The Investigation of Association between Transformational Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfactions Among Small Business in the United States

This study has been the focus of much investigation in the search for the association between transformational leadership behavior and job satisfaction among small businesses in the United States. Several attempts have been made to the importance that small businesses have on the economy, and small businesses constitute over half of all jobs. No known empirical research has focused on exploring the association between transformational leadership behavior and job satisfaction among small businesses in Virginia. The research is based on a theoretical framework such as self-determination theory

Enhanced reactivity of pyridin-3-o1 towards 4-phenyl-l, 2, 4-triazoline-3, 5- dione: FMO treatment of the cycloaddition process

433-43

The Effect of Hepatitis C on Humans

The aim of the study is to know the effect of the hepatitis C virus on humans, how the virus is transmitted, what is the method of preventing it, and what treatment is used to alleviate the severity of the disease. The questionnaire was designed via the Google Drive application and distributed via the social networking application (WhatsApp), with complete transparency to the population targeted by the research. The city of Mecca, from the age of (25-55 years), where 600 questionnaires were distributed via social media application groups (WhatsApp) according to available conditions (distancing), and answers to 580 questionnaires were obtained

Aberrant visual pathway development in albinism: from retina to cortex

Albinism refers to a group of genetic abnormalities in melanogenesis that are associated neuronal misrouting through the optic chiasm. Previous imaging studies have shown structural alterations at different points along the visual pathway of people with albinism (PWA) including foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve and chiasm size alterations and visual cortex reorganisation, but fail to provide a holistic in-vivo characterisation of the visual neurodevelopmental alterations from retina to visual cortex. We perform quantitative assessment of visual pathway structure and function in 23 PWA and 20 matched controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging and visual evoked potentials (VEP). PWA had a higher streamline decussation index (percentage of total tractography streamlines decussating at the chiasm) compared to controls (Z=-2.24, p=0.025), and streamline decussation index correlated weakly significantly with inter-hemispheric asymmetry measured using VEP (r=0.484, p=0.042). For PWA, a significant correlation was found between foveal development index and total number of streamlines (r=0.662, p less than 0.001). Optic nerve (p=0.001) and tract (p=0.010) width, and chiasm width (P less than 0.001), area (p=0.006) and volume (p=0.005), were significantly smaller in PWA compared to controls. Significant positive correlations were found between peri-papillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and optic nerve (r=0.642, p less than 0.001) and tract (r=0.663, p less than 0.001) width. Occipital pole cortical thickness was 6.88% higher (Z=-4.10, p less than 0.001) in PWA and was related to anterior visual pathway structures including foveal retinal pigment epithelium complex thickness (r=-0.579, p=0.005), optic disc (r=0.478, p=0.021) and rim areas (r=0.597, p=0.003). We were unable to demonstrate a significant relationship between OCT-derived foveal or optic nerve measures and MRI-derived chiasm size or streamline decussation index. Non-invasive imaging techniques demonstrate aberrant development throughout the visual pathways of PWA compared to controls. Our novel tractographic demonstration of altered chiasmatic decussation in PWA corresponds to VEP measured cortical asymmetry and is consistent with chiasmatic misrouting in albinism. We also demonstrate a significant relationship between retinal pigment epithelium and visual cortex thickness indicating that retinal pigmentation defects in albinism lead to downstream structural reorganisation of the visual cortex

p16INK4A Positively Regulates Cyclin D1 and E2F1 through Negative Control of AUF1

/pRB/E2F pathway, a key regulator of the critical G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle, is universally disrupted in human cancer. However, the precise function of the different members of this pathway and their functional interplay are still not well defined. -dependent manner, and several of these genes are also members of the AUF1 and E2F1 regulons. We also present evidence that E2F1 mediates p16-dependent regulation of several pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and the consequent induction of spontaneous as well as doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. is also a modulator of transcription and apoptosis through controlling the expression of two major transcription regulators, AUF1 and E2F1

Fingertip digital thermal monitoring: a fingerprint for cardiovascular disease?

Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmia

Bio-nanotechnology application in wastewater treatment

The nanoparticles have received high interest in the field of medicine and water purification, however, the nanomaterials produced by chemical and physical methods are considered hazardous, expensive, and leave behind harmful substances to the environment. This chapter aimed to focus on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their medical applications. Moreover, the chapter highlighted the applicability of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the inactivation of microbial cells due to their high surface and small particle size. Modifying nanomaterials produced by green-methods is safe, inexpensive, and easy. Therefore, the control and modification of nanoparticles and their properties were also discussed

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9.51-12.1) deaths (19.2% [16.9-21.3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8.71 million (8.12-9.31) deaths (15.4% [14.6-16.2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11.6% [10.3-13.1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public