Effect of Flavonoid Extracts of Three Famous Plants on Two Virulence Genes rmpA and iucA of Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated as Co-infection from COVID-19 Patients

In the current study, three plants were identified, Zingiber officinale, Vitis vinifera and Phoenix dactylifera, to extract and isolate flavonoids from them by alcohol extraction from the leaves of these plants, then confirm the extraction of flavonoids alone from the alcoholic extract using Ethyl acetate by Fluid-Fluid Extraction method and expose the isolated Klebsiella pneumonia samples. From the respiratory tracts of 25 patients infected with Coronavirus 2019 in Salah al-Din General Hospital in the city of Tikrit - Iraq to find out the extent of the possible genetic influence on the level of DNA, specifically the rmpA, iucA genes, which have a co-influence in increasing the severity of the infection on the patient

Estimation of FLS Gene Expression in Ginger, Grapes and Date Palms using Artemisia annua as a Control Sample

In the current study, the gene expression of FLS gene prefixes was studied in the leaves of the plants of Zingiber officinale, Vitis vinifera, Phoenix dactylifera. This was done using a sample of Artemisia annua leaves as a control sample and using the reference gene 18s rRNA. Relative Quantification gene expression was relied upon as an approved method to extract results. This gene is responsible for encoding Flavonol synthase, which encodes Flavonol compounds in the flavonoid metabolism chain in various plant kingdom plants that perform multiple plant functions as well as directly related to human health. Ginger Z. officinale was proved to have the highest gene expression at CT= 31.6, while V. vinifera and date palm P. dactylifera followed respectively with values 33.78 and 38.31

Evaluation of the Level and Polymorphism of the Osteocalcin Gene in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The hormone is known as the bone protein γ-carboxyglutamic acid. The hormone belongs to the family of proteins that depend on vitamin K, as this vitamin is a catalyst in the formation of (γ-carboxylation) that determines its attraction to the bone matrix and calcium, and this contributes to the formation of bones. Moreover, the non-carboxylated form of the hormone that exerts hormonal properties and is also involved in glucose and energy metabolism, stimulates osteoblasts to secrete insulin directly and indirectly from the pancreas through the synthesis of glucagon-like-peptide 1 GLP-1 From the small intestine this enhances insulin sensitivity in fat cells and muscle cells. This property may have an effect on bone mineralization and may lead to a change in bone quality and an increased risk of fractures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of osteocalcin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with the healthy ones and its relationship with the enzymes (GSH, CP, SOD), and to detect the gene encoding the hormone osteocalcin in the disease and to find the relationship between the hormone osteocalcin and vital variables. Blood samples were collected from (30) healthy people (15) males and (15) females, their ages ranged from (25-60) years and (30) patients from (19) males and (11) females in a hospital Salah Al-Din General and Al-Sharqat General Hospital, and the analyzes were measured in the central laboratory of the hospital, which were examined by the specialist doctor. This study showed that the levels of OC in the blood serum of people with rheumatoid arthritis is statistically higher compared to the healthy ones, and a significant decrease in the level of GSH for patients compared with the healthy ones, and a significant increase in the level of CP and the level of SOD for patients compared with the healthy ones, and there is a positive correlation between the level of OC and the level of CP And a negative relationship between OC level, GSH level and SOD level. It was revealed that there were significant differences at the level of probability (P<0.01) of repeating the allele for the OC gene between the group of patients and the healthy ones, where the value of the repeating of the mutated C allele increased and the level of the normal T allele decreased within the group of patients compared to the healthy ones

Bacteriolytic Activity of Coliphages on Diarrhea Associated E. coli

There has been an alarming increase in drug-resistant strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in developing as well as developed countries. Several cases of antimicrobial resistance in DEC have been observed in different parts of the world as a result, there has been a renewed interest in alternative antimicrobial treatments, including bacteriophages. This study was conducted to isolation and characterization of a lytic coliphage from sewage water capable to infect a variety of multidrug resistance DEC strains isolated from children suffering diarrhea, as first step to further usage a lytic coliphage in future.in this study, a coliphage was isolated using spotting method and titrated, using agar overlay technique. The host range of coliphages was assessed on a lawn of E coli bacteria. This study included determination of the latent periods and burst size of coli phage then determines the stability of coliphages to physical and chemical condition (temperature, pH and sunlight exposure).The results shown that, five phages isolate (A, B, C, D and E) were exhibiting a potent lytic activity with clear plaques (1-4mm in diameter). Fifty percent of the E coli strains were infected by phage isolates. It seems, very likely, that the coliphages belonging to 3 different groups (1, 2 and3). The phage growth cycle with a detected latent period of 20 min, a burst size of 160 plaque forming units per infected cell, it was found that the phage could survive at varied pH conditions with reduction in its numbers. A temperature of above 60°C and direct sunlight beyond 8 days was found to be deleterious for survival of the phage. Keywords: key words, coliphages, E. coli, diarrhe

Hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor for coronary heart disease

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder, an expression of a defect in the gene that is responsible for the production of LDL-C receptor. The current study was designed to determine the FH patients in the city of Sulaymaniyah for both sexes. The study included 213 samples, the number of males was 99 and the number of females was 114, both sexes ranged from (30-79) years.The results of cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in patients with hypercholesterolemia showed highly significant (P ˂ 0.01) for cholesterol and the concentration level in patients with hypercholesterolemia compared to the level of concentration of healthy.As concerns the effect of hypercholesterolemia on coronary heart disease, the results showed a significant increase (P ˂ 0.01) in cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C with a significant decrease in HDL-C concentration in people with heart disease compared with healthy people. triglyceride in patients with compared healthy people. (HDL-C and LDL-C) showed a significant decrease (P ˂ 0.01) in the concentration of HDL-C in patients with hypercholesterolemia compared to their level of concentration in healthy individuals, in relation to low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) -C is the other (P ˂ 0.01) in

Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Isolated from Clinical Patients by Using RAPD-PCR Technique.

The aim of the present study was the molecular characterization and the evaluation of variability and genetic relationship of six Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates using PCR-based Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A total number of 86 samples were collected from patients that hospitalized in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city. These samples were taken from patients basing on the sources of infections, the isolates were taken from: wounds, ear, burns, urine, sputum, and eyes infections. Using enrichment, selective media, and biochemical tests, that characterized and identified as P. aeruginosa. Genomic DNA was extracted from six P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from these different sources. These genomic DNA samples were found to have a suitable concentration and purity for RAPD-PCR analysis. RAPD-PCR technique was performed using 15 different Operon random primers. Eleven primers gave successful amplification results in repeated experiments. As a result, the total number of amplified bands was 270 and the total number of polymorphic bands was 234. The highest number of polymorphic bands (39 bands) was produced by primer OPX-01. The primer efficiency ranged from 3.70 (primer OPA-11) to 14.44 (primer OPX-01) and the discriminatory value ranged from 1.70% (primer OPA-11) to 16.66% (primer OPX-01). In addition, genetic distance and cluster analysis among different P. aeruginosa isolates were estimated by using UPGMA computer program basing on RAPD-PCR banding patterns that obtained in this study. These results suggesting that possible and frequent occurrence of mutations in DNA sequencing P. aeruginosa bacteria from different sources and locations. This study has proved existence genetic differences (DNA polymorphism) among the six P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from different sources. Therefore, we can say that RAPD technique could be an efficient technique for studying the molecular characterization and the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa bacteria

Linking disease epidemiology and livestock productivity: the case of bovine respiratory disease in France

Concerns are growing over the impact of livestock farming on environment and public health. The livestock industry is faced with the double constraint of limiting its use of natural resources and antimicrobials while ensuring its economic sustainability. In this context, reliable methods are needed to evaluate the effect of the prevention of endemic animal diseases on the productivity of livestock production systems. In this study, an epidemiological and productivity model was used to link changes in Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) incidence with the productivity of the beef and dairy cattle sectors in France. Cattle production parameters significantly affected by BRD were selected through literature review. Previous field study results and national cattle performance estimates were used to infer growth performances, mortality rates and carcass quality in the cattle affected and not affected by BRD. A steady-state deterministic herd production model was used to predict the productivity of the dairy and beef sector and their defined compartments (breeding-fattening, feedlot young bulls, and feedlot veal) in case of BRD incidence reduction by 20%, 50% or 100%. Results suggested that BRD should be controlled at a priority in beef breeding farms as eradication of BRD in beef calves would increase the whole beef sector’s productivity by 4.7–5.5% while eradication in other production stages would result in lower productivity gain in their respective sectors. However, the analysis performed at compartment level showed that, in both the beef and dairy sector, young bull and veal feedlot enterprises derive more economic benefits from BRD eradication for their own compartment (increase in productivity of 8.7–12.8% for beef young bulls) than the breeding farms (increase in productivity of 5.1–6% for beef calves), which may limit the investments in BRD control

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

The use of DNA sequencing to confirm the first report of Rev.1 strain isolated from human brucellosis in Iraq

2-s2.0-85100313435Live attenuated Brucella melitensis Rev.1 strain is currently used in Iraq against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Vaccination with Rev.1 may lead to the adverse effects of strain persistence in the vaccinated animals and its occasionally spread horizontally. Moreover, in some countries it was shown that the vaccine strain caused human infection, demonstrating the zoonotic hazards of its virulence. Thirty Sheep milk samples and 30 Goat milk samples were taken from animals given a positive result with rose Bengal test. Also 12 Vaginal swabs from aborted ewes and 20 Vaginal swabs from aborted goats were taken in period didn't exceed 10 days after the abortion. At the same time, 50 blood samples taken from patients with Malta fever. The samples cultured on trypton soya broth and then sub-cultured on Brucella Basel agar. Biochemical test, PCR-RELP, and DNA sequencing were used to distinguish Vaccine Rev.1 strain from field strains. Out of 92 samples from goats and sheep, Brucella isolated from 43 (46.7%) case. The results revealed that vaginal discharges are better than milk samples for isolation of the Brucella. In human, the bacteria isolated from 11 (22%) of Malta fever patients. PCR-RELP and DNA sequencing revealed that Rev.1 strain isolated from 8 (21%) animals and 1 (11.1%) of human patients. © 2020, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved