Ion-water cluster molecular dynamics using a semiempirical intermolecular potential

Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to describe structural and dynamical properties of the water clusters forming around the Na + and K + . The dynamics of K + and Na + was investigated for small water clusters [K(H 2 O) n ] + and [Na(H 2 O) n ] + (n = 3 - 8), isolated in gas phase following the structure transformation through isomerizations between the accessible energy minima. The extent to which a classical molecular simulation accurately predicts properties depends on the quality of the force field used to model the interactions in the fluid. This has been explored by exploiting the flexibility of the Improved Lennard-Jones (ILJ) function in describing the long-range interaction of ionic water system

Dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of i‑C3H7Br and i‑C3H7OH by sodium ions studied by guided ion beam techniques and quantum chemical methods

Dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of gas-phase i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH molecules induced by collision with Na+, all participants being in their electronic ground state, were studied experimentally in our laboratory using a radiofrequency-guided ion beam apparatus and covering the 0.10-10.00 eV center of mass (CM) energy range. In Na+ + i-C3H7Br collisions the formation of [C3H6-Na]+ and [HBr-Na]+ by dehydrohalogenation was observed and quantified, as well as that of the ion-molecule adduct [Na-i-C3H7Br]+ together with its decomposition products C3H7+ and NaBr. In Na+ + i-C3H7OH collisions the dehydration product [H2O-Na]+ was also found, while [C3H6-Na]+ was hardly detected. Moreover, the [Na-i-C3H7OH]+ adduct formation as well as its decomposition into C3H7+ and NaOH were also quantified. For all these processes, absolute reaction cross sections were measured as a function of the CM collision energy. From measured excitation functions, rate constants for the formation of [C3H6-Na]+, [HBr-Na]+, and [H2O-Na]+ at 303 K were obtained. Complementing the experiments, exhaustive ab initio structure calculations at the MP2 level of theory were performed, giving information on the most relevant features of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) where the dehydrohalogenation, dehydration, and decomposition reactions take place adiabatically for both collision systems. On these PESs different stationary points associated with potential energy minima and transition state barriers were characterized, and their connectivity was ensured using the intrinsic-reaction-coordinate method. The main topology features of the ab initio calculated PESs allowed a qualitative interpretation of the experimental data also exposing the role of the sodium ion as a catalyst in elimination reaction

Experimental and ab initio studies of the reactive processes in gas phase i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH collisions with potassium ions

Collisions between potassium ions and neutral i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH, all in their electronic ground state, have been studied in the 0.10 10.00 eV center of mass (CM) collision energy range, using the radiofrequency-guided ion beam technique. In K+ + i-C3H7Br collisions KHBr+ formation was observed and quantified, while the analogous KH2O+ formation in K+ + i-C3H7OH was hardly detected. Moreover, formation of the ion-molecule adducts and their decomposition leading to C3H7 + and either KBr or KOH, respectively, have been observed. For all these processes, absolute crosssections were measured as a function of the CM collision energy. Ab initio structure calculations at the MP2 level have given information about the potential energy surfaces (PESs) involved. In these, different stationary points have been characterized using the reaction coordinate method, their connectivity being ensured by using the intrinsic-reaction-coordinate method. From the measured excitation function for KHBr+ formation the corresponding thermal rate constant at 303 K has been calculated. The topology of the calculated PESs allows an interpretation of the main features of the reaction dynamics of both systems, and in particular evidence the important role played by the potential energy wells in controlling the reactivity for the different reaction channels

The role of Li+ ions in the gas phase dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH molecules studied by radiofrequency-guided ion beams techniques and ab initio methods

Gas phase reactive collisions between lithium ions and i-C3H7X (X = Br, OH) molecules have been studied under single collision conditions in the center of mass (CM) 0.01-10.00 eV energy range using a radiofrequency-guided ion beam apparatus. Mass spectrometry analysis of the products did show the presence of [C3H6-Li]+, [HX-Li]+, C3H7+, and C2H3+ as well as of the [Li-i-C3H7Br]+ adduct while [Li-i-C3H7OH]+ was hardly detected. For all these reactive processes, the corresponding cross sections have been measured in absolute units as a function of the CM collision energy. Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations done at the second orderM¨oller Plesset level have provided relevant information on the topology of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) where a reaction takes place allowing the characterization of the stationary points on the respective PESs along their reaction pathways. The connectivity of the different stationary points localized on the PESs was ensured by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, confirming the adiabatic character of the reactions. The main topology features of the reactive PESs, in the absence of dynamical calculations, were used to interpret at the qualitative level the behavior of the experimental excitations functions, evidencing the role played by the potential energy barriers on the experimental dynamics of the reactions. Reaction rate constants at 303.2 K for different reactions have been calculated from measured excitation functions

Theoretical characterization of transition state dynamical resonances in heavy-light-heavy reactions

The resonant reactivity of three elementary Heavy-Light-Heavy reactions is presented and discussed. Collinear reactivity, in which a vibrational adiabatic model is constructed, is used for a detailed analysis of resonance phenomena, which appear as a direct consequence of transition state metastable states in the strong interaction region of the potential energy surface. Their influence on the detailed mechanism of the elementary process is also discussed. The shape of the resonant peak, and the phase and the Argand plot of the S-matrix are used for a further characterization.Three-dimensional approximate calculations are used to test the evolution of the energy dependent structure present in detailed quantities when sums and integrations over all partial waves contributing to reaction are taken into account to obtain the usual averaged global quantities such as integral state-to-state cross sections

Reaccions d'oxidació del bor: B(2P) + OH(2PI) i B(2PI) + H2O(X1A1)

[cat] Per tal de dur a terme un càlcul de trajectòries dels sistemes B(2P) + OH(2pi) i B(2p) + H2O(XIA2), objectiu primordial del treball que es presenta, s'ha procedit a estudiar la superfície d'energia potencial (SEP) del sistema H(2)BO. Prèviament a aquest estudi, s'ha efectuat un test sobre la descripció que dóna el mètode semiempíric MNDO de sistemes del tipus HMOH (M=Be. AI, C, Si, B) sobre els que es disposa de resultats de càlculs "ab inicio" acurats. Una vegada comprovat que aquest mètode semiempíric descriu prou bé les característiques dels sistemes del tipus indicat, s'ha dut a terme un estudi exhaustiu del sistema H(2)BO, per a passar a recalcular els punts estacionaris localitzats a la SEP mitjançant un càlcul "ab initio" a nivell HF/6-31** amb la inclusió de l'energia de correlació electrònica seguint la metodologia de Moller i Plesset fins a tercer ordre. A la vegada s'ha comprovat, calculant punts dels camins de mínima energia, que els estats de transició recalculats connectaven adequadamenr amb les zones asimplòtiques de la SEP. El pas següent a aquests càlculs ha estat l'ajust de la SEP tetratòmica mitjançant una funció analítica segons la metodologia iniciada per Sorbie i Murrell, la qual cosa implica el coneixement de les funcions de potencial dels fragments di i triatòmics implicats en el sistema. L'ajust d'aquestes funcions de potencial s'ha realitzat utilitzant les dades obtingudes a nivell MP3/6-31G**//HF/6-31G**. Aquests tipus d'ajust ja han estat aplicats amb anterioritat en l'estudi de sistemes tri i tetratòmics assegurant una bona descripció de les zones asimptòtiques i posant de manifest les principals caracterlstiques dels sistemes. Una vegada obtingudes les SEP's analítiques s'ha procedit a realitzar, aplicant el mètode de les trajectòries quasiclàssiques. càlculs de trajectòries dels sistemes abans esmentats (B(2p) + OH(2pi i B(2p) +H2O(XIA1)). Pel que fa referència al sistema triatòmic, i per al nivell vibro-rotacional més poblat de la diatòmica OH a 300 K(V=0, J=2). s'ha dut a terme un estudi en un ampli interval d'energies de col.lisió des de 0.005 eV fins a 0.3 eV i s'ha observat que la secció eficaç, S(r) decreix en augmentar l'energia de col.lisió, posant de manifest el mateix tipus de comportament observat en altres sistemes reactius sense barrera en el camí de mínima energia. Les seçcions eficaces de reacció. degut a que la reactivitat és força elevada. s'han pogut obtenir amb un error estadístic molt petit(= 0.0388 eV). Quasiclassical four-centre trajectory calculations for the B(2P) + H20 (X1A1) reaction were carried out al several collision energies near the threshold for different vibrational and rotational excitations. Several exothermic reaction channels are possible (HOB+H, HBO+H and BO+H(2)), and the overall reactive cross-section being obtained. Internal energy influence on reactivity was explored as well as its effect on he different open reaction channels. The analysis of distribution energy in the products was made considering the accessible energy distribution among the different energetic forms

The prediction of chemical reactivity from first principles: Collision and reaction dynamics

