Effects training in hypoxia on cardiometabolic parameters in obese people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trial

The aim of the present review is to evaluate effects of intermittent hypoxia and exercise therapy in cardiometabolic parameters on adult obese people. Three well-known databases were selected: EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Studies selection: Inclusion criteria were: (a) human healthy overweight or obese adults, (b) study randomized controlled trial, (c) original experimental study, (d) English languages and (e) therapy with intermittent hypoxia and exercise. The assessment of the methodological quality of each study was based upon the risk of bias (PEDro scale) and level of evidence (CBO Guidelines). five articles clearly met inclusion criteria and were reviewed to data extraction. In the hypoxia groups, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat mass and lean mass improved in at least two studies in comparison with the baseline. Systolic blood pressure improved in one study. The lipid profile and the aerobic capacity were not reduced significantly. Results suggest that combined hypoxia with exercise may help to improve cardiometabolic parameters in obese people. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Offensive performance under numerical inequality during exclusions in female handball

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) describir las situaciones de desigualdad numérica como consecuencia de exclusiones durante el torneo de balonmano femenino en los Juegos Panamericanos 2015; 2) analizar la eficacia para relacionarla con el resultado final de los partidos. Todos los partidos jugados por los equipos clasificados del puesto 1 al 4 en el torneo fueron analizados, utilizando la metodología observacional. Se construyó un instrumento ad hoc para realizar la observación. Un total de 14 partidos fueron analizados, en los cuales ocurrieron 461 acciones de desigualdad numérica. Las diferencias estadísticas entre las categorías analizadas fueron comprobadas usando el test de chi-cuadrado. Diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue considerada cuando p < 0.05. La mayor cantidad de acciones se concentró durante la segunda parte de los partidos (p < 0.05). Los resultados mostraron a los ganadores siendo más eficaces que los perdedores en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas (p < 0.05). Los equipos ganadores convierten el mayor porcentaje del total goles convertidos y mostraron un porcentaje menor de lanzamientos fuera. Los ganadores mostraron un mejor rendimiento en su eficacia de ataque (números de goles en relación al número de ataques/posesiones) cuando juegan en inferioridad. Se concluyó que los equipos ganadores convierten más goles que los perdedores en estas situaciones y que son más eficaces durante las acciones de desigualdad numérica.UY-MoUC

RESPONSE OF INDICATORS MUSCLE AND KIDNEY DAMAGE TO A HALF-DISTANCE TRIATHLON IN NON-PROFESSIONAL TRIATHLETES

Triathlon is a sport modality that has been on the rise in recent years, and represents a great physical load for the body. Therefore, the first goal of the present study was to investigate physiological response in non-professional half-distance triathlon participants regarding to muscle and kidney damage. Secondly, we evaluated the short-term recovery of this competition. Blood parameters of muscle and kidney damage of seventeen trained and experienced male triathletes were assessed before (pre) and after (post) the competition and 24h (24h REC) and 48 h (48h REC) after the individual finish. After race there were significant increases in the concentrations of creatine kinase and Total Protein (≤0.005) compared with Pre- race. A significant decrease in the total bilirubin (Δ =-24.5%; p<0.05) and Total Protein (Δ =-11.4%; p<0.05) values compared with post-race were shown 24h after race finish. At 48h of recovery, Total Protein decrease significantly compared with post- (Δ =-10.8%; p<0.05) and shown lower values compared with Pre- race (Δ =-5.7%; p<0.05). Significant muscle damage is caused in non-professional triathletes as result of half-distance race competition and 48h of recovery could be not sufficient to the decrease of serum creatine kinase

Efficacy of different 8 h time-restricted eating schedules on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health: A study protocol

Background and aims: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of three different 8 h time-restricted eating (TRE) schedules (i.e., early, late, and self-selected) compared to each other and to a usual-care (UC) intervention on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic health in men and women. Methods and results: Anticipated 208 adults (50% women) aged 30e60 years, with overweight/ obesity (25 BMI<40 kg/m2 ) and with mild metabolic impairments will be recruited for this parallel-group, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to one of four groups for 12 weeks: UC, early TRE, late TRE or self-selected TRE. The UC group will maintain their habitual eating window and receive, as well as the TRE groups, healthy lifestyle education for weight management. The early TRE group will start eating not later than 10:00, and the late TRE group not before 13:00. The self-selected TRE group will select an 8 h eating window before the intervention and maintain it over the intervention. The primary outcome is changes in VAT, whereas secondary outcomes include body composition and cardio metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: This study will determine whether the timing of the eating window during TRE im pacts its efficacy on VAT, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors and provide insights about its feasibilit

Influência da atividade física nos estados psicológicos de adultos durante a pandemia de covid-19

