The effect of dispersing agent on the dyeing of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes derived from 1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile

1,4-Diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (8), is synthesized by reacting ethyl cyanoacetate with ethyl amine to produce the amide 4, which when reacted with methyl propionylacetate, afforded compound 8. Compound 8 is then coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to give the corresponding arylhydrazono-1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile disperse dyes, 11a-d, whose structures were elucidated by using X-ray crystal structure determinations. A high temperature dyeing method was employed to apply these dyes for polyester fabrics. The relationship between dyeing properties and the concentration of dispersing agent present in a dye bath is evaluated

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, and applications of new azo pyridone disperse dyes on polyester fabric

Three components; ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl amines, and methyl propionylacetate were condensed using solid supports in microwave to give 1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (9) that was then coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to give the corresponding arylhydrazono-1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile disperse dyes, 10a-g. Structures of the afforded compounds were confirmed by (IR, NMR, EI/MS) and one of them was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography (10g). Fastness properties of the reported dyes were intensively examined against light, perspiration and washing fastness, exhibiting moderate, very good and excellent fastness levels, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the dyes were tested against different bacterial strains of Gram positive and Gram negative characteristics, and yeast, at where most of them showed promising activities against such test organisms

مقارنة أسلوبية إحصائية بين سورتي النور والفرقان

من منطلق ندرة الأبحاث الأسلوبية الإحصائية اللسانية في سور القرآن الكريم وأهميتها، ومن منظور اختلاف أسلوب المدنيّ من السور عن المكيّ؛ يسعى البحث إلى إجراء مقارنة بين أهم المتغيرات الأسلوبية في الجانبين التركيبي والدلالي في سورتي النور والفرقان، وفقًا لمنهج الأسلوبية الإحصائية؛ بناءً على أن المقارنة من أهم مفاهيم الدرس الإحصائي للأسلوب، الذي يستدعي طرقًا إحصائية معينة تفيد في تحقيق التشخيص الأسلوبي، سواء أكان هذا على مستوى وصف النص أم على مستوى تحليله، ومن بين هذه الطرق الإحصائية الأكثر شيوعًا؛ قياس كثافة المتغير الأسلوبي، وقياس النسبة بين متغيرين أسلوبيين، ومقياس تنوع المفردات، وهي المقاييس التي اعتمدها البحث لبيان أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بين السورتين.  قسمت الدراسة إلى مبحثين؛ الأول: مقارنة أسلوبية تركيبة، والثاني: مقارنة أسلوبية دلالية. ومن أمثلة نتائج البحث المهمة – عند الاحتكام إلى المقاييس السابقة - على مستوى المقارنة الإحصائية التركيبية: ظهورُ ارتفاع كثافة الالتفات واستعمال (لولا) ونسبة الجملة الفعلية في سورة النور، وارتفاع عدد المنصوبات التي أكثرها المفاعيل في سورة الفرقان. ومن أمثلة النتائج المهمة على مستوى المقارنة الإحصائية الدلالية: إثباتُ مقياس كثافة الألفاظ كزيادة كثافة لفظ الجلالة وأسماء الله الحسنى ثم ألفاظ الإيمان في سورة النور، في مقابل زيادة كثافة ألفاظ الربوبية وأسماء الله الحسنى ثم ألفاظ القول في سورة الفرقان

Recent developments in chemical reactivity of N,N-dimethylenamino ketones as synthons for various heterocycles

The current review presents recent progress in the utility of N,N-dimethyl enaminones as building blocks for a diverse range of acyclic, carbocyclic, five- and six-membered heterocyclic a broad range of heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic derivatives. Most importantly, these N,N-dimethyl analogues have proven to be of biological interest and provide an access to new class of biologically active heterocyclic compounds for biomedical applications. All of these topics are drawn from the recent literature till 2016

Identity and Globalisation: Tribal Identity in the Age of Social Media

The age of globalisation and technology have provided people with a platform to stay connected with each other. As elsewhere, social media is rapidly spreading in the Gulf region and creating a virtual forum for people to express their opinions, ideas and feelings toward current issues both regionally and globally. Such a feature has been used politically by both governments and individuals, particularly since the outbreak of the Arab Spring in 2011. In 2017, a new crisis has hit the Gulf region when three member states (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain) of the GCC cut off relations and blockaded Qatar based on terrorism-related allegations. One major aspect of the crisis has been the politicised use of social media to spread information and mobilise people. The paper will mainly focus on the use and effect of social media on the tribes in the Gulf. Firstly, the paper will discuss the bond that tribes have with each other regardless of their nationalities and how technology provided them with a way to be closer. During the Gulf crisis, the three blockading countries used tribal identity to threaten political stabiliy, and consequently focused their efforts on influencing local and most influential tribes in Qatar. The mobilisation process relied heavily on the tribal traditions and feelings, which due to technology can be disseminated through social media. It has opened up a virtual space to mobilise and direct tribes to convince their fellow tribesmen in Qatar to bring down the regime. Finally, the paper will analyse the reaction of the Qatari government and tribes as well as the gradual consolidation of a Qatari national identity as a consequence of identity re-configurations associated with the ongoing crisis

Ultrasonic Dyeing of Polyester Fabric with Azo Disperse Dyes Clubbed with Pyridonones and Its UV Protection Performance

The textile sector is closely linked to environmental pollution as a result of the use of toxic chemicals and their disposal in liquid waste, which negatively affects for the environment. Moreover, textile industries, especially wet processing, consume a large amount of energy, water, and chemical auxiliaries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a solution that takes the problem of environmental pollution into account. Considering ultrasound as an environmentally safe alternative for dyeing polyester fabrics with the disperse dyes that we have prepared before, the comparison between the ultrasonic dyeing method and conventional dyeing at low temperatures was investigated. Dye exhaustion on polyester fabrics and fastness properties such as the washing, rubbing, light, and perspiration of all of the dyed fabrics were performed by two dyeing methods. Additionally, the ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) for dyed polyester fabrics were evaluated

Dyeing of Polyester with Disperse Dyes: Part 2. Synthesis and Dyeing Characteristics of Some Azo Disperse Dyes for Polyester Fabrics

The goal of this study was to utilize carrier for accelerating the rate of dyeing not only to enhance dyeing of polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes 3a,b, but also to save energy. Both the color strength expressed as dye uptake and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated