Multiple Myeloma in a Feline

Background: Multiple myelomas (MM) are malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow plasmacytes, and are characterized by the presence of persistent hyperglobulinemia. Although they are rarely found in domestic animals, the canine species is most affected. In felines, they represent less than 1% of hematopoietic neoplasms, and mainly occur in older animals aged 10-12 years. The aim of the present study was to report a case of multiple myeloma, with extramedullary plasmocytosis in a feline.Case: A 3-year-old feline, female, mixed breed, with a history of apathy, anorexia, halitosis, and vomiting was referred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Oral examination revealed a cyanotic oral mucosa and ulcerative lesions on the gingiva. The necropsy showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Organ fragments were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, and stained using the routine hematoxylin and eosin technique. Selected sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the streptavidin-biotin method. The CD79a, CD138, CD3, and MUM1 antibodies were used. Histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed hypercellularity with predominant round pleomorphic cells (90%), which presented an eccentric basophilic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The same neoplastic cells infiltrated the gingival mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The IHC showed positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138 antibodies.Discussion: The diagnosis of MM in the present study was based on histopathology and by IHC. According to the literature, the presence of neoplastic plasmocytes in the bone marrow (>20%), osteolytic lesions, monoclonal gammopathy, and Bence-Jones proteinuria should be investigated in suspected MM cases. The presence of two or more of these characteristics is necessary for confirmed diagnosis. However, studies show that only 50% of felines with MM have two or more of these characteristics, with cell morphology and neoplastic infiltration in other organs being important parameters for the definitive diagnosis of MM in them. For MM diagnosis by IHC, CD79a, CD138, and MUM1 can be used. In this report, there was positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138, which allowed the exclusion of other neoplasms of hematopoietic origins. The origin of MM is unknown, but chronic immune stimulation is believed to be involved in humans. In felines, although infection by the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia (FeLV) is commonly associated with the occurrence of lymphomas, the same is not described for MM. This was corroborated in the present study, since the animal in this report tested negative for FIV and FeLV. In cats, MM has no apparent predilection for race or sex, and mainly affects older animals (average age, 10 years). Although MM is rare, it has been described not only in this case, but also in young cats. The infiltration of neoplastic plasmacytes in the extramedullary tissues (extramedullary plasmacytosis) is observed more frequently in felines than in canines, and mainly occurs in the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. In this case, there was disseminated extramedullary plasmacytosis involving multiple organs, such as the brain, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Persistent hyperglobulinemia is the main clinical manifestation of MM observed in 87.7% of cats with this neoplasm. However, this variation can also be observed in other pathologies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B cell lymphoma, primary macroglobulinemia, and chronic infections (e.g., ehrlichiosis, leishmaniasis, and heartworm disease). Hence, MM should always be considered as differential diagnosis when diagnosing the aforementioned diseases

Mediastinal Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma in a Canine with Pulmonary and Cerebral Metastasis