Introdução: Longos períodos de confinamento em casa podem levar ao medo, pânico, ansiedade e depressão, o que, por sua vez, pode estar relacionado à diminuição dos hábitos de atividade física. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre as características da atividade física praticada e o risco de apresentar problemas de saúde mental em pessoas durante o confinamento. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico, transversal e observacional em países ibero-americanos com uma amostra de 4.948 participantes, selecionados por meio de uma técnica de amostragem em bola de neve. O estudo teve início em 15 de março de 2020 e foi concluído em Agosto de 2020 por meio de um formulário online que incluiu perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e de saúde, além da avaliação do estado de saúde mental e características de atividade física. Resultados: As mulheres brasileiras com idade compreendida entre 18 e 29 anos que ficaram em casa mais de 19 horas por dia apresentaram um risco mais elevado para todos os problemas de saúde mental analisados neste estudo. Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento apresentou a maior probabilidade de risco de depressão em comparação com níveis mais elevados (OR = 1,317). Além disso, a utilização de um recurso não profissional para fazer atividade física foi um fator preditivo de estado de saúde mental adverso (OR Ansiedade = 1,396, OR Depressão = 1,452, e OR Estresse = 1,220). Conclusões: Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento está associado a maior prevalência de depressão, e a utilização de recursos profissionais para a atividade física pode ser um fator de proteção para os distúrbios de saúde mental.Introduction: Long periods of home confinement may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which, in turn, could drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Objetive: To determine the association between the characteristics of the physical activity performed and the risk of experiencing mental health issues among peopleduring confinement. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study design was conducted in Iberoamerican countries with a sample of 4,948 participants, selected through a snowball sampling technique. The study started on March 15th, 2020, and was completed in August 2020 through an online survey that includeddemographic and medical data, mental health status, and physical activity characteristics. Results: Brazilianwomen aged between 18 and 29 who stayed at home more than 19 hours per day presented a relevant higher risk for all the mental health problems analyzed in this study. A low level of physical activity during the isolation period presents the highest probability of depression compared to higher levels (OR = 1.317). In addition, using a no professional resource to do physical activity is a predictive factor of adverse mental health status (OR Anxiety= 1.396, OR Depression = 1.452, and OR Stress = 1.220). Conclusions: A low level of physical activity during a long isolation period is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, and the use of professional resources for physical activity may be a protective factor for mental health disorders

Acute physiological response to a normobaric hypoxic exposure: sex differences

Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to altitude/hypoxia, controlled studies from standardised exposures to normobaric hypoxia are largely lacking. Hence, the goals of this study were to provide information on cardiorespiratory responses to a 7-h normobaric hypoxia exposure and to explore potential differences between men and women. In this crossover study, a total of 15 men and 14 women were subjected to a 7-h exposure in normoxia (FiO2: 21%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 15%). Values of peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory gases were recorded every hour (8 time points), and oxygen saturation every 30 min (15 time points). Compared to normoxia, exposure to hypoxia significantly increased minute ventilation from baseline to hour 7 in males (+ 71%) and females (+ 40%), significantly greater in men (p < 0.05). A steeper decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation until 2.5 h in hypoxia was seen in females compared to males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ventilatory response to hypoxia was more pronounced in men compared to women. Moreover, during the first hours in hypoxia, peripheral oxygen saturation dropped more markedly in women than in men, likely due an initially lower and/or less efficient ventilatory response to moderate hypoxia. Those findings should be considered when performing interventions for therapy or prevention in normobaric hypoxia. Nevertheless, further large-scaled and well-controlled studies are needed

Efecto de un protocolo de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre masa grasa corporal en adolescentes

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood and adolescence are key to the development of chronic disease stages, the distribution of fat an important factor in this regard. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on fat parameters of a high intensity program developed in adolescents during physical education classes. Methods: In 2013, 35 school-age children of Cáceres taken part in this study divided into two groups. The high-intensity group performed for 8 weeks, 4-6 sets of 20 seconds at maximal intensity with a ratio effort / recovery of 1: 3 to 1: 1. The other group, developed continuous aerobic exercise during the same time. It conducted an assessment of fat mass before and after the training program. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used to observe that there were no statistically significant differences. Results: Continuous aerobic training group showed statistically significant differences in intra-group analysis in the percentage of fat mass trunk (Pre: 15.66 ± 4.16 vs Post: 16.95 ± 4.03; +1, 29%; p = 0.04) and the percentage of total fat (Pre: 21.58 ± 3.93 / Post: 22.34 ± 3.70; p = 0.05). Statistically significant differences were not found in the analysis between-groups in any of the studied variables. Conclusions: The training program high intensity physical activity at school carried out during physical education classes did not improve fat mass parameters evaluated. However, maintaining these parameters could be a good result during the development of this stage, where an increase of these occurs.RESUMEN Fundamentos: La infancia y la adolescencia son etapas claves para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas, siendo la distribución de grasa un importante factor en este sentido. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos sobre parámetros de grasa de un programa de alta intensidad desarrollado en adolescentes durante las clases de educación física. Métodos: Durante el año 2013, 35 escolares cacereños participaron en el estudio divididos en dos grupos. El grupo de alta intensidad realizó durante 8 semanas de 4 a 6 series de sprints de 20 segundos a máxima intensidad con una relación esfuerzo/recuperación de 1:3 a 1:1. El otro grupo desarrolló ejercicio aeróbico continuo durante el mismo tiempo. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de la masa grasa antes y tras el programa de entrenamiento. El test ANOVA de medidas repetidas se usó para analizar si existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. Resultados: El grupo de entrenamiento aeróbico continuo mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el análisis intra-grupo en el porcentaje de masa grasa del tronco (Pre:15,66±4,16 vs Post:16,95±4,03; +1,29%; p=0,04) y el porcentaje de grasa total (Pre:21,58±3,93/Post:22,34±3,70; p=0,05). Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento de actividad física de alta intensidad en la escuela llevado a cabo durante las clases de Educación Física no mejoró los parámetros de masa grasa evaluados. Sin embargo, el mantenimiento de estos parámetros podría ser un buen resultado durante el desarrollo de esta etapa, donde se produce un incremento

