Thalassorama - Socio-Economic Structure and Performance of Traditional Fishermen in the Sultanate of Oman

Understanding the basic structure of fishing communities is vital information for a country's economic policy formation. Basic information such as income, educational level, and age of fishing participants can be useful in determining socio-economic changes between different geographical locations and fishing communities. Market supply and demand information is essential for the promotion of fishing industry improvement programs, as well as for food subsidy policies. Social and economic data for traditional fishermen in Oman is very limited in scope. Available information indicates that Omani traditional fishermen may contribute as much as 80% of the country's total catch. Worldwide, this figure is only about 25%. There are currently a number of challenges facing the Omani fishing sector, such as fish quality improvement for markets and to what extent traditional fishermen are participating in government-sponsored programs. The findings of this study have practical policy implications. For example, preliminary data indicates that traditional fishermen are aging, many have very limited educational levels, there are minimal alternative employment opportunities, and there is a need to utilize more modern equipment.Traditional fishermen, fiberglass vessel, socio-economics., Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q22,

Applying the “abcd” Monthly Water Balance Model for Some Regions in the United States

As watershed models become increasingly functional and useful, there is a need to extend their applicability to other locations to explore the possibility of calibrating and evaluating them in such new locations. This study used the “abcd” monthly water balance model for three catchments in different places in the United States in order to investigate the feasibility of this model in different regions. Although the regional calibration led to nearly perfect regional relationships between catchment model parameters and basin characteristics in catchments with little or no snow, practicality of this model in regions dominated by snow was questionable. Keywords: “abcd” model, water balance, watershed hydrology, United State

Pembelajaran kewirausahaan di PTAIN Jawa Timur: perspektif strategi pembelajaran

Entrepreneurship education, as a local curriculum, is needed to enlarge and support the students’ skill. So it is needed modification of conventional education method to obtain information about education strategy of entrepreneurship at Islamic State PTAIN Jawa Timur of East Java. Findings obtained from the study are (1) the education process of entrepreneurship subject in Islamic State PTAIN Jawa Timur of East Java is given by a master who has profession as a head of official functionary on fisheries institution in PTAIN Jawa Timur . He organizes the subject in a written summary that will be read in front of the class, (2) the class is started by giving the students real phenomenon to strengthened their view and it will be finished by giving them writing exercise or individual/group task; the students searching many literatures to be resumed. Lecturer is used as a media and the method used are lecture, discussion, and literature, (3) Creating students’ interest into the real phenomenon in order to strengthened students’ view. Pre-test and post-test given in written exercise or individual/group task will generate good studying motivation to each of the students and it also will increase interaction between lecturer and students on the subject studied

'The mothers of England object': Public Health, Privacy and Professional Ethics in the Early Twentieth-century Debate over the Notification of Pregnancy.

Amid wider efforts to improve maternal and infant health in Britain around the First World War, public health officials debated making pregnancy a notifiable condition. Although the policy never entered national legislation, a number of local authorities introduced 'notification of pregnancy' schemes in various guises, with at least one surviving until the 1950s. Resistance from private practitioners to infectious diseases notification in the later nineteenth century has been well documented. We know less about opposition to the extension of this measure to maternal and infant welfare, especially from newly professionalising female health occupations. Conflict over notification of pregnancy drew midwives, in particular, into longstanding arguments over the powers of municipal authorities, family privacy and professional ethics. The controversy was the key battleground in negotiations over the organisation of 'antenatal care' as occupational groups of varying degrees of authority sought to define their roles and responsibilities within the emerging health services

Transnational Higher Education in Selected Private Colleges in Oman: Academic Staff Perceptions and Experiences

