Cognitions Liées à l’Insuffisance Rénale Chronique et Bienêtre Psychologique chez des Patients du Centre d’Hémodialyse de Cocody/Abidjan

La présente étude vise à vérifier la relation entre les  cognition liées à la maladie et le bien-être psychologique chez des hémodialysés. L’échantillon est composé de 118 individus dont 82 hommes et 36 femmes. L’âge moyen est de 45 ans et 7 mois et l’âge moyen de dialyse est de 5 ans et 6 mois. Les participants ont rempli deux questionnaires d’auto-évaluation adaptés. Ainsi, l’échelle de la maladie chronique d’Evers et al. (2001) et l’échelle brève du bien-être de Cottraux (2009), qui ont aidé à mesurer le bien-être psychologique. Les découvertes les plus cohérentes sont qu’une impuissance élevée est significativement associé à un bien-être psychologique faible. L’acceptation et les avantages perçus sont liés de manière significative à un bien-être psychologique élevé. Ces résultats confirment notre hypothèse émise et soutiennent ceux des études antérieures. Ils peuvent être mis à contribution dans les interventions psychologiques personnalisées pour non seulement réduire la dépression et l’anxiété engendrées par la dialyse chez certains patients, mais aussi pour maintenir et augmenter le bien-être psychologique des hémodialysés.   The present study aims to determine which illness-related cognitions are associated with psychological well-being in hemodialysis patients. The sample is composed of 118 individuals including 82 men (69.5%) and 36 women (30.5%). The average age is 45 years and 7 months and the average age for dialysis is 5 years and 6 months. Participants completed two adapted self-assessment questionnaires. Thus, the chronic illness scale of Evers et al. (2001) and the Cottraux Brief Well-being Scale (2009) helped measure psychological well-being. The most consistent findings are that high helplessness is significantly associated with low psychological well-being. Acceptance and perceived benefits are significantly related to high psychological well-being. These results confirm our hypothesis and support those of previous studies. These results may enable personalized psychological interventions to not only reduce depression and anxiety caused by dialysis in certain patients, but also to maintain and increase the psychological well-being of hemodialysis patients

Cognitions Liées à la Maladie et Bien-être Psychologique des Hémodialysés au Centre d’Hémodialyse de Cocody/Abidjan

La présente étude vise à vérifier la relation entre les  cognitions liées à la maladie et le bien-être psychologique chez des hémodialysés. L’échantillon est composé de 118 individus dont 82 hommes et 36 femmes. L’âge moyen est de 45 ans et 7 mois et l’âge moyen de dialyse est de 5 ans et 6 mois. Les participants ont rempli deux questionnaires d’auto-évaluation adaptés. Ainsi, l’échelle de la maladie chronique d’Evers et al. (2001) et l’échelle brève du bien-être de Cottraux (2009), qui ont aidé à mesurer le bien-être psychologique. Les découvertes les plus cohérentes sont qu’une impuissance élevée est significativement associé à un bien-être psychologique faible. L’acceptation et les avantages perçus sont liés de manière significative à un bien-être psychologique élevé. Ces résultats confirment notre hypothèse émise et soutiennent ceux des études antérieures. Ils peuvent être mis à contribution dans les interventions psychologiques personnalisées pour non seulement réduire la dépression et l’anxiété engendrées par la dialyse chez certains patients, mais aussi pour maintenir et augmenter le bien-être psychologique des hémodialysés.   The present study aims to determine which illness-related cognitions are associated with psychological well-being in hemodialysis patients. The sample is composed of 118 individuals including 82 men (69.5%) and 36 women (30.5%). The average age is 45 years and 7 months and the average age for dialysis is 5 years and 6 months. Participants completed two adapted self-assessment questionnaires. Thus, the chronic illness scale of Evers et al. (2001) and the Cottraux Brief Well-being Scale (2009) helped measure psychological well-being. The most consistent findings are that high helplessness is significantly associated with low psychological well-being. Acceptance and perceived benefits are significantly related to high psychological well-being. These results confirm our hypothesis and support those of previous studies. These results may enable personalized psychological interventions to not only reduce depression and anxiety caused by dialysis in certain patients, but also to maintain and increase the psychological well-being of hemodialysis patients

Cognitions Liées à la Maladie et Bien-être Psychologique des Hémodialysés au Centre d’Hémodialyse de Cocody/Abidjan

La présente étude vise à vérifier la relation entre les  cognitions liées à la maladie et le bien-être psychologique chez des hémodialysés. L’échantillon est composé de 118 individus dont 82 hommes et 36 femmes. L’âge moyen est de 45 ans et 7 mois et l’âge moyen de dialyse est de 5 ans et 6 mois. Les participants ont rempli deux questionnaires d’auto-évaluation adaptés. Ainsi, l’échelle de la maladie chronique d’Evers et al. (2001) et l’échelle brève du bien-être de Cottraux (2009), qui ont aidé à mesurer le bien-être psychologique. Les découvertes les plus cohérentes sont qu’une impuissance élevée est significativement associé à un bien-être psychologique faible. L’acceptation et les avantages perçus sont liés de manière significative à un bien-être psychologique élevé. Ces résultats confirment notre hypothèse émise et soutiennent ceux des études antérieures. Ils peuvent être mis à contribution dans les interventions psychologiques personnalisées pour non seulement réduire la dépression et l’anxiété engendrées par la dialyse chez certains patients, mais aussi pour maintenir et augmenter le bien-être psychologique des hémodialysés.   The present study aims to determine which illness-related cognitions are associated with psychological well-being in hemodialysis patients. The sample is composed of 118 individuals including 82 men (69.5%) and 36 women (30.5%). The average age is 45 years and 7 months and the average age for dialysis is 5 years and 6 months. Participants completed two adapted self-assessment questionnaires. Thus, the chronic illness scale of Evers et al. (2001) and the Cottraux Brief Well-being Scale (2009) helped measure psychological well-being. The most consistent findings are that high helplessness is significantly associated with low psychological well-being. Acceptance and perceived benefits are significantly related to high psychological well-being. These results confirm our hypothesis and support those of previous studies. These results may enable personalized psychological interventions to not only reduce depression and anxiety caused by dialysis in certain patients, but also to maintain and increase the psychological well-being of hemodialysis patients

Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Perception, Attitude et Attentes des Résidents à l’égard des Espaces Verts Urbains de Yamoussoukro (Côte d’Ivoire)

Les forêts urbaines considérées comme gênant par le passé font aujourd’hui l’objet d’une attention particulière, pour le bien-être de la population urbaine. Cette étude a pour objectif de recenser les avis des usagers des forêts urbaines de Yamoussoukro. Ainsi pour mener à bien cette étude, un questionnaire a été adressé aux usagers en vue de recueillir leurs avis sur les forêts urbaines de Yamoussoukro. Ce questionnaire a été complété avec des observations directes sur le terrain pour apprécier le comportement de la population à l’égard de ces espaces verts. Cette enquête a porté essentiellement sur la fréquentation de la population au niveau des arbres d’alignement. Au total, 284 usagers des espaces verts ont été interrogés de manière aléatoire. Ces usagers sont en majorité des hommes (63,7%). Ils fréquentent ces espaces verts pour l’ombrage, le repos et pour y mener des activités. Selon ces usagers, les plantes embellissent les villes (14,6%). Ensuite elles interviennent dans la régulation du climat (14%), puis servent à se soigner (10,3%), à se nourrir (10,2%), etc. Le manque d’arbres sur certaines voies pour profiter de l’ombrage et l’absence de jardin public pour profiter de leurs aménités a amené 91,5% des enquêtés à souhaiter l’augmentation des arbres d’alignement et la création de jardin public. Ces résultats révèlent que les espaces verts jouent un rôle très important en milieu urbain et méritent donc une attention particulière des autorités administratives et politiques. Cependant les usagers affirment que la population elle-même n’entretient pas les espaces verts (71,6%) au vue des actes qu’elle pose. Cela se manifeste par les coupes abusives des arbres, le prélèvement de leurs écorces ou le dépôt de déchets à leurs pieds. Ces résultats permettront aux autorités locales et administratives de prendre en compte ces espaces dans la planification et le développement de la ville pour le bien-être de la population. Urban foreststhat were once considered a nuisance are now being paid particular attention for the well-being of the urban population in contact with them. The objective of this study is to survey the opinions of the users of Yamoussoukro's urban forests. This questionnaire was completed with direct observations on the ground to assessthe behavior of the population with regard to these green spaces. To carry out this study, a questionnaire was sent to users to collect their opinions on the urban forests of Yamoussoukro. This survey focused on population attendance at the level of alignment trees. A total of 284 users of green spaces were randomly questioned. The majority of these users are male (63.7%). They use these green spaces for shade, rest and the activities they offer. According to these users, first plants beautify cities (14.6%). Next, they contribute to climate regulation (14%), and are then used for health care (10.3%) and food (10.2%). The lack of trees on some roads to take advantage of the shade and the absence of a public garden to take advantage of their amenities led 91.5% of respondents to wish the increase of the trees of alignment and the creation of public garden. These results reveal that green spaces play a very important role in urban areas and therefore deserve a particular attention on the part of administrative and political authorities. However, users say that the population itself does not maintain green spaces (71.6%) in view of the actions it takes. This is manifested by abusive cutting, waste generation and tree injury. These results will allow local and administrative authorities to take these spaces into account in the planning and development of the city for the well-being of the population

The acute diuretic effect of an ethanolic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) in rats involves prostaglandins

Abstract Background Phyllanthus amarus (Schum & Thonn), a plant belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae is used in Ivorian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. However, although this plant has been described as a diuretic agent, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism action of diuretic effects of an ethanolic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus (EFPA) in rats. Methods Effects of EFPA on urinary excretion were carried out for doses ranging from 5 to 80 mg/kg given by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and compared with that induced by furosemide (5 mg/kg) after 8 h. Thereafter, the diuretic activity of EFPA was also evaluated in the presence of indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in order to determine the involvement of prostaglandins, after 24 h. Results Between 5 and 80 mg/kg, EFPA induced a significant urinary excretion. The profile of urinary excretion showed that after 2 h, the highest dose of 80 mg/kg induced a urinary volumetric excretion (UVE), which was similar to that induced by furosemide. After 24 h, EFPA at 10 mg/kg increased significantly UVE, Na+ (43 mEq) and Cl¯ (97 mEq) urinary excretions without promoting kaliuresis. In rats pretreated with indomethacin, the urinary excretion and the natriuretic response of EFPA were significantly reduced. Conclusion Altogether, this study has shown that EFPA promotes a significant urinary excretion of water and Na+, confirming its diuretic activity. Moreover, the increased diuresis could be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of prostaglandins