A comparative study of Aramaic and Nabataean inscriptions from North-West Saudi Arabia.

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The Reality of Businesses to Consumers E-Commerce in Jordan: A Study of the Jordanian Industrial Companies from the Perspective of Employees

This study aims to identifying the scope of e- commerce employment among businesses and costumers. So, the present study aims at achieving the following goals: 1- Gaining knowledge concerning e-commerce, its characteristics, forms and requirements. 2- Identifying the scope of e-commerce at the Jordanian market, and awareness concerning e-commerce among individuals and firms. 3- Determining the degree of success of e-commerce usage on the operations and the value of companies and individuals from the perspective of employees at those companies. The researcher found a number of recommendations based on the results of the study, 1- Conducting similar studies examining the factors affecting the application and adoption of e- commerce among Jordan firms, based on different years in which the required methods for encouraging e- commerce. 2- Approving laws and legislations which regulate e- commerce among the firms which adopt e- commerce. 3- The necessity of awareness and guidance provision for the employees at the e- commerce firms and their customers concerning the importance of e- commerce and employing its capacities which may yield great benefits for the firm and the customer if applied appropriately, supported by relevant regulations and laws. 4- providing training courses for the employees at the firms in order to create an environment which is suitable for, and aware of e- commerce. Keywords: E-Commerce, Businesses, Jordanian Industrial Companies , Perspective of Employee

Nabataean inscriptions from southwest of Taymāʾ, Saudi Arabia

This group of inscriptions was found at several sites southwest of Taymāʾ, on the way to Al-ʿUlā. They were discovered by Dr Bader al-Faqayr, Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, King Saud University during his geographical survey of the province, in the spring of 2008. The study of these fifteen inscriptions provides twenty-three personal names; four of them occur for the first time in Nabataean inscriptions. They provided us with thirteen lexical items, two of which are attested for the second time in Nabataean inscriptions: gʾyʾ ‘the tailor’ and yhwdyʾ ‘the Jew’.Wetensch. publicati

Potential Risk Of Organic Manures Application On Soil Salinization

Application of organic manures as fertilizer is essential in supporting plant with nutrients and soil improvement. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effect of three organic manures on soil salinity. Field experiment was arranged in randomized split plot, the main plots were two levels of soil salinity at average of 2.9 and 8.7 mS/cm, the sub plots were alfalfa green manure, chicken manure and cow manure at rate of 20 t/ha added one month before sowing of maize crop. The results showed that; soil salinity was raised up to 5.5, 5.1 and 5.8 mS/cm in low saline soil in the first season for alfalfa, cow and chicken manure respectively, whereas in the second season the salinity was increased in respective up to 7.3, 5.3 and 6.4 mS/cm. The high saline soil salinity was increased from 8.7 mS/cm to 10.9, 12.4 and 13.1 mS/cm in the first season, and 12.6, 13.6 and 14.4 mS/cm in the second season for alfalfa, cow and chicken manure respectively. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that salinity level increased linearly with increasing rate of organic manure for all organic materials investigated in this study. Keywords: organic manures, soil salinity, sustainable agricultur

Assessment of geometrical characteristics of dental endodontic micro-instruments utilizing X-ray micro computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the surface area, volume and specific surface area of endodontic files employing quantitative X-ray micro computed tomography (mXCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three sets (six files each) of the Flex-Master Ni-Ti system (Nº 20, 25 and 30, taper .04) were utilized in this study. The files were scanned by mXCT. The surface area and volume of all files were determined from the cutting tip up to 16 mm. The data from the surface area, volume and specific area were statistically evaluated using the one-way ANOVA and SNK multiple comparison tests at α=0.05, employing the file size as a discriminating variable. The correlation between the surface area and volume with nominal ISO sizes were tested employing linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The surface area and volume of Nº 30 files showed the highest value followed by Nº 25 and Nº 20 and the differences were statistically significant. The Nº 20 files showed a significantly higher specific surface area compared to Nº 25 and Nº 30. The increase in surface and volume towards higher file sizes follows a linear relationship with the nominal ISO sizes (r²=0.930 for surface area and r²=0.974 for volume respectively). Results indicated that the surface area and volume demonstrated an almost linear increase while the specific surface area exhibited an abrupt decrease towards higher sizes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that mXCT can be effectively applied to discriminate very small differences in the geometrical features of endodontic micro-instruments, while providing quantitative information for their geometrical properties

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in Bangladeshi General Population

Background: Hepatitis C virus is encountered sporadically in Bangladesh. It results in a wide range liver diseases, with asymptomatic acute hepatitis rarely at one end to HCC at the other end of the spectrum. Methods: 1018 individuals of different age groups and sex with varied religious, educational and social backgrounds were tested for anti-HCV by ELISA. Before testing, blood samples were preserved at -20°C. The study was conducted in a semi-urban location on the outskirts of Dhaka. Results: 0.88% tested positive for anti HCV. None of them tested positive for HBsAg. There was a male predominance and those who tested positive were mostly between 17 and 50 years of age. Major risk factors for exposure to HBV appeared to be injudicious use of injectable medications, treatment by unqualified, traditional practitioners, mass-vaccination against cholera and smallpox, barbers and body piercing. Conclusion: HCV remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Key words: HCV; prevalence; general population; Bangladesh.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i1.3705 BSMMU J 2009; 2(1): 14-1

تقويم أداء كلية الاقتصاد في جامعة تشرين باستخدام أسلوب التحليل التطويقي للبيانات (DEA)

هدفت الدراسة إلى الآتي : تقويم أداء جامعة تشرين  من خلال دراسة حالة كلية الاقتصاد فيها , و استخدام أسلوب التحليل التطويقي للبيانات في عملية تقويم الأداء , وكذلك دراسة وتحليل أداء كلية الاقتصاد بجامعة تشرين وتحديد نقاط قوته وضعفه مع إمكانية تقديم حلول لتجاوز نقاط الضعف و تحليل متغيرات الأداء المتمثلة بالأبعاد التعليمية والإدارية بالإضافة لبُعد الأداء المتمثل بعدد الخرّيجين وخلال الفترة الزمنية (2013-2020), ومن النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها : -  يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية لمؤشر البعد الاداري على أداء كلية الاقتصاد. -  يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية لمؤشر البعد التعليمي  على أداء كلية الاقتصاد. - يمكننا تقويم أداء كلية الاقتصاد في جامعة تشرين باستخدام أسلوب التحليل التطويقي للبيانات وتعميم ذلك على مؤسسات التعليم العالي الأخرى

Baylisascaris procyonis in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Denmark

AbstractThe nematode Baylisascaris procyonis, which may cause severe clinical disease in humans and animals, is emerging in Europe after its introduction with raccoons (Procyon lotor) from North America. B. procyonis has a broad spectrum of paratenic hosts, including rodents, birds, wild carnivores and primates, which are severely affected by the migrating larval stages of the parasite. We report here the recovery of B. procyonis from two out of 18 examined wild raccoons in Denmark. The parasites were identified based on morphology and their identity was confirmed by partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Follow-up telephone interviews of staffs in nine zoos housing captive raccoons and veterinarians supervising these zoos showed that knowledge of B. procyonis and its zoonotic potential were sparse. Eggs of B. procyonis were detected in two raccoons kept in one of three zoos that submitted fecal samples following the telephone interviews. Continuous monitoring and increased awareness are needed to reduce further spread of the parasite and to limit the public health risks associated with baylisascariasis