The primary aim of this study was to develop an in-depth understanding of Transnational Higher Education (TNE) in Oman by investigating the implementation of TNE programmes hosted by two Omani private colleges. TNE in private Higher Education (HE) is the outcome of government policy requiring all private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to establish collaborative partnerships with credible international universities; the latter being responsible for awarding the degrees. With the private HE sector in Oman currently accommodating about 50 percent of the new students entering the national HE system, it was important to examine issues around the nature of institutional partnerships; curriculum development; academic impact (teaching and learning, and quality of education) as well as problems or challenges faced in the delivery of TNE programmes by private local HE colleges. By recognising the dearth of research in this area, this qualitative study focused on the perceptions and experiences of academic staff regarding TNE in Oman. It also examined the policy drivers for TNE in Oman and its implications at the national and institutional levels, in order to understand the political and economic context in which these institutions were operating in. Data were generated primarily through the use of semi-structured interviews carried out with 27 academic staff from two selected private colleges. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis which enabled the identification of various key themes from the data. The study confirmed that the provision of TNE by private colleges is driven by government policy which seeks to accelerate the building of national capacity through the provision of good quality HE. The academic staff were generally satisfied with the provision of TNE programmes, however, the study highlighted that the implementation of TNE programmes was affected by a number of factors including,financial constraints; socio-cultural challenges; and ineffective communication among key stakeholders. The thesis further investigated participants‟ views regarding the ways in which the implementation of the existing TNE programmes could be improved. Participants identified that enhancing the role of the local colleges in the development of a quality culture and rethinking of the role of the foreign partner Universities and the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in the development of TNE programmes were key areas for policy and academic action

A comparative application of flood routing models on the rivers Wear and Tees with special reference to the state variable model

An analysis of a number of flood routing methods has been carried out in this study. These methods are namely, the Muskingum-Cunge Method, the Variable Parameter Diffusion Method, the State Variable Kinematic Wave Model, and the state variable modelling of nonlinear Muskingum Model. The Muskingum-Cunge and Variable Parameter Diffusion Methods are recommended for use on British Rivers by the Natural Environment Research Council flood studies report, 1975.In using numerical flood routing model, it is very important to calculate the model parameters. For instance storage routing models require a suitable form of storage-discharge relationship. Past flow records were used for the above calculation. The state Variable Kinematic Wave Model has been applied for routing the flood hydrograph through river reaches. The stage and discharge are computed by a kinematic wave routing technique using the state variable approach in which the one-dimensional differential equations of unsteady flow are solved by state and output equations of the state variable model. The nonlinear Muskingum equation has been solved using the state variable modelling technique. Two parameter estimation techniques namely, Hooke-Jeeves and linear regression, are employed for the calibration of the nonlinear Muskingum model parameters (a, x, and m).The applicability of the flood routing model computer programs to different flood events of different seasons for reaches of both the Rivers Wear and Tees is demonstrated. Discriptions of the geology and hydrological data for reaches of both the Rivers Wear and Tees are given in this study. The computed and observed hydrographs of flood routing models used in this study are compared

Presidents Immunities Form international crimes under the International Criminal Code... Study Warrant for Sudan's President

This study is an attempt to highlight the responsibility a president for committing international crimes under the Criminal law, the legal status of the President of the International, and to what  extent the principles of international criminal law are opposed to the concept of national sovereignty of states, and define the concept of criminal responsibility of presents in the international criminal law, in addition, focusing  the issue of Sudan's president with the International Criminal Court . This study aims to illustrate the evolution of the principle of criminal responsibility of the president in international criminal law, from the formation of temporary military courts in Tokyo, Leipzig and Nuremberg, and later in Ronda and the former Yugoslavia and Sierra Leone and ending with the birth of the International Criminal Court. While devoting the principle of criminal responsibility of presidents for international crimes under international criminal law, other principles of customary international law started to be limited and fade, as the principle of national sovereignty of States and the immunities and privileges that presidents enjoy. According to this development it is no longer possible to plead the constitutional and international immunities for the exemption from prosecution and punishment, as the item 27 of Court criminal system confirmed of official capacity as a contraceptive trial and punishment, and thus treats the president treatment of any other person in front of the International Criminal Court in the event of proven involvement of committing international crimes. Hence this study aims to reveal the discrepancy between the legal status of the president in the international public and international criminal laws, and the extent of prejudice to the implementation of the principles of international criminal law to the sovereignty of States, as well as to clarify the privacy of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and superiority upon the national jurisdiction of States. The study comes with a dangerous precedent is the issuance of the arrest warrant against Sudanese President by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, it is the first event to the President who is still in power after the trial of former Yugoslav "Milosevic" at the Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia, as well as the president's trial Charles Taylor, and attempts to prosecute former Chilean President "Pinochet". In this context, this study shows the most important legal and political dimensions to accuse the Sudanese President, and determine the constitutional and international immunities at the Criminal Court and the legal basis for his criminal responsibility, in addition to the emphasis on the question of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on the case of Sudan or not and the powers of the Security Council to end the crisis between Sudan and International Criminal Court. Key words: Criminal Court, international immunities, Criminal law, International crime, international law