Amortised resource analysis with separation logic

Type-based amortised resource analysis following Hofmann and Jost—where resources are associated with individual elements of data structures and doled out to the programmer under a linear typing discipline—have been successful in providing concrete resource bounds for functional programs, with good support for inference. In this work we translate the idea of amortised resource analysis to imperative languages by embedding a logic of resources, based on Bunched Implications, within Separation Logic. The Separation Logic component allows us to assert the presence and shape of mutable data structures on the heap, while the resource component allows us to state the resources associated with each member of the structure. We present the logic on a small imperative language with procedures and mutable heap, based on Java bytecode. We have formalised the logic within the Coq proof assistant and extracted a certified verification condition generator. We demonstrate the logic on some examples, including proving termination of in-place list reversal on lists with cyclic tails

Leaf Polyphenols as Indicators of Climatic Adaptation of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – an HPLC-MS/MS via MRM Approach

Temperate zone forests are heavily affected by climate change. Certain species like beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), common across Europe with high economic and ecological value are especially vulnerable and threatened by a retreat or possible extinction. A future task for forestry is to fi nd varieties which can adapt to changing climate due to their effi cient chemical defence mechanisms. Antioxidant leaf polyphenols represent one of these defence mechanisms. This work studied the relative quantitative evaluation of 44 compounds by HPLC-MS/MS via MRM peak areas as well as the determination of the antioxidant capacities from leaves of different beech varieties. Correlation analysis between parameters revealed that some of the most effi cient antioxidant polyphenols ((+)-Catechin, Procyanidin C trimer 3, Procyanidin B dimer 4) were found in the highest levels in the leaves of the most vulnerable varieties, with the poorest growing results and also with the highest antioxidant capacities. Results showed the novel potentials of HPLC-MS/MS in the research of biomarkers of climatic adapation in forest trees

Wakefields, Landau damping and beam instabilities

The concepts of wake potential and impedance are introduced in the example of a single mode cavity. Longitudinal beam dynamics is then briefly discussed and the Vlasov equation derived. With this as a base, the effects of a broad band reactive impedance on the bunch (potential bunch lengthening) and of a narrow band resistive impedance on the bunch stability (Robinson instability) are calculated. The concept of Landau damping is introduced by calculating the response of coasting beam with frequency spread to a transverse excitation (transfer function). The obtained result is used to obtain a transverse beam stability criterion. Finally, the response of a bunched beam is investigated

Chemische Triebkräfte : Von der Verbrennung zum Herzschlag

Was hat eine einfache chemische Verbrennung mit dem Herzschlag zu tun? Diese Frage soll im Rahmen einer physikalisch-chemischen Experimentalvorlesung beantwortet werden. Dabei fügen sich anscheinend weit voneinander entfernte Phänomene in ein klar strukturiertes Bild. Es wird deutlich, dass der menschliche Körper aus thermodynamischer Sicht eine biologische \u27Wärmekraftmaschine\u27 ist, deren Wirkungsgrad höher als der Wirkungsgrad mechanische Wärmekraftmaschinen (\u27Dampfmaschinen\u27). Spröde anmutende thermodynamische Sätze füllen sich mit Leben - die Begriffe \u27Energie, Wärme, Entropie\u27 werden anschaulich. Anhand einfacher Demonstrationsexperimente wird ein Bogen über 250 Jahre Forschung im Bereich der chemischen Energiewandlung gespannt

Approximation durch Fourierreihen

Mit der Approximation von Funktionen durch Fourierreihen beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit. Ziel der Überlegungen ist die Zusammenfassung der grundlegenden Erkenntnisse über Fourierreihen. Dabei wird neben der Betrachtung ihrer Notwendigkeit und theoretischen Basis auch die Analyse diverser Beispiele mit Bezug zur Physik und Elektrotechnik im Vordergrund stehen. Ferner wird auf die verschiedenen Sichtweisen von Analysis und Numerik in diesem Zusammenhang eingegangen. So soll die Lektüre zum sicheren Umgang mit Fourierreihen befähigen und kann gewissermaßen als Literatur zum begleitenden Selbststudium angesehen werden. Zum Verständnis sind lediglich gute Kenntnisse aus der Integralrechnung notwendig