Background: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS), a rare variant of osteosarcoma (OS), is a malignant neoplasm that develops in soft tissues without primary bone involvement. This study aims to describe a case of EOS with a mediastinal location in a canine.Case: A 10-year-old male, Uruguayan, Cimarron dog was presented to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/FV/UFPel) for necropsy. The dog had a history of submandibular swelling, progressive hind limb paralysis, muscle atrophy, and breathing difficulties. During necropsy, in the thoracic cavity, approximately 900 mL of serosanguinous exudate and a reddish-brown, bossed mediastinal mass measuring 15.0 cm in the longest axis were also noted. The lung exhibited multifocal to coalescent, white, firm nodules extending from the pleura to the parenchyma and measuring up to 4.5 cm in diameter. In the parietal and occipital region of the brain, a matte wine mass measuring 2.3 cm in the longest axis was observed. Fragments of the neoplastic mass, organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities, and the brain were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were routinely processed, incorporated in paraffin, cut into 3 µm-thick sections, and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). Selected sections of the neoplasm, the lung, and the brain were subjected to Von Kossa staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. For IHC, primary anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies (clone AE1 / AE3, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100 dilution, vimentin (clone V9, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100 dilution, S100 Protein (clone 15E2E2, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100 dilution, and Ki67 (SP6 clone, BioCare Medical) at a 1:50 dilution were used. Immunostaining was visualized using 3-3' diaminabenzidine (DAB). Histological evaluation of the mediastinal mass, the pulmonary nodules, and the central nervous system among polygonal mesenchymal cells was conducted. Marked pleomorphism with euchromatic, rounded to oval nuclei, evident nucleoli, and poorly delimited eosinophilic cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells were arranged in nests and bundles with an invasive growth pattern. Osteoid and bone matrix formation as well as multinucleated giant cells of the osteoclast type were observed. The bone matrix was better evidenced in Von Kossa staining. IHC in all analyzed sections of the neoplastic cells showed positive immunostaining for Vimentin and Ki67. In the sections incubated with anti-cytokeratin and S100 protein antibodies showed no presence of neoplastic cells.Discussion: The diagnosis of EOS was based on the absence of primary bone lesions during microscopic necroscopy and on the exclusion of other histogenetic origins using IHC. The absence of primary bone lesions was the main attribute that differentiates EOS from other variants osteosarcomas, such as central/medullary and surface OS (periosteal and paraosteal) most frequently in canine species. The origin of EOS is uncertain. However, its occurrence has been originated with in pluripotent cells or previous injuries, such as retention of surgical sponges and vaccination sites. In this case, since the animal had no clinical history of injuries or surgical procedures that could induce the formation of a mediastinal neoplasm, the probable origin of the neoplasm was pluripotent cells. In dogs, EOS occurs mainly in the mammary glands, digestive system, liver, spleen, and subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, the mediastinal location observed in this study was described only in goats. The clinical signs are nonspecific and varies with the location of the tumor, as observed in the present report. EOS may also present mediastinal location in the canine species. Necropsy, histopathological examination, and IHC were essential to establish the diagnosis of this OS variant

Texto Coletivo: Possibilidades e Limites no Processo de Ensino- Aprendizagem a Distância

O presente artigo advém de um trabalho coletivo que visa abordar a aprendizagem colaborativa/cooperativa e suas possibilidades e limites na utilização das tecnologias. Omesmo foi desenvolvido coletivamente na disciplina Seminário Avançado: Oficinas Virtuais de Aprendizagem. Utilizamos a ferramenta ETC para escrita deste. Serão discutidas as possibilidades de construção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem a distância no desenvolvimento de um trabalho coletivo, envolvendo cooperação, colaboração, interação e interatividade. Entre as questões que se levantam pretende-seentender essa linguagem no âmbito das práticas mediadas por tecnologias; como motivar o diálogo entre os participantes para despertar nesses sujeitos o papel de criadores e como a escolarização mediada por tecnologias pode fazer a diferença na vida profissional dos sujeitos e na sua formação

Histomoníase em galinhas (Gallus gallus domesticus) de criações coloniais no sul do Brasil

Relata-se a ocorrência de histomoníase em galinhas domésticas (Gallus gallus domesticus) de criações coloniais no sul do Brasil. Os casos ocorreram em duas propriedades, localizadas nos municípios de Santa Vitória do Palmar (propriedade 1) e Pelotas (propriedade 2). As aves afetadas, em ambas as propriedades, eram jovens e apresentaram emagrecimento, apatia e anorexia com taxa de mortalidade de aproximadamente 35% nos plantéis. Na propriedade 1, de um total de 35 aves, 12 apresentaram sinais clínicos evoluindo para morte, já na propriedade 2, de um total de 19 aves, 7 tiveram sinais clínicos e morreram. Na necropsia das aves, foram observados na superfície capsular e parênquima hepático nódulos branco-amarelados, multifocais a coalescentes, por vezes, com área central deprimida e circundados por halo pálido medindo até 2,0 mm. O ceco estava dilatado, com lesões elevadas, amareladas e multifocais, estendendo-se da mucosa à serosa, exibindo ainda com parede espessada contendo material caseoso na luz do órgão. Microscopicamente observou-se hepatite e tiflite piogranulomatosa necrosante com numerosos trofozoítos de Histomonas meleagridis intralesionais. O diagnóstico de histomoníase foi confirmado através dos achados macroscópicos e histopatológicos. Destaca-se a ocorrência de histomoníase como causa de mortalidade em aves de criação colonial na região sul do Brasil

RAIVA PARALÍTICA EM SUÍNO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Rabies is a potentially zoonotic infectious disease with worldwide distribution that affects domestic, wild and human mammals. In South America, paralytic rabies occurs in the form of cyclic outbreaks and is transmitted by hematophagous bats, mainly Desmodus rotundus. It is a disease responsible for economic losses in livestock, besides of presenting importance to public health. This paper aims to report a case of swine rabies diagnosed at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnostico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. The case occurred in a property located in the county of Capão do Leão in a female pig, two-year-old, undefined breed, raised in a semi-extensive regime. According to the owner, the animal presented apathy, anorexia, progressive paralysis and lateral decubitus. Due to the evolution of the clinical condition, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy no significant lesions were observed. Histopathological examination of the brain showed non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuff of lymphocytes and rare eosinophils, as well as satelitosis and gliosis. Brain and spinal cord fragments were submitted to Direct Immunofluorescence and biological tests, confirming the diagnosis of rabies.A raiva é uma doença infecciosa, potencialmente zoonótica, de distribuição mundial que afeta mamíferos domésticos, silvestres e humanos. Na América do Sul a raiva paralítica ocorre na forma de surtos cíclicos e é transmitida por morcegos hematófagos, principalmente o Desmodus rotundus. É uma doença responsável por prejuízos econômicos na pecuária, além de apresentar importância para a saúde pública. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de raiva suína diagnosticado no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, da Faculdade de Veterinária, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O caso ocorreu em uma propriedade localizada no município do Capão do Leão em um suíno, fêmea, sem raça definida, de dois anos de idade, criada em regime semiextensivo. Segundo o proprietário o animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, paralisia progressiva e decúbito lateral. Devido a evolução do quadro clínico foi realizada a eutanásia. Na necropsia não foram observadas lesões significativas. No exame histopatológico do encéfalo observou-se meningoencefalite não supurativa, manguito perivascular de linfócitos e raros eosinófilos, além de satelitose e gliose. Fragmentos do encéfalo e medula foram submetidos ao exame de Imunofluorescência Direta e prova biológica, confirmando o diagnóstico de raiva

Feline rabies caused by a viral variant of insectivorous bat

ABSTRACT: Rabies is an invariably fatal infectious-contagious viral disease caused by viruses in the genus Lyssavirus, which affects the central nervous system of domestic and wild mammals. This study draws attention to the importance of insectivorous bats and domestic cats in the epidemiology of rabies. For this, two cases of rabies registered in domestic cats in the southeast region of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. Diagnoses were based on histological alterations and positive staining for the virus in direct immunofluorescence with confirmation by biological test, immunohistochemical evaluation and identification of the rabies virus variant by polymerase chain reaction. In Brazil, a change in the epidemiological profile of rabies has been observed, in which bats play a major role in the current chain of transmission of the disease. It is noteworthy, that the antigenic viral variant AgV-4, typical of the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis, was identified in the domestic cats affected in this study

AVALIAÇÃO DO NÍVEL DE ESTRESSE E DO GRAU DE SONOLÊNCIA DOS ENFERMEIROS DE UM HOSPITAL DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP

O estresse é um “esforço de adaptação do organismo para enfrentar situações que considera ameaçadoras à sua vida e ao seu equilíbrio”. O ambiente hospitalar é propício para o desenvolvimento do estresse nos profissionais. Por meio de um questionário, foram avaliados o estresse, os sentimentos dos enfermeiros em relação à determinadas condições de trabalho e o grau de sonolência pela Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. A população constou de 23 auxiliares de enfermagem, 5 enfermeiros e 2 enfermeiras chefe. A média do tempo em cada setor correspondeu a cerca de 4 anos e 9 meses e quanto ao turno, 66,6% deles variavam de turno. O maior nível de estresse foi encontrados nos enfermeiros com 29%; 31% dos enfermeiros-chefe relataram pouco estresse e 25% dos auxiliares relataram ausência de estresse. Em relação ao sono, 63,3% apresentaram grau de sonolência normal; 33,3% sonolência diurna excessiva e 3,3% não responderam ao questionário

High-dimensional analysis of 16 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine combinations reveals lymphocyte signatures correlating with immunogenicity

The range of vaccines developed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) provides a unique opportunity to study immunization across different platforms. In a single-center cohort, we analyzed the humoral and cellular immune compartments following five coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines spanning three technologies (adenoviral, mRNA and inactivated virus) administered in 16 combinations. For adenoviral and inactivated-virus vaccines, heterologous combinations were generally more immunogenic compared to homologous regimens. The mRNA vaccine as the second dose resulted in the strongest antibody response and induced the highest frequency of spike-binding memory B cells irrespective of the priming vaccine. Priming with the inactivated-virus vaccine increased the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, whereas boosting did not. Distinct immune signatures were elicited by the different vaccine combinations, demonstrating that the immune response is shaped by the type of vaccines applied and the order in which they are delivered. These data provide a framework for improving future vaccine strategies against pathogens and cancer

Active commuting to and from university, obesity and metabolic syndrome among Colombian university students

Background: There is limited evidence concerning how active commuting (AC) is associated with health benefits in young. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between AC to and from campus (walking) and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Colombian university students. Methods: A total of 784 university students (78.6% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 2.6 years old) participated in the study. The exposure variable was categorized into AC (active walker to campus) and non-AC (non/infrequent active walker to campus: car, motorcycle, or bus) to and from the university on a typical day. MetS was defined in accordance with the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 8.7%, and it was higher in non-AC than AC to campus. The percentage of AC was 65.3%. The commuting distances in this AC from/to university were 83.1%, 13.4% and 3.5% for < 2 km, 2- 5 km and > 5 km, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for predicting unhealthy profile showed that male walking commuters had a lower probability of having obesity [OR = 0.45 (CI 95% 0.25–0.93)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.26 (CI 95% 0.13–0.55)] and low HDL cholesterol [OR = 0.29 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)] than did passive commuters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in young adulthood, a key life-stage for the development of obesity and MetS, AC could be associated with and increasing of daily physical activity levels, thereby promoting better cardiometabolic health.This study was part of the project entitled “Body Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults”, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DNBG001) and Universidad de Boyacá (Code N° RECT 60)

Contentores, corpos e topologias: Uma análise integral da coleção arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina)

A partir del análisis de la colección arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina) se indagan diversos contenedores (animales, cerámicos, vegetales) en tanto cuerpos, junto a las operaciones topológicas que dan sentido a los mismos en contextos funerarios. Metodología: análisis de la colección arqueológica y documentación asociada junto a antecedentes bibliográficos. Conclusiones: se proponen otros vínculos y efectividades epistémicas para los contenedores lógicos de Pampa Grande a partir de movimientos (romper, voltear, combinar, asentar, envolver) que habilitan nuevos aspectos topo-lógicos tras o hacia la muerte, alterando sus capacidades afectivas y potencialidades.Originalidad: este artículo pretende aportar una nueva mirada sobre diversos elementos que conforman una colección arqueológica y que suelen ordenarse según la especialidad del investigador, antes que seguir las conexiones que el material mismo sugiere. Así, este trabajo aporta una red relacional alternativa que vincula diversos cuerpos contenedores desde un abordaje topológico que permite ir más allá de nuestra usual mirada académica sobre los mismos.From the analysis of the archaeological collection at Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina) different containers (animals, ceramics, vegetables) are explored as bodies, together with the topological operations that confer meaning to them in funerary contexts. Methodology: Analysis of the archaeological collection and associated documentation together with bibliographical background. Conclusions: Other links and epistemic effectivities are proposed for the logical containers of Pampa Grande based on movements (breaking, turning, combining, settling, wrapping) that enable new topological aspects after or towards death, altering their affective capacities and potentialities. Originality: This article aims to provide a new look at the various elements that make up an archaeological collection and that are usually ordered according to the specialty of the researcher, rather than following the connections that the material itself suggests. Thus, this work provides an alternative relational network that links different container bodies from a topological approach that allows us to go beyond our usual academic view of them.A partir da análise da coleção arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina), são questionados diversos contentores (animais, cerâmicos, vegetais) de corpos, junto às operações topológicas que lhes dão sentido em contextos funerários. Metodologia: análise da coleção arqueológica e documentação associada junto a antecedentes bibliográficos. Conclusões: propõem-se outros vínculos e efetividades epistêmicas para os contentores lógicos de Pampa Grande a partir de movimentos (quebrar, virar, combinar, assentar, envolver) que permitem novos aspectos topológicos após a morte ou em direção a ela, alterando suas capacidades afetivas e potencialidades. Originalidade: este artigo pretende contribuir com uma nova visão sobre diversos elementos que conformam uma coleção arqueológica e que costumam ser organizados segundo a especialidade do pesquisador, antes que seguir as conexões que o material em si sugere. Assim, este trabalho contribui com uma rede relacional alternativa que vincula diversos corpos contentores a partir de uma abordagem topológica que possibilita ir mais além da nosso usual olhar acadêmico sobre eles.Fil: Lema, Veronica Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin