A study on the feeding of shrimp larvae of Macrobrachium nipponense on algae in vitro

Experiments were carried out for the propagation and rearing of Macrobrachium nipponense and its feeding on algae, with the aim of determining the density, survival, and growth of larvae in vitro. Hatched larvae of zoae were reared at a density of 50 zoea/L with algae mixture: Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., Pediastrium sp., Microctinium sp., Navicula sp., Ulothrix sp., Cyclotella sp., Daitoma sp. at three concentrations of 0.5=A, 1.0=B, 1.5=C x 10⁵ cell/ml, and the survival % rates of zoea larvae were 45.00±5.00, 53.33±7.64, 50.00±5.00 respectively. Then, three densities: 25=A, 50=B, 75=C zoea/L were tested by feeding them with the best concentration of 1.0×10⁵ cell/ml for 10 days, with the result being survival % rates were  50.00±5.00, 51.67±7.64, 31.67±7.64, respectively. After that, stage post-larvae were reared at a density of (50=A,100=B, 150=C) Pl/pond and fed with a concentration of 1.0 x 10⁵ cell/ml of the algae mixture for 28 days, which resulted in survival % rates of 48.33±7.64, 40.00±5.00, 33.33±7.64, and this stage, weight was 50.67±2.08, 50.00±2.00, 40.33±2.52mg respectively. The results of the analysis of survival rates for different densities of zoea larvae found significant differences (P < 0.05) between density C and density of both A and B, of which there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between them. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the survival rates of zoea in different concentrations of the selected algae. Also, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the survival rates and weight rate of post-larvae when fed on algae (B)

Effect of Cucumber mosaic virus on the Content of Some Melon Genotypes of Some Mineral Elements and Plant Hormones

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the levels of some mineral elements and plant hormones in some melon genotypes. All experiments mentioned in this research were conducted in the Laboratory of plant virology and Greenhouses belonging to the Plant Protection Department/ College of the Agriculture/ University of Kerbala. PCR amplification using the complementary DNA (cDNA), synthesized from RNA isolated from an infected plant, produced a 650bp PCR product. A BLAST search using the nucleotide sequence of the PCR product demonstrated that this CMV isolate was previously registered at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with a similarity of 100% with some CMV isolates identified in Hungary (AJ517802), Australia (U22821), and Slovenia (OL142046). It was also found that all melon genotypes evaluated in this study were susceptible to CMV, and the genotypes HA-144 and HA-609 were the most susceptible to CMV among the other tested genotypes. Results also showed that the CMV infection significantly reduced the levels of some minerals (calcium, magnesium, and manganese), and the genotypes HA-144, GM-3034, and GA-1534 were the most affected by the virus.; whereas the mineral elements sodium and potassium were significantly increased in their levels in infected plants, especially in the genotype HA-609. The CMV infection also clearly reduced the level of the hormone gibberellin in genotypes and the GA-1534 genotype was the most impacted and significantly different from their levels in the uninfected plants. However, the CMVinfected genotypes showed a significant increase in the level of the hormones cytokinin.&nbsp

The Climate Assessment of Iraq Region

In this work we have access to weather map for the area of Iraq, this work is of great importance, especially in the field of future planning and management of projects and resources as well as agriculture in Iraq. The climate assessment of the area of Iraq has been done in multiple ways to reach a clear conception of the nature of the climate in Iraq. We used the data of the last 15 years to achieve stable results. The Information was put in the form of grid points and has been processed by MATLAB program. Keywords: agriculture, atmospheric sciences, climate classification, drought, precipitation

Temperature Effects on Growth of the Biocontrol Agent Pantoea Agglomerans (an Oval Isolate From Iraqi Soils)

The growth response of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans to changes in temperature was determined in vitro in nutrient yeast extract-sucrose medium. The minimum temperature at which P. agglomerans was able to grow was 4°C and the maximum temperature was 42°C. This study defines the range of environmental condition (Temperature) over which the bacteria may be developed for biocontrol of postharvest diseases

Effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an overview of systematic reviews.

To summarise and synthesise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Overview of systematic reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to May 2017; manual search of references of included studies for potentially relevant reviews. We reviewed the effectiveness of drug interventions for SCD and all-cause mortality prevention in patients with HFrEF. We included overviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), antialdosterones or mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, amiodarone, other antiarrhythmic drugs, combined ARB/neprilysin inhibitors, statins and fish oil supplementation. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the reviews and the quality of evidence for the primary studies for each drug intervention, using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE), respectively. We identified 41 reviews. Beta-blockers, antialdosterones and combined ARB/neprilysin inhibitors appeared effective to prevent SCD and all-cause mortality. ACE-i significantly reduced all-cause mortality but not SCD events. ARBs and statins were ineffective where antiarrhythmic drugs and omega-3 fatty acids had unclear evidence of effectiveness for prevention of SCD and all-cause mortality. This comprehensive overview of systematic reviews confirms that beta-blockers, antialdosterone agents and combined ARB/neprilysin inhibitors are effective on SCD prevention but not ACE-i or ARBs. In patients with high risk of SCD, an alternative therapeutic strategy should be explored in future research. PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017067442