Aquest treball fa una revisió de mesures experimentals i càlculs teòrics sobre la dinàmica de col·lisions i reaccions moleculars. Els experiments se centren en col·lisions, a energies intermèdies, que involucren sistemes del tipus ió-àtom i iómolècula, per les quals es mesuren seccions eficaces totals, estat a estat, així com aquelles que discerneixen les diferents contribucions del moment angular d'espín. Els resultats obtinguts s'interpreten satisfactòriament en termes d'acoblaments no adiabàtics entre els diferents estats electrònics dels sistemes col·lisionants. Els càlculs teòrics utilitzen la metodologia quasiclàssica, així com metodologies mecanoquàntiques recentment desenvolupades, tant aproximades com exactes. S'han obtingut resultats totalment convergits per sistemes tipus, mentre que s'han analitzat, de manera detallada i extensiva, les característiques dinàmiques de sistemes triatòmic, tetraatòmic i pentaatòmic

The prediction of chemical reactivity from first principles: Collision and reaction dynamics

Aquest treball fa una revisió de mesures experimentals i càlculs teòrics sobre la dinàmica de col·lisions i reaccions moleculars. Els experiments se centren en col·lisions, a energies intermèdies, que involucren sistemes del tipus ió-àtom i iómolècula, per les quals es mesuren seccions eficaces totals, estat a estat, així com aquelles que discerneixen les diferents contribucions del moment angular d'espín. Els resultats obtinguts s'interpreten satisfactòriament en termes d'acoblaments no adiabàtics entre els diferents estats electrònics dels sistemes col·lisionants. Els càlculs teòrics utilitzen la metodologia quasiclàssica, així com metodologies mecanoquàntiques recentment desenvolupades, tant aproximades com exactes. S'han obtingut resultats totalment convergits per sistemes tipus, mentre que s'han analitzat, de manera detallada i extensiva, les característiques dinàmiques de sistemes triatòmic, tetraatòmic i pentaatòmic

The role of Li+ ions in the gas phase dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH molecules studied by radiofrequency-guided ion beams techniques and ab initio methods

Gas phase reactive collisions between lithium ions and i-C3H7X (X = Br, OH) molecules have been studied under single collision conditions in the center of mass (CM) 0.01-10.00 eV energy range using a radiofrequency-guided ion beam apparatus. Mass spectrometry analysis of the products did show the presence of [C3H6-Li]+, [HX-Li]+, C3H7+, and C2H3+ as well as of the [Li-i-C3H7Br]+ adduct while [Li-i-C3H7OH]+ was hardly detected. For all these reactive processes, the corresponding cross sections have been measured in absolute units as a function of the CM collision energy. Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations done at the second orderM¨oller Plesset level have provided relevant information on the topology of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) where a reaction takes place allowing the characterization of the stationary points on the respective PESs along their reaction pathways. The connectivity of the different stationary points localized on the PESs was ensured by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, confirming the adiabatic character of the reactions. The main topology features of the reactive PESs, in the absence of dynamical calculations, were used to interpret at the qualitative level the behavior of the experimental excitations functions, evidencing the role played by the potential energy barriers on the experimental dynamics of the reactions. Reaction rate constants at 303.2 K for different reactions have been calculated from measured excitation functions

The role of Li+ ions in the gas phase dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH molecules studied by radiofrequency-guided ion beams techniques and ab initio methods

Gas phase reactive collisions between lithium ions and i-C3H7X (X = Br, OH) molecules have been studied under single collision conditions in the center of mass (CM) 0.01-10.00 eV energy range using a radiofrequency-guided ion beam apparatus. Mass spectrometry analysis of the products did show the presence of [C3H6-Li]+, [HX-Li]+, C3H7+, and C2H3+ as well as of the [Li-i-C3H7Br]+ adduct while [Li-i-C3H7OH]+ was hardly detected. For all these reactive processes, the corresponding cross sections have been measured in absolute units as a function of the CM collision energy. Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations done at the second orderM¨oller Plesset level have provided relevant information on the topology of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) where a reaction takes place allowing the characterization of the stationary points on the respective PESs along their reaction pathways. The connectivity of the different stationary points localized on the PESs was ensured by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, confirming the adiabatic character of the reactions. The main topology features of the reactive PESs, in the absence of dynamical calculations, were used to interpret at the qualitative level the behavior of the experimental excitations functions, evidencing the role played by the potential energy barriers on the experimental dynamics of the reactions. Reaction rate constants at 303.2 K for different reactions have been calculated from measured excitation functions