Structural analysis of sulfate vein networks in Gale crater (Mars)

The Curiosity rover's campaign in the Gale crater on Mars provides a large set of close-up images of sedimentary formations outcrops displaying a variety of diagenetic features such as light-toned veins, nodules and raised ridges. Through 2D and 3D analyses of Mastcam images we herein reconstruct the vein network of a sample area and estimated the stress field. Assessment of the spatial distribution of light-toned veins shows that the basin infillings, after burial and consolidation, experienced a sub-vertical compression and lateral extension coupled with fluid overpressure and cracking. Overall, rock failure and light-toned veins formations could have been generated by an overload produced by infilling material within the basin

Réalisation d'un banc de test d'électromigration : application à l'étude des phénomènes, limitant la fiabilité des interconnexions des circuits intégrés

La caractérisation de l'électromigration dans les lignes minces métalliques, détermine les principaux paramètres, permettant d'évaluer la fiabilité des interconnexions dans les circuits-intégrés à très grande échelle d'intégration. La finesse des mesures obtenues, et la souplesse du traitement des données, montrent l'importance de posséder un banc de test performant pour mettre en évidence et étudier le phénomène d'électromigration

Evaluation of ONO compatibility with high-k metal gate stacks for future embedded flash products

session 9: Novel Materials and TechnologiesInternational audienceEmbedded flash memories having high-k metal gate-based logic devices will require modifications to the flash cells in order to remain economically feasible. One potential integration scheme is to keep the traditional ONO layer as the flash cell's inter-gate dielectric and replace its poly-Si control gate with the same high-k metal gate stack used for the logic devices. Preliminary electrical tests show that an HfSiON/TiN/a-Si gate stack does not significantly impact the EOT or leakage properties of the ONO layer. This stack is more robust than the traditional ONO with a poly-Si gate

Investigation of Forming, SET, and Data Retention of Conductive-Bridge Random-Access Memory for Stack Optimization

International audienceIn this paper, we investigate in depth Forming, SET, and Retention of conductive-bridge random-access memory (CBRAM). A kinetic Monte Carlo model of the CBRAM has been developed considering ionic hopping and chemical reaction dynamics. Based on inputs from ab initio calculations and the physical properties of the materials, the model offers the simulation of both the Forming/SET and the Data Retention operations. It aims to create a bond between the physics at atomic level and the device behavior. From the model and experimental results obtained on decananometric devices, we propose an understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the CBRAM operations. Using the consistent Forming/SET and Data Retention model, we obtained good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the impact of each layer of the CBRAM on the Forming/SET behavior is decorrelated, allowing an optimization of the performance

Effect of La and Al addition used for threshold voltage shift on the BTI reliability of HfON-based FDSOI MOSFETs

session 2B: Process IntegrationInternational audienceIn this paper, the Bias Temperature Instability effects of Lanthanum (La) and Aluminum (Al) incorporation, used for threshold voltage adjustment by dipole formation at the SiO2/HfON interface into the FDSOI gate dielectrics has been studied. When compared at the same oxide electric field (Eox), incorporation of La causes significant enhancement of intrinsic NBTI (Negative Bias Temperature Instability) effect and it reduces the already low PBTI (Positive Bias Temperature Instability) effect. On the other hand, comparison at the same Gate voltage (Vg) does not show the same behavior possibly due to the reduction of oxide field (Eox) by La dipole effect. Incorporation of Al does not have a significant impact on NBTI but it causes significant enhancement of PBTI, when compared both at the same Eox or same Vg. NBTI/PBTI degradations well correlate to the La and Al effective doses in the gate dielectrics

Pratiques et recherches en Centres de langues

Volume publié en collaboration avec RANACLE

Relire L’Acacia

Près d’un quart de siècle après la parution de L’Acacia, le temps est venu de faire le point sur les lectures consacrées à ce roman, mais aussi d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives. Entretien avec Claude Simon, bilan critique, études, documents d’archives, matériaux d’écriture, paroles de lecteurs (dont un texte de Maylis de Kerangal) : autant de cheminements autour d’une œuvre majeure auxquels invite la présente livraison des Cahiers Claude Simon, et qui témoignent tous à leur façon de la vitalité inépuisable de L’Acacia

Review of therapeutic drug monitoring of anticancer drugs part one - Cytotoxics.

Most anticancer drugs are characterised by a steep dose-response relationship and narrow therapeutic window. Inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is often substantial. The most relevant PK parameter for cytotoxic drugs is the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC). Thus it is somewhat surprising that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is still uncommon for the majority of agents. Goals of the review were to assess the rationale for more widely used TDM of cytotoxics in oncology. There are several reasons why TDM has never been fully implemented into daily oncology practice. These include difficulties in establishing appropriate concentration target ranges, common use of combination chemotherapies for many tumour types, analytical challenges with prodrugs, intracellular compounds, the paucity of published data from pharmacological trials and 'Day1=Day21' administration schedules. There are some specific situations for which these limitations are overcome, including high dose methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil infusion, mitotane and some high dose chemotherapy regimens. TDM in paediatric oncology represents an important challenge. Established TDM approaches includes the widely used anticancer agents carboplatin, busulfan and methotrexate, with 13-cis-retinoic acid also recently of interest. Considerable effort should be made to better define concentration-effect relationships and to utilise tools such as population PK/PD models and comparative randomised trials of classic dosing versus pharmacokinetically guided adaptive dosing. There is an important heterogeneity among clinical practices and a strong need to promote TDM guidelines among the oncological community