Emerging wireless communication technologies in Iraqi government: Exploring cloud, edge, and fog computing

This study aims to structure the implementation of a governmental cloud of things (CoT), edge computing (EC), and fog computing in Iraq in the context of sustainable wireless communication. A base of literature was built that included any challenges, opportunities, and best practices relevant to these innovative technologies to set up the background for this paper. A concept model was created that included core components (cognitive technologies and fog computing), key processes (resource analysis, infrastructure design), and stakeholders (governments, industry, community). A strategic methodology made up of stakeholder involvement, capacity building, and pilot projects was used in the project. Concerning IoT planned deployment and services provision, network infrastructure was put in place to support the devices and a higher level of security measures were recommended. Using scenario hypothesis, MATLAB simulator was employed to simulate data value distribution as well as received power distribution based on different institutions for 12 months. Monitoring and evaluation should be followed to measure performance indicators and effects on this process. Continuously improvement strategies were the highlight of the session which further stimulated innovations. Acquainted projects will be put in the function to extend the range of activities by including additional government agencies, regions, or sectors. Reporting of the collected data and funding will be done with stakeholders to share and pool knowledge

Cloud of Things and fog computing in Iraq: Potential applications and sustainability

This paper depicts the principles of Cloud of Things and fog computing and discusses its possible uses in Iraq with sustainability measures. The capacity of cloud computing to supply elastic, as-needed computer resources has garnered widespread interest worldwide. However, fog computing and a Cloud of Things enhance the Internet of Things by relocating computation to devices on the network's periphery. This study looks at how the Cloud of Things and fog computing are used now in Iraq, the obstacles, and the future uses of these technologies in various fields. To fully reap the benefits of the Cloud of Things and fog computing in Iraq, the study also emphasizes the significance of infrastructure development, policy design, cybersecurity, and other measures. This study will discuss the use of questionnaires in research. There are two distinct components to this. The first section includes questions regarding the respondents' affiliations, including their roles, departments, organization sizes, and ministries. The rest of the study's factors are discussed with inquiries in line with issues of cyber security, privacy, sustainability, cost of implementation, feasibility, trust, IT infrastructure, and government support. The survey's final open-ended inquiry will help us to compile a wide range of perspectives on what kinds of Cloud of Things and fog computing services based on the Iraqi government's needs

Natural Diagonal Riemannian Almost Product and Para-Hermitian Cotangent Bundles

We obtain the natural diagonal almost product and locally product structures on the total space of the cotangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold. We find the Riemannian almost product (locally product) and the (almost) para-Hermitian cotangent bundles of natural diagonal lift type. We prove the characterization theorem for the natural diagonal (almost) para-K\"ahlerian structures on the total spaces of the cotangent bundle.Comment: 10 pages, will appear in Czechoslovak Mathematical Journa

Scholarly publishing depends on peer reviewers

The peer-review crisis is posing a risk to the scholarly peer-reviewed journal system. Journals have to ask many potential peer reviewers to obtain a minimum acceptable number of peers accepting reviewing a manuscript. Several solutions have been suggested to overcome this shortage. From reimbursing for the job, to eliminating pre- publication reviews, one cannot predict which is more dangerous for the future of scholarly publishing. And, why not acknowledging their contribution to the final version of the article published? PubMed created two categories of contributors: authors [AU] and collaborators [IR]. Why not a third category for the peer-reviewer

Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we aimed to assess incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990 to 2019, for 204 countries and territories. Methods We modelled meningitis mortality using vital registration, verbal autopsy, sample-based vital registration, and mortality surveillance data. Meningitis morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian compartmental model, using data from the published literature identified by a systematic review, as well as surveillance data, inpatient hospital admissions, health insurance claims, and cause-specific meningitis mortality estimates. For aetiology estimation, data from multiple causes of death, vital registration, hospital discharge, microbial laboratory, and literature studies were analysed by use of a network analysis model to estimate the proportion of meningitis deaths and cases attributable to the following aetiologies: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and a residual other pathogen category. Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 236 000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 204 000–277 000) and 2·51 million (2·11–2·99) incident cases due to meningitis globally. The burden was greatest in children younger than 5 years, with 112 000 deaths (87 400–145 000) and 1·28 million incident cases (0·947–1·71) in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates decreased from 7·5 (6·6–8·4) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 3·3 (2·8–3·9) per 100 000 population in 2019. The highest proportion of total all-age meningitis deaths in 2019 was attributable to S pneumoniae (18·1% [17·1–19·2]), followed by N meningitidis (13·6% [12·7–14·4]) and K pneumoniae (12·2% [10·2–14·3]). Between 1990 and 2019, H influenzae showed the largest reduction in the number of deaths among children younger than 5 years (76·5% [69·5–81·8]), followed by N meningitidis (72·3% [64·4–78·5]) and viruses (58·2% [47·1–67·3]). Interpretation Substantial progress has been made in reducing meningitis mortality over the past three decades. However, more meningitis-related deaths might be prevented by quickly scaling up immunisation and expanding access to health services. Further reduction in the global meningitis burden should be possible through low-cost multivalent vaccines, increased access to accurate and rapid diagnostic assays, enhanced surveillance, and early treatment.publishedVersio