Simple technique for texture function analysis in granular thin film media

In this work a simple technique to extract the texture function in granular thin film media is implemented. The technique is based on previous work in which the distribution function of particles easy axes f(α) is calculated from the measured parallel remanence curve (Mrp(β)). In this simple technique we consider that the measured Mrp(β) curve can be fitted to a series of cos(2β), i.e. Mrp(β)=B0+B2 cos(2β)+B4 cos(4β) where the angle β is the angle by which the film is rotated. This approximation is found to be valid when the texture function has a standard deviation >20°. On this basis, the constants B0, B2 and B4 can be determined by using only three data points for the parallel remanence, Mrp(0), Mrp(45°) and Mrp(90°). The new technique is applied to a textured thin film consisting of cobalt ferrite particles 17 nm in diameter and to a commercial Sony video tape. Using this simple technique, the obtained texture functions are found to be similar to those obtained from the full Mrp(β) curves. This new technique will furnish a simple method with which the texture function in 2D systems can be obtained.Peer reviewe

Joint American Academy of Dermatology-National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organ systems and affecting approximately 3.2% of the world\u27s population. In this section of the guidelines of care for psoriasis, we will focus the discussion on ultraviolet (UV) light-based therapies, which include narrowband and broadband UVB, UVA in conjunction with photosensitizing agents, targeted UVB treatments such as with an excimer laser, and several other modalities and variations of these core phototherapies, including newer applications of pulsed dye lasers, intense pulse light, and light-emitting electrodes. We will provide an in-depth, evidence-based discussion of efficacy and safety for each treatment modality and provide recommendations and guidance for the use of these therapies alone or in conjunction with other topical and/or systemic psoriasis treatments