achieve this, we propose the insertion of multimedia contents and outlines of work adapted to the level of experience of trainees and the detection of the movements of the laparoscopic instrument into the monitored image. A module to track the instrument is implemented focusing on the tip of the laparoscopic tool. This tracking method does not need the presence of artificial marks or special colours to distinguish the instruments. Similarly, the system has another method based on visual tracking to localize support multimedia content in a stable position of the field of vision. Therefore, this position of the support content is adapted to the movements of the camera or the working area. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed system for assisting in laparoscopic surgical training

Frontiers and political agregations in Celtiberia: data for a debate

Proyecto de investigación “Entre la paz y la guerra: alianzas, confederaciones y diplomacia en el Occidente mediterráneo (siglos III-I a.C.)” (Ref. HAR2011-27782), Plan Nacional I+D+I, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Gobierno de España. Grupo de Investigación Occidens UIB-UAM (www.occidens.es).En el contexto de la II Guerra Púnica (218-206 a.C. para la península Ibérica) y el proceso de expansión romana en Celtiberia (ca. 195-133 a.C.), nuestro objetivo se centra en poner en valor la dimensión espacial, territorial, de las dinámicas históricas, delimitando su papel en la generación de identidades en el mundo celtibérico. Planteamos, en primer lugar, un análisis diacrónico y una contextualización geopolítica de las referencias a coaliciones militares en el interior peninsular, destacando las alianzas defensivas formadas en la década de los años 90 del siglo II a.C. para tratar de contener el avance romano en la línea del Tajo, así como otros ejemplos de coaliciones conocidas para las guerras celtibéricas de mediados de siglo. Estudiamos también, seguidamente, la estructura interna de las póleis celtibéricas, subrayando su composición mixta (oppidum-ager), y reconstruyendo algunos datos sobre la gestión local de los recintos defensivos y de los límites de los territorios. Finalmente, analizamos los tres niveles político-militares identificables en el mundo celtibérico y su correlato territorial. Partiendo del concepto básico de civitas (en terminología latina), se discute la naturaleza suprapolítica y/o étnica de los populi, para analizar finalmente los mecanismos de generación de grandes alianzas y coaliciones, cuya perpetuación en el tiempo habría propiciado también la aparición de elementos identitarios regionales.In the context of the Second Punic War (218-206 BC for the Iberian Peninsula) and the process of Roman expansion in Celtiberia (ca. 195-133 BC), we underline the importance of the territorial, spatial dimension of the historical dynamics, defining its role in the generation of identities in the Celtiberian world. We propose, firstly, a diachronic analysis and a geopolitical contextualization of references to military coalitions in the inner Iberian Peninsula, paying special attention to the defensive alliances formed in the early 90s of the 2nd century BC trying to contain the Roman advance on the line of the river Tagus. We consider also other examples of coalitions during the central decades of the 2nd century. Later on, we deal with the internal structure of the Celtiberian póleis, stressing its mixed composition (oppidum-ager), and reconstructing some data on the local management of the defensive structures and the limits of the territories. Finally, we analyze the three political-military layers that can be identified in the Celtiberian world and its territorial correlate. Starting from the basic concept of civitas (in Latin terminology), the suprapolitical and / or ethnic nature of the populi is discussed, to analyze, finally, the mechanisms of generation of large alliances and coalitions, whose perpetuation in time have also led to the emergence of elements of regional identity

Desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos potenciométricos para el análisis de especies de cromo

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Fecha de lectura: 01-12-201

Revisiting the minimum-norm problem

The design of optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) coils is modeled as a minimum-norm problem (MNP), that is, as an optimization problem of the form min(x is an element of R) parallel to x parallel to, where R is a closed and convex subset of a normed space X. This manuscript is aimed at revisiting MNPs from the perspective of Functional Analysis, Operator Theory, and Banach Space Geometry in order to provide an analytic solution to the following MRI problem: min(psi is an element of R) parallel to psi parallel to(2), where R:= {psi is an element of R-n : parallel to A psi-b parallel to infinity/parallel to b parallel to(infinity) 0, and b is an element of R-m \ {0}.This work has been supported by the Research Grant PGC-101514-B-I00 awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and partially funded by ERDF, by the Andalusian Research, Development and Innovation Programme (PAIDI 2020) under the Research Grant PY20_01295, and by the Research Grant FEDER-UCA18-105867 awarded by the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme of the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia. The APCs have been paid by the Mathematics Department of the University of Cadiz

Non-Linear Inner Structure of Topological Vector Spaces

Inner structure appeared in the literature of topological vector spaces as a tool to characterize the extremal structure of convex sets. For instance, in recent years, inner structure has been used to provide a solution to The Faceless Problem and to characterize the finest locally convex vector topology on a real vector space. This manuscript goes one step further by settling the bases for studying the inner structure of non-convex sets. In first place, we observe that the well behaviour of the extremal structure of convex sets with respect to the inner structure does not transport to non-convex sets in the following sense: it has been already proved that if a face of a convex set intersects the inner points, then the face is the whole convex set; however, in the non-convex setting, we find an example of a non-convex set with a proper extremal subset that intersects the inner points. On the opposite, we prove that if a extremal subset of a non-necessarily convex set intersects the affine internal points, then the extremal subset coincides with the whole set. On the other hand, it was proved in the inner structure literature that isomorphisms of vector spaces and translations preserve the sets of inner points and outer points. In this manuscript, we show that in general, affine maps and convex maps do not preserve inner points. Finally, by making use of the inner structure, we find a simple proof of the fact that a convex and absorbing set is a neighborhood of 0 in the finest locally convex vector topology. In fact, we show that in a convex set with internal points, the subset of its inner points coincides with the subset of its internal points, which also coincides with its interior with respect to the finest locally convex vector topology

Characteristics of Heart Rate Tracings in Preterm Fetus

We thank K. Shashok for translating the original manuscript into English.Background and Objectives: Prematurity is currently a serious public health issue worldwide, because of its high associated morbidity and mortality. Optimizing the management of these pregnancies is of high priority to improve perinatal outcomes. One tool frequently used to determine the degree of fetal wellbeing is cardiotocography (CTG). A review of the available literature on fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in preterm fetuses shows that studies are scarce, and the evidence thus far is unclear. The lack of reference standards for CTG patterns in preterm fetuses can lead to misinterpretation of the changes observed in electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). The aims of this narrative review were to summarize the most relevant concepts in the field of CTG interpretation in preterm fetuses, and to provide a practical approach that can be useful in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search was carried out, and the published articles thus identified were reviewed. Results: Compared to term fetuses, preterm fetuses have a slightly higher baseline FHR. Heart rate is faster in more immature fetuses, and variability is lower and increases in more mature fetuses. Transitory, low-amplitude decelerations are more frequent during the second trimester. Transitory increases in FHR are less frequent and become more frequent and increase in amplitude as gestational age increases. Conclusions: The main characteristics of FHR tracings changes as gestation proceeds, and it is of fundamental importance to be aware of these changes in order to correctly interpret CTG patterns in preterm fetuses

Convergence Analysis of the Straightforward Expansion Perturbation Method for Weakly Nonlinear Vibrations

There are typically several perturbation methods for approaching the solution of weakly nonlinear vibrations (where the nonlinear terms are "small" compared to the linear ones): the Method of Strained Parameters, the Naive Singular Perturbation Method, the Method of Multiple Scales, the Method of Harmonic Balance and the Method of Averaging. The Straightforward Expansion Perturbation Method (SEPM) applied to weakly nonlinear vibrations does not usually yield to correct solutions. In this manuscript, we provide mathematical proof of the inaccuracy of the SEPM in general cases. Nevertheless, we also provide a sufficient condition for the SEPM to be successfully applied to weakly nonlinear vibrations. This mathematical formalism is written in the syntax of the first-order formal language of Set Theory under the methodology framework provided by the Category Theory

Hawking radiation from an analogue bouncing geometry

We propose a setting that simulates Hawking radiation from an analogue bouncing geometry, i.e., a collapsing geometry that reverts its collapse after a finite time, in a setup consisting of a coplanar waveguide terminated in superconducting quantum-interference devices at both ends. We demonstrate experimental feasibility of the proposed setup within the current technology. Our analysis illustrates the resilience of Hawking radiation under changes in the physics at energy scales much larger than the temperature, supporting the idea that regular alternatives to black holes would also emit Hawking radiation.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Clinical outcomes in a Colombian cohort of patients with vaginal discharge syndrome treated with antifungals and antibiotics

OBJETIVO: Reportar el desempeño clínico de dos medicamentos indicados para tratamiento del síndrome de flujo vaginal (fluconazol, secnidazol y terconazol, clindamicina) y comparar el efecto clínico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, comparativo y analítico de cohortes al que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de flujo vaginal susceptibles de ser tratadas con fluconazol-secnidazol o terconazol-clindamicina en 12 ciudades de Colombia, con seguimiento de 8 días (± 3 días). Este proyecto fue aprobado por un comité de ética en investigación con seres humanos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 176 pacientes, pero solo 153 (87%) completaron el seguimiento. Los límites de edad fueron 18 y 67 años; 134 (76%) iniciaron con fluconazol-secnidazol y 42 (24%) con terconazol-clindamicina. Por lo que se refiere a la comparación en disminución de los síntomas, fluconazol-secnidazol y terconazolclindamicina: flujo (p = 0.0000), prurito (p = 0.002), irritación (p = 0.0000), mal olor (p = 0.001) y dispareunia (p = 0.4). CONCLUSIÓN: La prescripción de la combinación fluconazol-secnidazol fue más frecuente. El apego al tratamiento fue de 86%. La proporción de disminución de los síntomas tuvo límites de 15 y 40%; para el flujo vaginal fue superior a 70% (fluconazolsecnidazol: 115 de 121 y terconazol-clindamicina: 29 de 41).OBJECTIVE: To know the real life clinical performance of the prescription of two drugs for the treatment of vaginal discharge syndrome (Fluconazole-Secnidazole and Terconazole-Clindamycin) and to compare the clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytical cohort study was conducted. We included women older than 18 years with a diagnosis of vaginal discharge syndrome who were candidates to be treated with Fluconazole-Secnidazole or Terconazole-Clindamycin with 8 days (±3) of follow-up, in 12 cities of Colombia. This project was approved by a research with human being’s ethics committee. RESULTS: 176 patients were included, 153 (86.9%) completed the follow-up, their age ranged between 18 and 67 years. 134 (76.1%) started treatment with FluconazoleSecnidazole and 42 (23.8%) Terconazole-Clindamycin. Symptoms improvement was compared (Enrollment vs. Control), finding for Fluconazole-Secnidazole and Terconazole-Clindamycin: discharge (p=0.0000), pruritus (p=0.002), irritation (p=0.0000), bad smell (p=0.001) and dyspareunia (p=0.4). CONCLUSIONS: The prescription of the combination Fluconazole-Secnidazole was more frequent. The adherence to treatment was 86%. The proportion of improvement in symptoms ranged between 15% and 40%, however, for the case of vaginal discharge it was greater than 70% (Fluconazole-Secnidazole: 115/121 and TerconazoleClindamycin: 29/41)