Evaluation of 18-week whole-body vibration training in normobaric hypoxia on lower-extremity muscle strength in elderly population

Therapeutic benefits of hypoxic training have been suggested for clinical populations, such as elderly who could suffer loss of lower limb muscle strength and higher risk of falling. This study investigated the effects of 18 weeks of whole-body vibration (WBV) training in normobaric hypoxia on the strength parameters of an elderly population. Thirty-one healthy elderly participants were randomly assigned to a hypoxic whole-body vibration group (HWBV; n = 10), normoxic whole-body vibration group (NWBV; n = 11), or control group (n = 10). The experimental groups received the same vibration treatment in a hypoxia chamber (HWBV: 16.1% fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2]; NWBV: 21.0% FiO2). Isokinetic leg muscle strength was evaluated using a Biodex System-3 isokinetic dynamometer. Body composition was obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. There were no significant differences between groups in either strength or body composition parameters. The NWBV group showed statistically significant improvements in the maximal strength of knee extensors, with a small effect size ( p = 0.004; d = 0.54). No significant differences were found in any variable of the HWBV group. The combination of WBV training and exposure to normobaric cyclic hypoxia carried out in the present study did not have an effect on strength parameters in healthy elderly subjects

Effects of strength training under hypoxic conditions on muscle performance, body composition and haematological variables

The addition of a hypoxic stimulus during resistance training is suggested to increase the metabolic responses, enhancing hypertrophy and muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training performed at submaximal intensities combined with normobaric hypoxia on muscular performance, body composition and haematological parameters. Thirty-two untrained subjects participated in this study (weight: 74.68±12.89 kg; height: 175±0.08 cm; BMI: 24.28±3.80 kg/m2 ). They were randomized to two groups: hypoxia (FiO2 = 13%) or normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%). The training programme lasted 7 weeks (3 d/w) and several muscle groups were exercised (3 sets x 65−80% 1RM to failure). Measurements were taken before, after the training and after a 3-week detraining period. Body composition and muscle mass were assessed through skinfolds and muscle girths. Muscle strength was evaluated by the 1RM estimated test. Finally, haemoglobin and haematocrit were taken from the antecubital vein. Both groups improved their strength performance and muscle perimeters, but the hypoxia group obtained a greater increase in muscle mass (hypoxia: +1.80% vs. normoxia: +0.38%; p<0.05) and decrease in fat mass (hypoxia: -6.83% vs. normoxia: +1.26%; p<0.05) compared to the normoxia group. Additionally, haematocrit values were also higher for the hypoxia group after the detraining period (hypoxia: +2.20% vs. normoxia: -2.22%; p<0.05). In conclusion, resistance training under hypoxic conditions could increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass more effectively than training performed in normoxia, but without contributing to greater muscle strength

Haematological responses to repeated sprints in hypoxia across different sporting modalities

The aim was to determine the effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia on haematocrit and haemoglobin in different sporting modalities. Seventy-two participants were randomly allocated to Active-Repeated sprint in hypoxia (A-RSH, n= 8); Active-Repeated sprint in normoxia (A-RSN, n= 8); Active-Control (A-CON, n= 8); Team Sports-RSH (T-RSH, n= 8); Team Sports-RSN (T-RSN, n= 8); Team Sports-Control (T-CON, n= 8); Endurance-RSH (E-RSH, n= 8); Endurance-RSN (E-RSN, n= 8); Endurance-Control (E-CON, n= 8). Sessions consisted of two sets of five sprints of 10 swith recovery of 20 sbetween sprints and 10 min between sets. Blood samples for haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations were obtained before and after, and 2 weeks after cessation. Haematocrit and haemoglobin were lower for the E-RSN group following 2 weeks of cessation of protocol compared with E-RSH (p = 0.035) and E-CON (p = 0.045). Haematocrit of the A-RSH group was higher compared with baseline (p = 0.05) and Post (p = 0.05). Similarly, the T-RSH group demonstrated increases in haematocrit following 2 weeks of cessation compared with Post (p = 0.04). Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia had different haematological effects depending on sporting modality